Exploiting Linear Structure Within Convolutional Networks for Efficient Evaluation
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
We present techniques for speeding up the test-time evaluation of large convolutional networks, designed for object recognition tasks. These models deliver impressive accuracy but each image evaluation requires millions of floating point operations, making their deployment on smartphones and Internet-scale clusters problematic. The computation is dominated by the convolution operations in the lower layers of the model. We exploit the linear structure present within the convolutional filters to derive approximations that significantly reduce the required computation. Using large state-of-the-art models, we demonstrate we demonstrate speedups of convolutional layers on both CPU and GPU by a factor of 2x, while keeping the accuracy within 1% of the original model.
Key facts. Cited by 304 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 2 Apr 2014.
Builds on
No reference list yet.
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2021: 69; 2022: 62; 2023: 46; 2024: 39; 2025: 44; 2026: 44.
304 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2021Knowledge distillation: A good teacher is patient and consistentcited by 255
- 2021NeRV: Neural Representations for Videoscited by 255
- 2021Concealed Object Detectioncited by 212
- 2023A Survey on Deep Neural Network Pruning-Taxonomy, Comparison, Analysis, and Recommendationscited by 200
- 2022Language model compression with weighted low-rank factorizationcited by 192
- 2022Beyond Transmitting Bits: Context, Semantics, and Task-Oriented Communicationscited by 166
- 2023ASVD: Activation-aware Singular Value Decomposition for Compressing Large Language Modelscited by 156
- 2024Task Singular Vectors: Reducing Task Interference in Model Mergingcited by 143
- 2022FacT: Factor-Tuning for Lightweight Adaptation on Vision Transformercited by 133
- 2023Structured Pruning for Deep Convolutional Neural Networks: A surveycited by 122
- 2025No Task Left Behind: Isotropic Model Merging with Common and Task-Specific Subspacescited by 90
- 2021Sparse Training via Boosting Pruning Plasticity with Neuroregenerationcited by 83
38 more
- 2021Vision Transformer Pruningcited by 77
- 2023How Deep Neural Networks Learn Compositional Data: The Random Hierarchy Modelcited by 70
- 2022SGD with Large Step Sizes Learns Sparse Featurescited by 66
- 2022Compressing Volumetric Radiance Fields to 1 MBcited by 66
- 2022A Comprehensive Survey on Model Quantization for Deep Neural Networks in Image Classificationcited by 64
- 2021Towards Mixed-Precision Quantization of Neural Networks via Constrained Optimizationcited by 57
- 2022Implicit Regularization Towards Rank Minimization in ReLU Networkscited by 53
- 2021A Survey on Green Deep Learningcited by 52
- 2022Revisiting Random Channel Pruning for Neural Network Compressioncited by 50
- 2022Singular Value Fine-tuning: Few-shot Segmentation requires Few-parameters Fine-tuningcited by 50
- 2022Low-rank lottery tickets: finding efficient low-rank neural networks via matrix differential equationscited by 42
- 2022The Combinatorial Brain Surgeon: Pruning Weights That Cancel One Another in Neural Networkscited by 41
- 2021Revisiting Dynamic Convolution via Matrix Decompositioncited by 35
- 2022Compressed Gastric Image Generation Based on Soft-Label Dataset Distillation for Medical Data Sharingcited by 35
- 2021Compressing Neural Networks: Towards Determining the Optimal Layer-wise Decompositioncited by 33
- 2022Enable Deep Learning on Mobile Devices: Methods, Systems, and Applicationscited by 32
- 2021DECORE: Deep Compression with Reinforcement Learningcited by 29
- 2023Tensor Networks Meet Neural Networks: A Survey and Future Perspectivescited by 29
- 2022Machine Learning for Microcontroller-Class Hardware: A Reviewcited by 28
- 2021Revisiting Discriminator in GAN Compression: A Generator-discriminator Cooperative Compression Schemecited by 23
- 2022Data-Efficient Structured Pruning via Submodular Optimizationcited by 22
- 2023BiBench: Benchmarking and Analyzing Network Binarizationcited by 22
- 2021ChipNet: Budget-Aware Pruning with Heaviside Continuous Approximationscited by 21
- 2021Distilling a Powerful Student Model via Online Knowledge Distillationcited by 21
- 2021L2ight: Enabling On-Chip Learning for Optical Neural Networks via Efficient in-situ Subspace Optimizationcited by 21
- 2022Pruning Neural Networks via Coresets and Convex Geometry: Towards No Assumptionscited by 20
- 2023HALOC: Hardware-Aware Automatic Low-Rank Compression for Compact Neural Networkscited by 20
- 2024Faster and Lighter LLMs: A Survey on Current Challenges and Way Forwardcited by 20
- 2021Scaling Up Exact Neural Network Compression by ReLU Stabilitycited by 19
- 2023LUT-NN: Empower Efficient Neural Network Inference with Centroid Learning and Table Lookupcited by 19
- 2023A Rainbow in Deep Network Black Boxescited by 18
- 2022SGD and Weight Decay Secretly Minimize the Rank of Your Neural Networkcited by 17
- 2023Real-time Neural Network Inference on Extremely Weak Devices: Agile Offloading with Explainable AIcited by 17
- 2021Network Pruning using Adaptive Exemplar Filterscited by 16
- 2022Compression-aware Training of Neural Networks using Frank-Wolfecited by 16
- 2022Exploring Extreme Parameter Compression for Pre-trained Language Modelscited by 15
- 2021Connectivity Matters: Neural Network Pruning Through the Lens of Effective Sparsitycited by 14
- 2021Convolutional Neural Network Compression through Generalized Kronecker Product Decompositioncited by 14
50 most cited of 304 All 304 (JSON)
- 2026Beyond Affine Transformations: A Soft Dominance Layer for Coordinate-Wise Neural Computation30 Sep 2026
- 2026Pre-registered tests of solid-state-physics-inspired LLM compression: a cluster-level negative result at small-language-model scale28 Sep 2026
- 2026Per-Matrix Optimality Is Not Enough: Three-Level Optimization for Low-Rank LLM Compression14 Sep 2026
- 2026Importance-Aware Low-Rank Distillation of Diffusion Transformers4 Sep 2026
- 2026Grassmann--Pl"ucker Parametrization of Convolutional Filter Subspaces: Regularity and Closed Embeddings3 Sep 2026
- 2026Residual Sparsification via Output Importance for Compressing Mixture-of-Experts LLMs1 Sep 2026
- 2026LegoLM: Structured Weight Sharing for Large Language Models9 Aug 2026
- 2026Flash EQ-Linear: Accelerating Equivariant Linear Layers via Group-wise Discrete Fourier Transform23 Jul 2026
- 2026Functional Equivalence and Geometric Diversity in Neural Network Approximations: An Empirical Characterization21 Jul 2026
- 2026SLORR: Simple and Efficient In-Training Low-Rank Regularization9 Jul 2026
- 2026Empirical Minimal-Realisation Compression of Deep Neural Networks via Controllability-Observability Tests5 Jul 2026
- 2026Finding Sparse Subnetworks in One Training Cycle via Progressive Magnitude-Based Pruning10 Jun 2026
38 more
- 2026EinSort: Sorting is All We Need for Tensorizing LLM7 Jun 2026
- 2026Automatically Differentiable Nonlinear Tensor Networks (ADNTNs) for Exponential Parameter Compression of Deep Neural Networks28 May 2026
- 2026Transfer learning RGB models to hyperspectral images with trainable tensor decompositions27 May 2026
- 2026DiBA: Diagonal and Binary Matrix Approximation for Neural Network Weight Compression7 May 2026
- 2026Importance-Guided Basis Selection for Low-Rank Decomposition of Large Language Models2 May 2026
- 2026Learning from Compressed CT: Feature Attention Style Transfer and Structured Factorized Projections for Resource-Efficient Medical Image Analysis1 May 2026
- 2026Hierarchical Spatio-Channel Clustering for Efficient Model Compression in Medical Image Analysis25 Apr 2026
- 2026AI-Enabled Covert Channel Detection in RF Receiver Architectures16 Apr 2026
- 2026Heterogeneous Connectivity in Sparse Networks: Fan-in Profiles, Gradient Hierarchy, and Topological Equilibria12 Apr 2026
- 2026AA-SVD : Anchored and Adaptive SVD for Large Language Model Compression2 Apr 2026
- 2026Amped: Adaptive Multi-stage Non-edge Pruning for Edge Detection29 Mar 2026
- 2026PQuantML: A Tool for End-to-End Hardware-aware Model Compression27 Mar 2026
- 2026Once-for-All Channel Mixers (HYPERTINYPW): Generative Compression for TinyML26 Mar 2026
- 2026LRConv-NeRV: Low Rank Convolution for Efficient Neural Video Compression18 Mar 2026
- 2026CARE: Covariance-Aware and Rank-Enhanced Decomposition for Enabling Multi-Head Latent Attention18 Mar 2026
- 2026NuMuon: Nuclear-Norm-Constrained Muon for Compressible LLM Training4 Mar 2026
- 2026Interpreting and Steering State-Space Models via Activation Subspace Bottlenecks26 Feb 2026
- 2026SPQ: An Ensemble Technique for Large Language Model Compression20 Feb 2026
- 2026Federated Ensemble Learning with Progressive Model Personalization15 Feb 2026
- 2026LoRA-Squeeze: Simple and Effective Post-Tuning and In-Tuning Compression of LoRA Modules11 Feb 2026
- 2026Beyond Student: An Asymmetric Network for Neural Network Inheritance10 Feb 2026
- 2026POP: Online Structural Pruning Enables Efficient Inference of Large Foundation Models6 Feb 2026
- 2026Quantization-Aware Regularizers for Deep Neural Networks Compression3 Feb 2026
- 2026SVD-ViT: Does SVD Make Vision Transformers Attend More to the Foreground?2 Feb 2026
- 2026State Rank Dynamics in Linear Attention LLMs2 Feb 2026
- 2026Post-Training Probability Manifold Correction via Structured SVD Pruning and Self-Referential Distillation30 Jan 2026
- 2026Compressed BC-LISTA via Low-Rank Convolutional Decomposition30 Jan 2026
- 2026Theory of Minimal Weight Perturbations in Deep Networks and its Applications for Low-Rank Activated Backdoor Attacks23 Jan 2026
- 2026Spectral Complex Autoencoder Pruning: A Fidelity-Guided Criterion for Extreme Structured Channel Compression14 Jan 2026
- 2026EdgeLDR: Quaternion Low-Displacement Rank Neural Networks for Edge-Efficient Deep Learning8 Jan 2026
- 2026STResNet & STYOLO : A New Family of Compact Classification and Object Detection Models for MCUs8 Jan 2026
- 2026T3C: Test-Time Tensor Compression with Consistency Guarantees3 Jan 2026
- 2025High-Dimensional Search, Low-Dimensional Solution: Decoupling Optimization from Representation29 Dec 2025
- 2025Element-wise Modulation of Random Matrices for Efficient Neural Layers15 Dec 2025
- 2025Learning Single-Image Super-Resolution in the JPEG Compressed Domain3 Dec 2025
- 2025CompressNAS : A Fast and Efficient Technique for Model Compression using Decomposition12 Nov 2025
- 2025An Efficient Gradient-Aware Error-Bounded Lossy Compressor for Federated Learning7 Nov 2025
- 2025Distribution-Aware Tensor Decomposition for Compression of Convolutional Neural Networks6 Nov 2025
50 newest of 304 All 304 (JSON)
- 2025LatentLLM: Attention-Aware Joint Tensor Compressioncited by 6
- 2025LatentLLM: Attention-Aware Joint Tensor Compression23 May 2025
- 2021Knowledge distillation: A good teacher is patient and consistentcited by 255
- 2021NeRV: Neural Representations for Videoscited by 255
- 2021Concealed Object Detectioncited by 212
- 2023A Survey on Deep Neural Network Pruning-Taxonomy, Comparison, Analysis, and Recommendationscited by 200
- 2022Language model compression with weighted low-rank factorizationcited by 192
- 2022Beyond Transmitting Bits: Context, Semantics, and Task-Oriented Communicationscited by 166
- 2024Task Singular Vectors: Reducing Task Interference in Model Mergingcited by 143
- 2022FacT: Factor-Tuning for Lightweight Adaptation on Vision Transformercited by 133
- 2023Structured Pruning for Deep Convolutional Neural Networks: A surveycited by 122
- 2025No Task Left Behind: Isotropic Model Merging with Common and Task-Specific Subspacescited by 90
- 2021Sparse Training via Boosting Pruning Plasticity with Neuroregenerationcited by 83
- 2021Vision Transformer Pruningcited by 77
12 most cited of 297 All 297 (JSON)
- 2026Beyond Affine Transformations: A Soft Dominance Layer for Coordinate-Wise Neural Computation30 Sep 2026
- 2026Pre-registered tests of solid-state-physics-inspired LLM compression: a cluster-level negative result at small-language-model scale28 Sep 2026
- 2026Per-Matrix Optimality Is Not Enough: Three-Level Optimization for Low-Rank LLM Compression14 Sep 2026
- 2026Grassmann--Pl"ucker Parametrization of Convolutional Filter Subspaces: Regularity and Closed Embeddings3 Sep 2026
- 2026LegoLM: Structured Weight Sharing for Large Language Models9 Aug 2026
- 2026Flash EQ-Linear: Accelerating Equivariant Linear Layers via Group-wise Discrete Fourier Transform23 Jul 2026
- 2026Functional Equivalence and Geometric Diversity in Neural Network Approximations: An Empirical Characterization21 Jul 2026
- 2026SLORR: Simple and Efficient In-Training Low-Rank Regularization9 Jul 2026
- 2026Empirical Minimal-Realisation Compression of Deep Neural Networks via Controllability-Observability Tests5 Jul 2026
- 2026Finding Sparse Subnetworks in One Training Cycle via Progressive Magnitude-Based Pruning10 Jun 2026
- 2026EinSort: Sorting is All We Need for Tensorizing LLM7 Jun 2026
- 2026Automatically Differentiable Nonlinear Tensor Networks (ADNTNs) for Exponential Parameter Compression of Deep Neural Networks28 May 2026
12 newest of 297 All 297 (JSON)