Painless Stochastic Gradient: Interpolation, Line-Search, and Convergence Rates
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Abstract (arXiv)
Recent works have shown that stochastic gradient descent (SGD) achieves the fast convergence rates of full-batch gradient descent for over-parameterized models satisfying certain interpolation conditions. However, the step-size used in these works depends on unknown quantities and SGD's practical performance heavily relies on the choice of this step-size. We propose to use line-search techniques to automatically set the step-size when training models that can interpolate the data. In the interpolation setting, we prove that SGD with a stochastic variant of the classic Armijo line-search attains the deterministic convergence rates for both convex and strongly-convex functions. Under additional assumptions, SGD with Armijo line-search is shown to achieve fast convergence for non-convex functions. Furthermore, we show that stochastic extra-gradient with a Lipschitz line-search attains linear convergence for an important class of non-convex functions and saddle-point problems satisfying interpolation. To improve the proposed methods' practical performance, we give heuristics to use larger step-sizes and acceleration. We compare the proposed algorithms against numerous optimization methods on standard classification tasks using both kernel methods and deep networks. The proposed methods result in competitive performance across all models and datasets, while being robust to the precise choices of hyper-parameters. For multi-class classification using deep networks, SGD with Armijo line-search results in both faster convergence and better generalization.
Key facts. Cited by 119 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 24 May 2019.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 31; 2022: 16; 2023: 24; 2024: 27; 2025: 9; 2026: 12.
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- 2021Stochastic Mirror Descent: Convergence Analysis and Adaptive Variants via the Mirror Stochastic Polyak Stepsizecited by 22
- 2021On the Convergence of Step Decay Step-Size for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 21
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- 2021On the Convergence of Stochastic Extragradient for Bilinear Games using Restarted Iteration Averagingcited by 18
12 most cited of 117 All 117 (JSON)
- 2026Stochastic Heavy Ball with Polyak Step Size and Armijo Line Search: A General Convergence Analysis29 Sep 2026
- 2026The cost of useful natural gradient updates27 Sep 2026
- 2026Polyak-Type Extragradient Methods for Monotone Root-Finding Problems22 Sep 2026
- 2026Directional Curvature from Armijo Backtracking: A Low-Cost Sharpness Probe and a Calibration-Free Learning-Rate Safeguard for Adam4 Jul 2026
- 2026Large-scale empirical tuning and comparison of default optimizers for variational inference5 Jun 2026
- 2026Estimating Mixture Distributions via Stochastic Mirror Descent24 May 2026
- 2026A Parameter-Free First-Order Algorithm for Non-Convex Optimization with tildemkern1mu O(ε-5/3) Global Rate4 May 2026
- 2026Stochastic Trust-Region Methods for Over-parameterized Models15 Apr 2026
- 2026Muon Converges under Heavy-Tailed Noise: Nonconvex H"older-Smooth Empirical Risk Minimization16 Mar 2026
- 2026Breaking the Stochasticity Barrier: An Adaptive Variance-Reduced Method for Variational Inequalities30 Jan 2026
- 2026A Scalable Measure of Loss Landscape Curvature for Analyzing the Training Dynamics of LLMs23 Jan 2026
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