Generative Text Steganography with Large Language Model
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Abstract (arXiv)
Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have blurred the boundary of high-quality text generation between humans and machines, which is favorable for generative text steganography. While, current advanced steganographic mapping is not suitable for LLMs since most users are restricted to accessing only the black-box API or user interface of the LLMs, thereby lacking access to the training vocabulary and its sampling probabilities. In this paper, we explore a black-box generative text steganographic method based on the user interfaces of large language models, which is called LLM-Stega. The main goal of LLM-Stega is that the secure covert communication between Alice (sender) and Bob (receiver) is conducted by using the user interfaces of LLMs. Specifically, We first construct a keyword set and design a new encrypted steganographic mapping to embed secret messages. Furthermore, to guarantee accurate extraction of secret messages and rich semantics of generated stego texts, an optimization mechanism based on reject sampling is proposed. Comprehensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed LLM-Stega outperforms current state-of-the-art methods.
Key facts. Cited by 17 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 12 of its 45 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 Apr 2024.
Builds on
12 of 45 references.
References · 12
- 2023LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Modelscited by 14,132
- 2019Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networkscited by 9,170
- 2022Language Models are Realistic Tabular Data Generatorscited by 294
- 2022ZeroGen: Efficient Zero-shot Learning via Dataset Generationcited by 211
- 2022Generating Training Data with Language Models: Towards Zero-Shot Language Understandingcited by 199
- 2021Generating Datasets with Pretrained Language Modelscited by 193
- 2019Neural Linguistic Steganographycited by 78
- 2022RelationPrompt: Leveraging Prompts to Generate Synthetic Data for Zero-Shot Relation Triplet Extractioncited by 60
- 2023CRoSS: Diffusion Model Makes Controllable, Robust and Secure Image Steganographycited by 50
- 2021Provably Secure Generative Linguistic Steganographycited by 34
- 2019Towards Near-imperceptible Steganographic Textcited by 32
- 2023Large-capacity and Flexible Video Steganography via Invertible Neural Networkcited by 21
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 3; 2025: 6; 2026: 8.
17 papers.
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- 2024Hidden in Plain Text: Emergence & Mitigation of Steganographic Collusion in LLMscited by 55
- 2025All That Glitters Is Not Gold: Key-Secured 3D Secrets within 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 15
- 2024SoK: On the Role and Future of AIGC Watermarking in the Era of Gen-AIcited by 14
- 2025All Code, No Thought: Current Language Models Struggle to Reason in Ciphered Languagecited by 8
- 2025ImF: Implicit Fingerprint for Large Language Modelscited by 7
- 2025Toward a Safe Internet of Agentscited by 6
- 2026Mapping Human Anti-collusion Mechanisms to Multi-agent AI Systemscited by 4
- 2024Large Language Models as Carriers of Hidden Messagescited by 2
- 2025LLMs can hide text in other text of the same lengthcited by 2
- 2026Moral Mazes in the Era of LLMscited by 1
- 2025A Character-based Diffusion Embedding Algorithm for Enhancing the Generation Quality of Generative Linguistic Steganographic Textscited by 0
- 2026DTAMS: High-Capacity Generative Steganography via Dynamic Multi-Timestep Selection and Adaptive Deviation Mapping in Latent Diffusioncited by 0
5 more
- 2026Beneath the Surface: Investigating LLMs' Capabilities for Communicating with Subtextcited by 0
- 2026ACF: A Collaborative Framework for Agent Covert Communication under Cognitive Asymmetrycited by 0
- 2026FADRW: A Feature-Aware Modulated and Dynamically Reweighted Loss for Few-Shot Linguistic Steganalysiscited by 0
- 2026What the Eyes See, the LLMs Miss: Exploiting Human Perception for Adversarial Text Attackscited by 0
- 2026Synchronized Logit Steering: Real-world Steganographycited by 0
- 2026Synchronized Logit Steering: Real-world Steganography9 Aug 2026
- 2026What the Eyes See, the LLMs Miss: Exploiting Human Perception for Adversarial Text Attacks8 Jun 2026
- 2026FADRW: A Feature-Aware Modulated and Dynamically Reweighted Loss for Few-Shot Linguistic Steganalysis3 Jun 2026
- 2026ACF: A Collaborative Framework for Agent Covert Communication under Cognitive Asymmetry9 Apr 2026
- 2026Beneath the Surface: Investigating LLMs' Capabilities for Communicating with Subtext7 Apr 2026
- 2026Moral Mazes in the Era of LLMs6 Mar 2026
- 2026DTAMS: High-Capacity Generative Steganography via Dynamic Multi-Timestep Selection and Adaptive Deviation Mapping in Latent Diffusion1 Feb 2026
- 2026Mapping Human Anti-collusion Mechanisms to Multi-agent AI Systems1 Jan 2026
- 2025Toward a Safe Internet of Agents29 Nov 2025
- 2025LLMs can hide text in other text of the same length22 Oct 2025
- 2025All Code, No Thought: Current Language Models Struggle to Reason in Ciphered Language10 Oct 2025
- 2025A Character-based Diffusion Embedding Algorithm for Enhancing the Generation Quality of Generative Linguistic Steganographic Texts2 May 2025
5 more
- 2025ImF: Implicit Fingerprint for Large Language Models25 Mar 2025
- 2025All That Glitters Is Not Gold: Key-Secured 3D Secrets within 3D Gaussian Splatting10 Mar 2025
- 2024SoK: On the Role and Future of AIGC Watermarking in the Era of Gen-AI18 Nov 2024
- 2024Hidden in Plain Text: Emergence & Mitigation of Steganographic Collusion in LLMs2 Oct 2024
- 2024Large Language Models as Carriers of Hidden Messages4 Jun 2024
- 2025Toward a Safe Internet of Agentscited by 6
- 2025Toward a Safe Internet of Agents29 Nov 2025
- 2024Hidden in Plain Text: Emergence & Mitigation of Steganographic Collusion in LLMscited by 55
- 2025All That Glitters Is Not Gold: Key-Secured 3D Secrets within 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 15
- 2025ImF: Implicit Fingerprint for Large Language Modelscited by 7
- 2026Mapping Human Anti-collusion Mechanisms to Multi-agent AI Systemscited by 4
- 2024Large Language Models as Carriers of Hidden Messagescited by 2
- 2025LLMs can hide text in other text of the same lengthcited by 2
- 2026Moral Mazes in the Era of LLMscited by 1
- 2025A Character-based Diffusion Embedding Algorithm for Enhancing the Generation Quality of Generative Linguistic Steganographic Textscited by 0
- 2026Beneath the Surface: Investigating LLMs' Capabilities for Communicating with Subtextcited by 0
- 2026ACF: A Collaborative Framework for Agent Covert Communication under Cognitive Asymmetrycited by 0
- 2026FADRW: A Feature-Aware Modulated and Dynamically Reweighted Loss for Few-Shot Linguistic Steganalysiscited by 0
- 2026What the Eyes See, the LLMs Miss: Exploiting Human Perception for Adversarial Text Attackscited by 0
12 most cited of 13 All 13 (JSON)
- 2026Synchronized Logit Steering: Real-world Steganography9 Aug 2026
- 2026What the Eyes See, the LLMs Miss: Exploiting Human Perception for Adversarial Text Attacks8 Jun 2026
- 2026FADRW: A Feature-Aware Modulated and Dynamically Reweighted Loss for Few-Shot Linguistic Steganalysis3 Jun 2026
- 2026ACF: A Collaborative Framework for Agent Covert Communication under Cognitive Asymmetry9 Apr 2026
- 2026Beneath the Surface: Investigating LLMs' Capabilities for Communicating with Subtext7 Apr 2026
- 2026Moral Mazes in the Era of LLMs6 Mar 2026
- 2026Mapping Human Anti-collusion Mechanisms to Multi-agent AI Systems1 Jan 2026
- 2025LLMs can hide text in other text of the same length22 Oct 2025
- 2025A Character-based Diffusion Embedding Algorithm for Enhancing the Generation Quality of Generative Linguistic Steganographic Texts2 May 2025
- 2025ImF: Implicit Fingerprint for Large Language Models25 Mar 2025
- 2025All That Glitters Is Not Gold: Key-Secured 3D Secrets within 3D Gaussian Splatting10 Mar 2025
- 2024Hidden in Plain Text: Emergence & Mitigation of Steganographic Collusion in LLMs2 Oct 2024
12 newest of 13 All 13 (JSON)