Efficient Decision-based Black-box Adversarial Attacks on Face Recognition
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Abstract (arXiv)
Face recognition has obtained remarkable progress in recent years due to the great improvement of deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs). However, deep CNNs are vulnerable to adversarial examples, which can cause fateful consequences in real-world face recognition applications with security-sensitive purposes. Adversarial attacks are widely studied as they can identify the vulnerability of the models before they are deployed. In this paper, we evaluate the robustness of state-of-the-art face recognition models in the decision-based black-box attack setting, where the attackers have no access to the model parameters and gradients, but can only acquire hard-label predictions by sending queries to the target model. This attack setting is more practical in real-world face recognition systems. To improve the efficiency of previous methods, we propose an evolutionary attack algorithm, which can model the local geometries of the search directions and reduce the dimension of the search space. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method that induces a minimum perturbation to an input face image with fewer queries. We also apply the proposed method to attack a real-world face recognition system successfully.
Key facts. Cited by 173 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 9 Apr 2019.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 44; 2022: 42; 2023: 36; 2024: 30; 2025: 17; 2026: 4.
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- 2021Adv-Makeup: A New Imperceptible and Transferable Attack on Face Recognitioncited by 95
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- 2022Adv-Attribute: Inconspicuous and Transferable Adversarial Attack on Face Recognitioncited by 42
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- 2024Revealing Vulnerabilities in Stable Diffusion via Targeted Attacks16 Jan 2024
50 newest of 173 All 173 (JSON)
- 2023Robust Classification via a Single Diffusion Modelcited by 79
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- 2024Detection of Synthetic Face Images: Accuracy, Robustness, Generalizationcited by 0
- 2025SAP-DIFF: Semantic Adversarial Patch Generation for Black-Box Face Recognition Models via Diffusion Modelscited by 0
- 2025SAP-DIFF: Semantic Adversarial Patch Generation for Black-Box Face Recognition Models via Diffusion Models27 Feb 2025
- 2024Detection of Synthetic Face Images: Accuracy, Robustness, Generalization25 Jun 2024
- 2024FaceCat: Enhancing Face Recognition Security with a Unified Diffusion Model14 Apr 2024
- 2024Revealing Vulnerabilities in Stable Diffusion via Targeted Attacks16 Jan 2024
- 2023Robust Classification via a Single Diffusion Model24 May 2023
- 2021Advances in adversarial attacks and defenses in computer vision: A surveycited by 127
- 2021Adv-Makeup: A New Imperceptible and Transferable Attack on Face Recognitioncited by 95
- 2021Adversarial Sticker: A Stealthy Attack Method in the Physical Worldcited by 92
- 2021Improving Transferability of Adversarial Patches on Face Recognition with Generative Modelscited by 80
- 2022Parallel Rectangle Flip Attack: A Query-based Black-box Attack against Object Detectioncited by 79
- 2022Protecting Facial Privacy: Generating Adversarial Identity Masks via Style-robust Makeup Transfercited by 77
- 2021Meta Gradient Adversarial Attackcited by 55
- 2022Shape-invariant 3D Adversarial Point Cloudscited by 49
- 2022Improving the Transferability of Targeted Adversarial Examples through Object-Based Diverse Inputcited by 49
- 2022Adv-Attribute: Inconspicuous and Transferable Adversarial Attack on Face Recognitioncited by 42
- 2021A Comprehensive Evaluation Framework for Deep Model Robustnesscited by 41
- 2021Robust Machine Learning Systems: Challenges, Current Trends, Perspectives, and the Road Aheadcited by 40
12 most cited of 164 All 164 (JSON)
- 2026Casting the Net! Revisiting MasterFace Impersonation Attacks7 Aug 2026
- 2026Face De-Identification: A Domain-Centric Survey from Capture to Processing28 Jul 2026
- 2026Signal-based Model Access Risk Analysis for AI System Operations Security17 Jul 2026
- 2025Improving the Convergence Rate of Ray Search Optimization for Query-Efficient Hard-Label Attacks24 Dec 2025
- 2025Towards Strong Certified Defense with Universal Asymmetric Randomization22 Oct 2025
- 2025Explainable AI for Analyzing Person-Specific Patterns in Facial Recognition Tasks22 Sep 2025
- 2025NAT: Learning to Attack Neurons for Enhanced Adversarial Transferability23 Aug 2025
- 2025Boosting Ray Search Procedure of Hard-label Attacks with Transfer-based Priors23 Jul 2025
- 2025Non-Adaptive Adversarial Face Generation16 Jul 2025
- 2025Sample-Specific Noise Injection For Diffusion-Based Adversarial Purification6 Jun 2025
- 2025Human-Imperceptible Physical Adversarial Attack for NIR Face Recognition Models22 Apr 2025
- 2025Adversarial Attack for RGB-Event based Visual Object Tracking19 Apr 2025
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