mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

What's in a Summary? Laying the Groundwork for Advances in Hospital-Course Summarization

arXiv 2105.00816 ↗First posted 12 Apr 2021cs.CLcited by 35

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Abstract (arXiv)

Summarization of clinical narratives is a long-standing research problem. Here, we introduce the task of hospital-course summarization. Given the documentation authored throughout a patient's hospitalization, generate a paragraph that tells the story of the patient admission. We construct an English, text-to-text dataset of 109,000 hospitalizations (2M source notes) and their corresponding summary proxy: the clinician-authored "Brief Hospital Course" paragraph written as part of a discharge note. Exploratory analyses reveal that the BHC paragraphs are highly abstractive with some long extracted fragments; are concise yet comprehensive; differ in style and content organization from the source notes; exhibit minimal lexical cohesion; and represent silver-standard references. Our analysis identifies multiple implications for modeling this complex, multi-document summarization task.

Key facts. Cited by 35 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 62 of its 126 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 12 Apr 2021.

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62 of 126 references.

References · 62

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  4. 2019CheXpert: A Large Chest Radiograph Dataset with Uncertainty Labels and Expert Comparisoncited by 1,410
  5. 2018Don't Give Me the Details, Just the Summary! Topic-Aware Convolutional Neural Networks for Extreme Summarizationcited by 1,308
  6. 2017Get To The Point: Summarization with Pointer-Generator Networkscited by 1,281
  7. 2020BLEURT: Learning Robust Metrics for Text Generationcited by 1,196
  8. 2020On Faithfulness and Factuality in Abstractive Summarizationcited by 895
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  10. 2020SummEval: Re-evaluating Summarization Evaluationcited by 666
  11. 2018A Discourse-Aware Attention Model for Abstractive Summarization of Long Documentscited by 477
  12. 2019Multi-News: a Large-Scale Multi-Document Summarization Dataset and Abstractive Hierarchical Modelcited by 431
38 more
  1. 2015A Neural Attention Model for Abstractive Sentence Summarizationcited by 394
  2. 2018Generating Wikipedia by Summarizing Long Sequencescited by 333
  3. 2018Newsroom: A Dataset of 1.3 Million Summaries with Diverse Extractive Strategiescited by 292
  4. 2020FEQA: A Question Answering Evaluation Framework for Faithfulness Assessment in Abstractive Summarizationcited by 292
  5. 2016SummaRuNNer: A Recurrent Neural Network based Sequence Model for Extractive Summarization of Documentscited by 245
  6. 2019Neural Text Summarization: A Critical Evaluationcited by 189
  7. 2018Bottom-Up Abstractive Summarizationcited by 177
  8. 2021Hurdles to Progress in Long-form Question Answeringcited by 166
  9. 2018Fast Abstractive Summarization with Reinforce-Selected Sentence Rewritingcited by 158
  10. 2019BIGPATENT: A Large-Scale Dataset for Abstractive and Coherent Summarizationcited by 155
  11. 2020Re-evaluating Evaluation in Text Summarizationcited by 144
  12. 2017Faithful to the Original: Fact Aware Neural Abstractive Summarizationcited by 141
  13. 2018Hybrid Retrieval-Generation Reinforced Agent for Medical Image Report Generationcited by 141
  14. 2018Dialogue Natural Language Inferencecited by 135
  15. 2020Ethical Machine Learning in Health Carecited by 112
  16. 2021Robustness Gym: Unifying the NLP Evaluation Landscapecited by 107
  17. 2019Discourse-Aware Neural Extractive Text Summarizationcited by 104
  18. 2019Optimizing the Factual Correctness of a Summary: A Study of Summarizing Radiology Reportscited by 96
  19. 2019Answers Unite! Unsupervised Metrics for Reinforced Summarization Modelscited by 92
  20. 2020Pre-training via Paraphrasingcited by 92
  21. 2017Generating Sentences by Editing Prototypescited by 88
  22. 2020Towards Question-Answering as an Automatic Metric for Evaluating the Content Quality of a Summarycited by 87
  23. 2020Fill in the BLANC: Human-free quality estimation of document summariescited by 80
  24. 2018Multi-Reward Reinforced Summarization with Saliency and Entailmentcited by 73
  25. 2020SUPERT: Towards New Frontiers in Unsupervised Evaluation Metrics for Multi-Document Summarizationcited by 69
  26. 2020Multi-domain Clinical Natural Language Processing with MedCAT: the Medical Concept Annotation Toolkitcited by 66
  27. 2018Content Selection in Deep Learning Models of Summarizationcited by 64
  28. 2019Question Answering as an Automatic Evaluation Metric for News Article Summarizationcited by 63
  29. 2018Learning Neural Templates for Text Generationcited by 61
  30. 2018Neural Document Summarization by Jointly Learning to Score and Select Sentencescited by 56
  31. 2018Learning to Summarize Radiology Findingscited by 54
  32. 2020Dr. Summarize: Global Summarization of Medical Dialogue by Exploiting Local Structurescited by 49
  33. 2018Response Generation by Context-aware Prototype Editingcited by 40
  34. 2019Scoring Sentence Singletons and Pairs for Abstractive Summarizationcited by 34
  35. 2019Ontology-Aware Clinical Abstractive Summarizationcited by 33
  36. 2020Attend to Medical Ontologies: Content Selection for Clinical Abstractive Summarizationcited by 26
  37. 2019Summary Level Training of Sentence Rewriting for Abstractive Summarizationcited by 23
  38. 2019HighRES: Highlight-based Reference-less Evaluation of Summarizationcited by 21

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Citing papers per year: 2022: 6; 2023: 15; 2024: 6; 2025: 3; 2026: 5.

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  1. 2022Summarizing Patients Problems from Hospital Progress Notes Using Pre-trained Sequence-to-Sequence Modelscited by 30
  2. 2023Leveraging Medical Knowledge Graphs Into Large Language Models for Diagnosis Prediction: Design and Application Studycited by 29
  3. 2022Learning to Revise References for Faithful Summarizationcited by 28
  4. 2023PaniniQA: Enhancing Patient Education Through Interactive Question Answeringcited by 21
  5. 2023Beyond Summarization: Designing AI Support for Real-World Expository Writing Taskscited by 20
  6. 2024Overview of the First Shared Task on Clinical Text Generation: RRG24 and "Discharge Me!"cited by 19
  7. 2022Discharge Summary Hospital Course Summarisation of In Patient Electronic Health Record Text with Clinical Concept Guided Deep Pre-Trained Transformer Modelscited by 17
  8. 2023DocLens: Multi-aspect Fine-grained Evaluation for Medical Text Generationcited by 16
  9. 2022A Survey on Medical Document Summarizationcited by 14
  10. 2023A Meta-Evaluation of Faithfulness Metrics for Long-Form Hospital-Course Summarizationcited by 14
  11. 2022Hierarchical Annotation for Building A Suite of Clinical Natural Language Processing Tasks: Progress Note Understandingcited by 13
  12. 2024A dataset and benchmark for hospital course summarization with adapted large language modelscited by 10
23 more
  1. 2023Generating EDU Extracts for Plan-Guided Summary Re-Rankingcited by 9
  2. 2023What are the Desired Characteristics of Calibration Sets? Identifying Correlates on Long Form Scientific Summarizationcited by 8
  3. 2023Retrieving Evidence from EHRs with LLMs: Possibilities and Challengescited by 8
  4. 2024SportsMetrics: Blending Text and Numerical Data to Understand Information Fusion in LLMscited by 8
  5. 2024BioMamba: Domain-Adaptive Biomedical Language Modelscited by 8
  6. 2023A Method to Automate the Discharge Summary Hospital Course for Neurology Patientscited by 6
  7. 2023PULSAR: Pre-training with Extracted Healthcare Terms for Summarising Patients' Problems and Data Augmentation with Black-box Large Language Modelscited by 6
  8. 2024A Data-Centric Approach To Generate Faithful and High Quality Patient Summaries with Large Language Modelscited by 6
  9. 2024SPEER: Sentence-Level Planning of Long Clinical Summaries via Embedded Entity Retrievalcited by 5
  10. 2022Exploring Optimal Granularity for Extractive Summarization of Unstructured Health Records: Analysis of the Largest Multi-Institutional Archive of Health Records in Japancited by 3
  11. 2023Neural Summarization of Electronic Health Recordscited by 3
  12. 2023Clinical Text Deduplication Practices for Efficient Pretraining and Improved Clinical Taskscited by 3
  13. 2023Responsible AI Considerations in Text Summarization Research: A Review of Current Practicescited by 2
  14. 2023Clinical Notes Reveal Physician Fatiguecited by 1
  15. 2025Large Language Model-Based Generation of Discharge Summariescited by 1
  16. 2026From Triage to Discharge: A Survey of NLP Tasks, Methods, and Open Challenges in the Emergency Departmentcited by 1
  17. 2023Is In-hospital Meta-information Useful for Abstractive Discharge Summary Generation?cited by 0
  18. 2025Abstract Meaning Representation for Hospital Discharge Summarizationcited by 0
  19. 2025Leveraging Hierarchical Organization for Medical Multi-document Summarizationcited by 0
  20. 2026Beyond Semantic Similarity: A Component-Wise Evaluation Framework for Medical Question Answering Systems with Health Equity Implicationscited by 0
  21. 2026Graph Alignment Topology as an Inductive Bias for Grounding Detectioncited by 0
  22. 2026Vectors Are Not Neutral: Sensitive-Information Inference from Exported LLM Representations in Summarizationcited by 0
  23. 2026Toward Complete Hospital Discharge Summarization with Abstract Meaning Representationcited by 0