Self-supervised Sparse-to-Dense: Self-supervised Depth Completion from LiDAR and Monocular Camera
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Depth completion, the technique of estimating a dense depth image from sparse depth measurements, has a variety of applications in robotics and autonomous driving. However, depth completion faces 3 main challenges: the irregularly spaced pattern in the sparse depth input, the difficulty in handling multiple sensor modalities (when color images are available), as well as the lack of dense, pixel-level ground truth depth labels. In this work, we address all these challenges. Specifically, we develop a deep regression model to learn a direct mapping from sparse depth (and color images) to dense depth. We also propose a self-supervised training framework that requires only sequences of color and sparse depth images, without the need for dense depth labels. Our experiments demonstrate that our network, when trained with semi-dense annotations, attains state-of-the- art accuracy and is the winning approach on the KITTI depth completion benchmark at the time of submission. Furthermore, the self-supervised framework outperforms a number of existing solutions trained with semi- dense annotations.
Key facts. Cited by 140 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 1 Jul 2018.
Builds on
No reference list yet.
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2021: 40; 2022: 32; 2023: 22; 2024: 29; 2025: 10; 2026: 7.
140 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2023CompletionFormer: Depth Completion with Convolutions and Vision Transformerscited by 93
- 2024An Extensible Framework for Open Heterogeneous Collaborative Perceptioncited by 87
- 2021RigNet: Repetitive Image Guided Network for Depth Completioncited by 80
- 2025Pow3R: Empowering Unconstrained 3D Reconstruction with Camera and Scene Priorscited by 72
- 2021Unsupervised Depth Completion with Calibrated Backprojection Layerscited by 61
- 2024Bilateral Propagation Network for Depth Completioncited by 60
- 2021Radar-Camera Pixel Depth Association for Depth Completioncited by 50
- 2024Marigold-DC: Zero-Shot Monocular Depth Completion with Guided Diffusioncited by 50
- 2023LRRU: Long-short Range Recurrent Updating Networks for Depth Completioncited by 49
- 2024Tri-Perspective View Decomposition for Geometry-Aware Depth Completioncited by 42
- 2021Depth Completion with Twin Surface Extrapolation at Occlusion Boundariescited by 41
- 2024Scaling Diffusion Models to Real-World 3D LiDAR Scene Completioncited by 40
38 more
- 2021Sparse Auxiliary Networks for Unified Monocular Depth Prediction and Completioncited by 39
- 2022SuperFusion: Multilevel LiDAR-Camera Fusion for Long-Range HD Map Generationcited by 39
- 2021Learning Topology from Synthetic Data for Unsupervised Depth Completioncited by 38
- 2021Depth Estimation from Monocular Images and Sparse radar using Deep Ordinal Regression Networkcited by 33
- 2022Deep Depth Completion from Extremely Sparse Data: A Surveycited by 33
- 2023LODE: Locally Conditioned Eikonal Implicit Scene Completion from Sparse LiDARcited by 31
- 2021An Adaptive Framework for Learning Unsupervised Depth Completioncited by 30
- 2022DesNet: Decomposed Scale-Consistent Network for Unsupervised Depth Completioncited by 27
- 2022Sparsity Agnostic Depth Completioncited by 27
- 2024DepthLab: From Partial to Completecited by 27
- 2021BIPS: Bi-modal Indoor Panorama Synthesis via Residual Depth-aided Adversarial Learningcited by 26
- 2024Test-Time Adaptation for Depth Completioncited by 26
- 2024Depth Prompting for Sensor-Agnostic Depth Estimationcited by 26
- 2021Beyond Image to Depth: Improving Depth Prediction using Echoescited by 24
- 2021Depth Completion using Plane-Residual Representationcited by 24
- 2022Monitored Distillation for Positive Congruent Depth Completioncited by 24
- 2021Bayesian Deep Basis Fitting for Depth Completion with Uncertaintycited by 23
- 2022Multi-Modal Masked Pre-Training for Monocular Panoramic Depth Completioncited by 23
- 2022SemAttNet: Towards Attention-based Semantic Aware Guided Depth Completioncited by 23
- 2021A Surface Geometry Model for LiDAR Depth Completioncited by 18
- 2021Cuboids Revisited: Learning Robust 3D Shape Fitting to Single RGB Imagescited by 17
- 2021DenseLiDAR: A Real-Time Pseudo Dense Depth Guided Depth Completion Networkcited by 17
- 2021Robust Depth Completion with Uncertainty-Driven Loss Functionscited by 16
- 2022Consistent Direct Time-of-Flight Video Depth Super-Resolutioncited by 16
- 2022360 Depth Estimation in the Wild -- The Depth360 Dataset and the SegFuse Networkcited by 15
- 2023AugUndo: Scaling Up Augmentations for Monocular Depth Completion and Estimationcited by 15
- 2023Learnable Differencing Center for Nighttime Depth Perceptioncited by 14
- 2021Advancing Self-supervised Monocular Depth Learning with Sparse LiDARcited by 13
- 2023G2-MonoDepth: A General Framework of Generalized Depth Inference from Monocular RGB+X Datacited by 13
- 2022Depth Completion using Geometry-Aware Embeddingcited by 12
- 2024Completion as Enhancement: A Degradation-Aware Selective Image Guided Network for Depth Completioncited by 12
- 2023Calib-Anything: Zero-training LiDAR-Camera Extrinsic Calibration Method Using Segment Anythingcited by 11
- 2023Digging into Depth Priors for Outdoor Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 11
- 2023RigNet++: Semantic Assisted Repetitive Image Guided Network for Depth Completioncited by 11
- 2025ProtoDepth: Unsupervised Continual Depth Completion with Prototypescited by 11
- 2021S3: Learnable Sparse Signal Superdensity for Guided Depth Estimationcited by 10
- 2022CroMo: Cross-Modal Learning for Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 10
- 2022Struct-MDC: Mesh-Refined Unsupervised Depth Completion Leveraging Structural Regularities from Visual SLAMcited by 10
50 most cited of 140 All 140 (JSON)
- 2026EpiTransfer: Sparse, Training-Free Long-Range Depth Estimation from Temporal Monocular Aerial Frames27 Sep 2026
- 2026Depth-to-Image Synthesis-Driven Generative Unguided Depth Completion5 Sep 2026
- 2026The Multipath Blind Spot: K-Agnostic Robust Calibration for Sparse-Anchor Metric Depth from Frozen Foundations5 Jul 2026
- 2026AnchorD: Metric Grounding of Monocular Depth Using Factor Graphs4 May 2026
- 2026AURORA-KITTI: Any-Weather Depth Completion and Denoising16 Mar 2026
- 2026StreamTTO: Efficient Online Test-Time Optimization for Video Depth Completion2 Mar 2026
- 2026LiFlow: Flow Matching for 3D LiDAR Scene Completion2 Feb 2026
- 2025StarryGazer: Leveraging Monocular Depth Estimation Models for Domain-Agnostic Single Depth Image Completion15 Dec 2025
- 2025Predicting Depth Maps from Single RGB Images and Addressing Missing Information in Depth Estimation22 Sep 2025
- 2025ETA: Energy-based Test-time Adaptation for Depth Completion8 Aug 2025
- 2025Training Self-Supervised Depth Completion Using Sparse Measurements and a Single Image20 Jul 2025
- 2025PacGDC: Label-Efficient Generalizable Depth Completion with Projection Ambiguity and Consistency10 Jul 2025
38 more
- 2025Towards Accurate and Efficient 3D Object Detection for Autonomous Driving: A Mixture of Experts Computing System on Edge5 Jul 2025
- 2025Pow3R: Empowering Unconstrained 3D Reconstruction with Camera and Scene Priors21 Mar 2025
- 2025Radar-Guided Polynomial Fitting for Metric Depth Estimation21 Mar 2025
- 2025ProtoDepth: Unsupervised Continual Depth Completion with Prototypes17 Mar 2025
- 2025Zero-shot Depth Completion via Test-time Alignment with Affine-invariant Depth Prior10 Feb 2025
- 2024Completion as Enhancement: A Degradation-Aware Selective Image Guided Network for Depth Completion26 Dec 2024
- 2024DepthLab: From Partial to Complete24 Dec 2024
- 2024Marigold-DC: Zero-Shot Monocular Depth Completion with Guided Diffusion18 Dec 2024
- 2024LineGS : 3D Line Segment Representation on 3D Gaussian Splatting30 Nov 2024
- 2024Scale Propagation Network for Generalizable Depth Completion24 Oct 2024
- 2024UnCLe: Benchmarking Unsupervised Continual Learning for Depth Completion23 Oct 2024
- 2024SAda-Net: A Self-Supervised Adaptive Stereo Estimation CNN For Remote Sensing Image Data17 Oct 2024
- 2024Refinement of Monocular Depth Maps via Multi-View Differentiable Rendering4 Oct 2024
- 2024Annotation-Free Curb Detection Leveraging Altitude Difference Image30 Sep 2024
- 2024Deep Cost Ray Fusion for Sparse Depth Video Completion23 Sep 2024
- 2024Depth on Demand: Streaming Dense Depth from a Low Frame Rate Active Sensor12 Sep 2024
- 2024DoubleTake: Geometry Guided Depth Estimation26 Jun 2024
- 2024A Two-Stage Masked Autoencoder Based Network for Indoor Depth Completion14 Jun 2024
- 2024Active Stereo in the Wild through Virtual Pattern Projection6 Jun 2024
- 2024SelfReDepth: Self-Supervised Real-Time Depth Restoration for Consumer-Grade Sensors5 Jun 2024
- 2024All-day Depth Completion27 May 2024
- 2024Depth Prompting for Sensor-Agnostic Depth Estimation20 May 2024
- 2024RGB Guided ToF Imaging System: A Survey of Deep Learning-based Methods16 May 2024
- 2024Progressive Depth Decoupling and Modulating for Flexible Depth Completion15 May 2024
- 2024Masked Spatial Propagation Network for Sparsity-Adaptive Depth Refinement30 Apr 2024
- 2024CLFT: Camera-LiDAR Fusion Transformer for Semantic Segmentation in Autonomous Driving27 Apr 2024
- 2024RoofDiffusion: Constructing Roofs from Severely Corrupted Point Data via Diffusion14 Apr 2024
- 2024Tri-Perspective View Decomposition for Geometry-Aware Depth Completion22 Mar 2024
- 2024Scaling Diffusion Models to Real-World 3D LiDAR Scene Completion20 Mar 2024
- 2024Bilateral Propagation Network for Depth Completion17 Mar 2024
- 2024Robust Shape Fitting for 3D Scene Abstraction15 Mar 2024
- 2024Test-Time Adaptation for Depth Completion5 Feb 2024
- 2024A Concise but High-performing Network for Image Guided Depth Completion in Autonomous Driving29 Jan 2024
- 2024An Extensible Framework for Open Heterogeneous Collaborative Perception25 Jan 2024
- 2023Self-Supervised Depth Completion Guided by 3D Perception and Geometry Consistency23 Dec 2023
- 2023NDDepth: Normal-Distance Assisted Monocular Depth Estimation and Completion13 Nov 2023
- 2023G2-MonoDepth: A General Framework of Generalized Depth Inference from Monocular RGB+X Data24 Oct 2023
- 2023AugUndo: Scaling Up Augmentations for Monocular Depth Completion and Estimation15 Oct 2023
50 newest of 140 All 140 (JSON)
- 2023CompletionFormer: Depth Completion with Convolutions and Vision Transformerscited by 93
- 2024An Extensible Framework for Open Heterogeneous Collaborative Perceptioncited by 87
- 2021RigNet: Repetitive Image Guided Network for Depth Completioncited by 80
- 2025Pow3R: Empowering Unconstrained 3D Reconstruction with Camera and Scene Priorscited by 72
- 2021Unsupervised Depth Completion with Calibrated Backprojection Layerscited by 61
- 2024Bilateral Propagation Network for Depth Completioncited by 60
- 2021Radar-Camera Pixel Depth Association for Depth Completioncited by 50
- 2023LRRU: Long-short Range Recurrent Updating Networks for Depth Completioncited by 49
- 2024Tri-Perspective View Decomposition for Geometry-Aware Depth Completioncited by 42
- 2021Depth Completion with Twin Surface Extrapolation at Occlusion Boundariescited by 41
- 2021Sparse Auxiliary Networks for Unified Monocular Depth Prediction and Completioncited by 39
- 2022SuperFusion: Multilevel LiDAR-Camera Fusion for Long-Range HD Map Generationcited by 39
12 most cited of 133 All 133 (JSON)
- 2026EpiTransfer: Sparse, Training-Free Long-Range Depth Estimation from Temporal Monocular Aerial Frames27 Sep 2026
- 2026Depth-to-Image Synthesis-Driven Generative Unguided Depth Completion5 Sep 2026
- 2026The Multipath Blind Spot: K-Agnostic Robust Calibration for Sparse-Anchor Metric Depth from Frozen Foundations5 Jul 2026
- 2026AnchorD: Metric Grounding of Monocular Depth Using Factor Graphs4 May 2026
- 2026AURORA-KITTI: Any-Weather Depth Completion and Denoising16 Mar 2026
- 2026StreamTTO: Efficient Online Test-Time Optimization for Video Depth Completion2 Mar 2026
- 2025StarryGazer: Leveraging Monocular Depth Estimation Models for Domain-Agnostic Single Depth Image Completion15 Dec 2025
- 2025Predicting Depth Maps from Single RGB Images and Addressing Missing Information in Depth Estimation22 Sep 2025
- 2025ETA: Energy-based Test-time Adaptation for Depth Completion8 Aug 2025
- 2025Training Self-Supervised Depth Completion Using Sparse Measurements and a Single Image20 Jul 2025
- 2025PacGDC: Label-Efficient Generalizable Depth Completion with Projection Ambiguity and Consistency10 Jul 2025
- 2025Pow3R: Empowering Unconstrained 3D Reconstruction with Camera and Scene Priors21 Mar 2025
12 newest of 133 All 133 (JSON)