On the State of the Art of Evaluation in Neural Language Models
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Abstract (arXiv)
Ongoing innovations in recurrent neural network architectures have provided a steady influx of apparently state-of-the-art results on language modelling benchmarks. However, these have been evaluated using differing code bases and limited computational resources, which represent uncontrolled sources of experimental variation. We reevaluate several popular architectures and regularisation methods with large-scale automatic black-box hyperparameter tuning and arrive at the somewhat surprising conclusion that standard LSTM architectures, when properly regularised, outperform more recent models. We establish a new state of the art on the Penn Treebank and Wikitext-2 corpora, as well as strong baselines on the Hutter Prize dataset.
Key facts. Cited by 103 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 18 Jul 2017.
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Citing papers per year: 2020: 1; 2021: 35; 2022: 16; 2023: 22; 2024: 15; 2025: 4; 2026: 10.
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