mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Towards Near-imperceptible Steganographic Text

arXiv 1907.06679 ↗First posted 15 Jul 2019cs.CL cs.CR cs.LGcited by 32

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Abstract (arXiv)

We show that the imperceptibility of several existing linguistic steganographic systems (Fang et al., 2017; Yang et al., 2018) relies on implicit assumptions on statistical behaviors of fluent text. We formally analyze them and empirically evaluate these assumptions. Furthermore, based on these observations, we propose an encoding algorithm called patient-Huffman with improved near-imperceptible guarantees.

Key facts. Cited by 32 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 15 Jul 2019.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 3; 2022: 4; 2023: 9; 2024: 5; 2025: 5; 2026: 6.

32 papers.

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  1. 2023A Watermark for Large Language Modelscited by 725
  2. 2023Robust Distortion-free Watermarks for Language Modelscited by 320
  3. 2023On the Reliability of Watermarks for Large Language Modelscited by 189
  4. 2023Unbiased Watermark for Large Language Modelscited by 111
  5. 2022Perfectly Secure Steganography Using Minimum Entropy Couplingcited by 44
  6. 2021Provably Secure Generative Linguistic Steganographycited by 34
  7. 2021Frustratingly Easy Edit-based Linguistic Steganography with a Masked Language Modelcited by 30
  8. 2023Embarrassingly Simple Text Watermarkscited by 29
  9. 2023Towards Possibilities & Impossibilities of AI-generated Text Detection: A Surveycited by 28
  10. 2023Do Not Blindly Imitate the Teacher: Using Perturbed Loss for Knowledge Distillationcited by 25
  11. 2023Watermarking LLMs with Weight Quantizationcited by 22
  12. 2024Generative Text Steganography with Large Language Modelcited by 17
20 more
  1. 2024WAPITI: A Watermark for Finetuned Open-Source LLMscited by 12
  2. 2025Enhancing LLM Watermark Resilience Against Both Scrubbing and Spoofing Attackscited by 9
  3. 2024A Survey on Responsible Generative AI: What to Generate and What Notcited by 8
  4. 2022Semantic-Preserving Linguistic Steganography by Pivot Translation and Semantic-Aware Bins Codingcited by 7
  5. 2022Addressing Segmentation Ambiguity in Neural Linguistic Steganographycited by 7
  6. 2024OD-Stega: LLM-Based Relatively Secure Steganography via Optimized Distributionscited by 5
  7. 2024Zero-shot Generative Linguistic Steganographycited by 4
  8. 2025Addressing Tokenization Inconsistency in Steganography and Watermarking Based on Large Language Modelscited by 4
  9. 2026Efficient Provably Secure Linguistic Steganography via Range Codingcited by 3
  10. 2021Leveraging Generative Models for Covert Messaging: Challenges and Tradeoffs for "Dead-Drop" Deploymentscited by 2
  11. 2026Anchored Sliding Window: Toward Robust and Imperceptible Linguistic Steganographycited by 2
  12. 2025A Content-Preserving Secure Linguistic Steganographycited by 1
  13. 2026Hide and Seek in Embedding Space: Geometry-based Steganography and Detection in Large Language Modelscited by 1
  14. 2026Steganography Without Modification: Hidden Communication via LLM Seedscited by 1
  15. 2022On Information Hiding in Natural Language Systemscited by 0
  16. 2023On Reward Structures of Markov Decision Processescited by 0
  17. 2025Provably Secure Covert Messaging Using Image-based Diffusion Processescited by 0
  18. 2025A Character-based Diffusion Embedding Algorithm for Enhancing the Generation Quality of Generative Linguistic Steganographic Textscited by 0
  19. 2026Text Steganography with Dynamic Codebook and Multimodal Large Language Modelcited by 0
  20. 2026A Comprehensive Survey on Linguistic Steganography: Methods, Countermeasures, Evaluation, and Challengescited by 0