Fast Abstractive Summarization with Reinforce-Selected Sentence Rewriting
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Inspired by how humans summarize long documents, we propose an accurate and fast summarization model that first selects salient sentences and then rewrites them abstractively (i.e., compresses and paraphrases) to generate a concise overall summary. We use a novel sentence-level policy gradient method to bridge the non-differentiable computation between these two neural networks in a hierarchical way, while maintaining language fluency. Empirically, we achieve the new state-of-the-art on all metrics (including human evaluation) on the CNN/Daily Mail dataset, as well as significantly higher abstractiveness scores. Moreover, by first operating at the sentence-level and then the word-level, we enable parallel decoding of our neural generative model that results in substantially faster (10-20x) inference speed as well as 4x faster training convergence than previous long-paragraph encoder-decoder models. We also demonstrate the generalization of our model on the test-only DUC-2002 dataset, where we achieve higher scores than a state-of-the-art model.
Key facts. Cited by 158 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 28 May 2018.
Builds on
No reference list yet.
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2019: 1; 2020: 0; 2021: 76; 2022: 35; 2023: 18; 2024: 17; 2025: 9; 2026: 2.
158 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2021BARTScore: Evaluating Generated Text as Text Generationcited by 722
- 2023Benchmarking Large Language Models for News Summarizationcited by 445
- 2021QMSum: A New Benchmark for Query-based Multi-domain Meeting Summarizationcited by 365
- 2021BookSum: A Collection of Datasets for Long-form Narrative Summarizationcited by 184
- 2021A Token-level Reference-free Hallucination Detection Benchmark for Free-form Text Generationcited by 138
- 2022Understanding Factual Errors in Summarization: Errors, Summarizers, Datasets, Error Detectorscited by 104
- 2022State-of-the-art generalisation research in NLP: A taxonomy and reviewcited by 98
- 2022Evaluating the Factual Consistency of Large Language Models Through News Summarizationcited by 92
- 2023Factually Consistent Summarization via Reinforcement Learning with Textual Entailment Feedbackcited by 72
- 2021Can We Automate Scientific Reviewing?cited by 63
- 2021AdaptSum: Towards Low-Resource Domain Adaptation for Abstractive Summarizationcited by 51
- 2021A Survey on Dialogue Summarization: Recent Advances and New Frontierscited by 51
38 more
- 2022Compilable Neural Code Generation with Compiler Feedbackcited by 47
- 2021Exploring Neural Models for Query-Focused Summarizationcited by 44
- 2021CONFIT: Toward Faithful Dialogue Summarization with Linguistically-Informed Contrastive Fine-tuningcited by 44
- 2022Prompted Opinion Summarization with GPT-3.5cited by 44
- 2021Finding a Balanced Degree of Automation for Summary Evaluationcited by 43
- 2021Automatic Text Evaluation through the Lens of Wasserstein Barycenterscited by 38
- 2021Efficient (Soft) Q-Learning for Text Generation with Limited Good Datacited by 37
- 2021What's in a Summary? Laying the Groundwork for Advances in Hospital-Course Summarizationcited by 35
- 2021Data-to-text Generation with Macro Planningcited by 34
- 2021Coreference-Aware Dialogue Summarizationcited by 34
- 2021DYLE: Dynamic Latent Extraction for Abstractive Long-Input Summarizationcited by 34
- 2021InfoLM: A New Metric to Evaluate Summarization & Data2Text Generationcited by 33
- 2021Bidimensional Leaderboards: Generate and Evaluate Language Hand in Handcited by 32
- 2022Extractive is not Faithful: An Investigation of Broad Unfaithfulness Problems in Extractive Summarizationcited by 32
- 2022Toward Unifying Text Segmentation and Long Document Summarizationcited by 28
- 2021The Summary Loop: Learning to Write Abstractive Summaries Without Examplescited by 27
- 2021Controllable Abstractive Dialogue Summarization with Sketch Supervisioncited by 27
- 2021CSDS: A Fine-Grained Chinese Dataset for Customer Service Dialogue Summarizationcited by 27
- 2021A Survey on Multi-modal Summarizationcited by 26
- 2022Spurious Correlations in Reference-Free Evaluation of Text Generationcited by 26
- 2021RefSum: Refactoring Neural Summarizationcited by 25
- 2021Learning Opinion Summarizers by Selecting Informative Reviewscited by 25
- 2021Towards Faithfulness in Open Domain Table-to-text Generation from an Entity-centric Viewcited by 24
- 2021Long Document Summarization in a Low Resource Setting using Pretrained Language Modelscited by 24
- 2021Long-Span Summarization via Local Attention and Content Selectioncited by 24
- 2021EmailSum: Abstractive Email Thread Summarizationcited by 24
- 2021Topic-Aware Contrastive Learning for Abstractive Dialogue Summarizationcited by 23
- 2021Reinforcement Learning for Abstractive Question Summarization with Question-aware Semantic Rewardscited by 22
- 2021BASS: Boosting Abstractive Summarization with Unified Semantic Graphcited by 21
- 2021Towards Clinical Encounter Summarization: Learning to Compose Discharge Summaries from Prior Notescited by 19
- 2021Low-Resource Dialogue Summarization with Domain-Agnostic Multi-Source Pretrainingcited by 19
- 2021Data Augmentation for Abstractive Query-Focused Multi-Document Summarizationcited by 18
- 2022Counseling Summarization using Mental Health Knowledge Guided Utterance Filteringcited by 18
- 2022An Extractive-and-Abstractive Framework for Source Code Summarizationcited by 18
- 2021A Pseudo-Metric between Probability Distributions based on Depth-Trimmed Regionscited by 17
- 2021Controllable Summarization with Constrained Markov Decision Processcited by 17
- 2024Abstractive Text Summarization: State of the Art, Challenges, and Improvementscited by 17
- 2021Evaluating the Tradeoff Between Abstractiveness and Factuality in Abstractive Summarizationcited by 16
50 most cited of 158 All 158 (JSON)
- 2026LOOMSUM: Weaving Quantitative and Narrative Evidence for Faithful Long Text-Table Summarization31 Aug 2026
- 2026Pioneer Agent: Continual Improvement of Small Language Models in Production10 Apr 2026
- 2025Document Summarization with Conformal Importance Guarantees24 Sep 2025
- 2025A Unifying Scheme for Extractive Content Selection Tasks22 Jul 2025
- 2025GenerationPrograms: Fine-grained Attribution with Executable Programs17 Jun 2025
- 2025Sentence Embeddings as an intermediate target in end-to-end summarisation6 May 2025
- 2025PreSumm: Predicting Summarization Performance Without Summarizing7 Apr 2025
- 2025Towards Graph Foundation Models: A Transferability Perspective12 Mar 2025
- 2025Stick to Facts: Towards Fidelity-oriented Product Description Generation11 Mar 2025
- 2025Behavioral Analysis of Information Salience in Large Language Models20 Feb 2025
- 2025End-to-End Long Document Summarization using Gradient Caching3 Jan 2025
- 2024MARS: Multilingual Aspect-centric Review Summarisation13 Oct 2024
38 more
- 2024Autoregressive Multi-trait Essay Scoring via Reinforcement Learning with Scoring-aware Multiple Rewards26 Sep 2024
- 2024Abstractive Text Summarization: State of the Art, Challenges, and Improvements4 Sep 2024
- 2024Reinforcement Learning without Human Feedback for Last Mile Fine-Tuning of Large Language Models29 Aug 2024
- 2024How to Train Text Summarization Model with Weak Supervisions27 Aug 2024
- 2024Summarization of Investment Reports Using Pre-trained Model3 Aug 2024
- 2024On the Transformations across Reward Model, Parameter Update, and In-Context Prompt24 Jun 2024
- 2024The Power of Summary-Source Alignments2 Jun 2024
- 2024Multi-Dimensional Optimization for Text Summarization via Reinforcement Learning1 Jun 2024
- 2024Select and Summarize: Scene Saliency for Movie Script Summarization4 Apr 2024
- 2024Polarity Calibration for Opinion Summarization2 Apr 2024
- 2024Towards a Robust Retrieval-Based Summarization System29 Mar 2024
- 2024Modeling Unified Semantic Discourse Structure for High-quality Headline Generation23 Mar 2024
- 2024Exploring the Efficacy of Large Language Models in Summarizing Mental Health Counseling Sessions: A Benchmark Study29 Feb 2024
- 2024Benchmarking LLMs on the Semantic Overlap Summarization Task26 Feb 2024
- 2024A Hybrid Strategy for Chat Transcript Summarization2 Feb 2024
- 2024DQNC2S: DQN-based Cross-stream Crisis event Summarizer12 Jan 2024
- 2023Multi-Stage Pre-training Enhanced by ChatGPT for Multi-Scenario Multi-Domain Dialogue Summarization16 Oct 2023
- 2023Surveying the Landscape of Text Summarization with Deep Learning: A Comprehensive Review13 Oct 2023
- 2023Multilingual Natural Language Processing Model for Radiology Reports -- The Summary is all you need!29 Sep 2023
- 2023Reinforcement Learning for Generative AI: A Survey28 Aug 2023
- 2023DRL4Route: A Deep Reinforcement Learning Framework for Pick-up and Delivery Route Prediction30 Jul 2023
- 2023Guidance in Radiology Report Summarization: An Empirical Evaluation and Error Analysis24 Jul 2023
- 2023Echoes from Alexandria: A Large Resource for Multilingual Book Summarization7 Jun 2023
- 2023Efficient and Interpretable Compressive Text Summarisation with Unsupervised Dual-Agent Reinforcement Learning6 Jun 2023
- 2023Factually Consistent Summarization via Reinforcement Learning with Textual Entailment Feedback31 May 2023
- 2023Generating EDU Extracts for Plan-Guided Summary Re-Ranking28 May 2023
- 2023USB: A Unified Summarization Benchmark Across Tasks and Domains23 May 2023
- 2023NLG Evaluation Metrics Beyond Correlation Analysis: An Empirical Metric Preference Checklist15 May 2023
- 2023GEMINI: Controlling the Sentence-level Writing Style for Abstractive Text Summarization7 Apr 2023
- 2023An entity-guided text summarization framework with relational heterogeneous graph neural network7 Feb 2023
- 2023Benchmarking Large Language Models for News Summarization31 Jan 2023
- 2023Graph Attention with Hierarchies for Multi-hop Question Answering27 Jan 2023
- 2023Active Learning for Abstractive Text Summarization9 Jan 2023
- 2023Follow the Timeline! Generating Abstractive and Extractive Timeline Summary in Chronological Order2 Jan 2023
- 2022Improving Faithfulness of Abstractive Summarization by Controlling Confounding Effect of Irrelevant Sentences19 Dec 2022
- 2022Prompted Opinion Summarization with GPT-3.529 Nov 2022
- 2022GoSum: Extractive Summarization of Long Documents by Reinforcement Learning and Graph Organized discourse state18 Nov 2022
- 2022Summarizing Community-based Question-Answer Pairs17 Nov 2022
50 newest of 158 All 158 (JSON)
- 2024Towards a Robust Retrieval-Based Summarization Systemcited by 5
- 2024Towards a Robust Retrieval-Based Summarization System29 Mar 2024
- 2021BARTScore: Evaluating Generated Text as Text Generationcited by 722
- 2023Benchmarking Large Language Models for News Summarizationcited by 445
- 2021QMSum: A New Benchmark for Query-based Multi-domain Meeting Summarizationcited by 365
- 2021BookSum: A Collection of Datasets for Long-form Narrative Summarizationcited by 184
- 2021A Token-level Reference-free Hallucination Detection Benchmark for Free-form Text Generationcited by 138
- 2022Understanding Factual Errors in Summarization: Errors, Summarizers, Datasets, Error Detectorscited by 104
- 2022State-of-the-art generalisation research in NLP: A taxonomy and reviewcited by 98
- 2022Evaluating the Factual Consistency of Large Language Models Through News Summarizationcited by 92
- 2023Factually Consistent Summarization via Reinforcement Learning with Textual Entailment Feedbackcited by 72
- 2021Can We Automate Scientific Reviewing?cited by 63
- 2021AdaptSum: Towards Low-Resource Domain Adaptation for Abstractive Summarizationcited by 51
- 2021A Survey on Dialogue Summarization: Recent Advances and New Frontierscited by 51
12 most cited of 151 All 151 (JSON)
- 2026LOOMSUM: Weaving Quantitative and Narrative Evidence for Faithful Long Text-Table Summarization31 Aug 2026
- 2025Document Summarization with Conformal Importance Guarantees24 Sep 2025
- 2025A Unifying Scheme for Extractive Content Selection Tasks22 Jul 2025
- 2025GenerationPrograms: Fine-grained Attribution with Executable Programs17 Jun 2025
- 2025Sentence Embeddings as an intermediate target in end-to-end summarisation6 May 2025
- 2025PreSumm: Predicting Summarization Performance Without Summarizing7 Apr 2025
- 2025Towards Graph Foundation Models: A Transferability Perspective12 Mar 2025
- 2025Stick to Facts: Towards Fidelity-oriented Product Description Generation11 Mar 2025
- 2025Behavioral Analysis of Information Salience in Large Language Models20 Feb 2025
- 2025End-to-End Long Document Summarization using Gradient Caching3 Jan 2025
- 2024MARS: Multilingual Aspect-centric Review Summarisation13 Oct 2024
- 2024Abstractive Text Summarization: State of the Art, Challenges, and Improvements4 Sep 2024
12 newest of 151 All 151 (JSON)