mlsanityData to 19 Oct 2026

Endoscopic and medical 3D reconstruction

189 papers0 this weekHigh confidence in this grouping: the papers form one clear topicHigh confidence in this grouping: the papers form one clear topic · About

Keywords: surgical, reconstruction, endoscopic, gaussian, x-ray

Key facts. Endoscopic and medical 3D reconstruction: 189 papers on arXiv since 2021 (data through 19 Oct 2026). 67 of its 189 mapped papers (35%) cite “Neural Rendering for Stereo 3D Reconstruction of Deformable Tissues in Robotic Surgery” (2022, arXiv 2206.15255). 5 new papers 1 Oct–19 Oct.

What’s new

1 Oct – 19 Oct 2026

5 new papers, 1 Oct – 19 Oct; 0 this week.

  1. Earlier · 5
  2. KFS4LAM: Adaptive KeyFrame Selection with Structure-Aware Mapping for Endoscopic Gaussian Splatting SLAM
  3. Where Should the Gaussians Go? Reusable Label-Aware Allocation for Budget-Constrained Gaussian Splatting of Cinematic CT also fits: 3D Gaussian splatting methods
  4. DoReMe: Dual optimization of Reconstruction and Motion estimation for self-navigated free-breathing abdominal MRI using Gaussian Splatting
  5. AD-GS: Anatomical Density-guided 3D Gaussian Splatting for Sparse-View Dental CBCT Reconstruction
  6. OX-NeRF: 3D X-ray Tomography Reconstruction from Sparse Views Using Implicit Neural Representation also fits: Neural radiance field methods

Foundations

Most cited by papers here

  1. Neural Rendering for Stereo 3D Reconstruction of Deformable Tissues in Robotic Surgery2022cited by 67 here
  2. EndoSurf: Neural Surface Reconstruction of Deformable Tissues with Stereo Endoscope Videos2023cited by 46 here
  3. R2-Gaussian: Rectifying Radiative Gaussian Splatting for Tomographic Reconstruction2024cited by 30 here
  4. Radiative Gaussian Splatting for Efficient X-ray Novel View Synthesis2024cited by 29 here
  5. Structure-Aware Sparse-View X-ray 3D Reconstruction2023cited by 27 here

Lineage

The papers this direction builds on, oldest first.

Each paper on the line cites the one before.

  1. 2021NeuS: Learning Neural Implicit Surfaces by Volume Rendering for Multi-view Reconstructioncited by 13 here
  2. 2022TensoRF: Tensorial Radiance Fieldscited by 18 here
  3. 20233D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Radiance Field Renderingcited by 113 here
  4. 2023Deformable 3D Gaussians for High-Fidelity Monocular Dynamic Scene Reconstructioncited by 15 here
  5. 20234D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Dynamic Scene Renderingcited by 34 here
  6. 2024Radiative Gaussian Splatting for Efficient X-ray Novel View Synthesiscited by 29 here
  7. 2024R2-Gaussian: Rectifying Radiative Gaussian Splatting for Tomographic Reconstructioncited by 30 here
17 more it builds on, not in this chain
  1. 2021Mip-NeRF: A Multiscale Representation for Anti-Aliasing Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 15 here
  2. 2021Endo-Depth-and-Motion: Reconstruction and Tracking in Endoscopic Videos using Depth Networks and Photometric Constraintscited by 24 here
  3. 2021E-DSSR: Efficient Dynamic Surgical Scene Reconstruction with Transformer-based Stereoscopic Depth Perceptioncited by 19 here
  4. 2022MedNeRF: Medical Neural Radiance Fields for Reconstructing 3D-aware CT-Projections from a Single X-raycited by 21 here
  5. 2022NeAT: Neural Adaptive Tomographycited by 15 here
  6. 2022Neural Rendering for Stereo 3D Reconstruction of Deformable Tissues in Robotic Surgerycited by 67 here
  7. 2023HexPlane: A Fast Representation for Dynamic Scenescited by 20 here
  8. 2023EndoSurf: Neural Surface Reconstruction of Deformable Tissues with Stereo Endoscope Videoscited by 46 here
  9. 2023LightNeuS: Neural Surface Reconstruction in Endoscopy using Illumination Declinecited by 13 here
  10. 2023Structure-Aware Sparse-View X-ray 3D Reconstructioncited by 27 here
  11. 2023Efficient Deformable Tissue Reconstruction via Orthogonal Neural Planecited by 13 here
  12. 20233DGR-CT: Sparse-View CT Reconstruction with a 3D Gaussian Representationcited by 16 here
  13. 2024EndoGS: Deformable Endoscopic Tissues Reconstruction with Gaussian Splattingcited by 18 here
  14. 2024Endo-4DGS: Endoscopic Monocular Scene Reconstruction with 4D Gaussian Splattingcited by 24 here
  15. 2024EndoGSLAM: Real-Time Dense Reconstruction and Tracking in Endoscopic Surgeries using Gaussian Splattingcited by 15 here
  16. 20242D Gaussian Splatting for Geometrically Accurate Radiance Fieldscited by 14 here
  17. 2024Deform3DGS: Flexible Deformation for Fast Surgical Scene Reconstruction with Gaussian Splattingcited by 26 here

The 24 most cited of 460.

Browse

30 of 189, ranked 6–35

  1. 6Deform3DGS: Flexible Deformation for Fast Surgical Scene Reconstruction with Gaussian Splatting202426
  2. 7Endo-4DGS: Endoscopic Monocular Scene Reconstruction with 4D Gaussian Splatting202424
  3. 8Endo-Depth-and-Motion: Reconstruction and Tracking in Endoscopic Videos using Depth Networks and Photometric Constraints202124
  4. 9MedNeRF: Medical Neural Radiance Fields for Reconstructing 3D-aware CT-Projections from a Single X-ray202221
  5. 10E-DSSR: Efficient Dynamic Surgical Scene Reconstruction with Transformer-based Stereoscopic Depth Perception202119
  6. 11EndoGS: Deformable Endoscopic Tissues Reconstruction with Gaussian Splatting202418
  7. 123DGR-CT: Sparse-View CT Reconstruction with a 3D Gaussian Representation202316
  8. 13EndoGSLAM: Real-Time Dense Reconstruction and Tracking in Endoscopic Surgeries using Gaussian Splatting202415
  9. 14LightNeuS: Neural Surface Reconstruction in Endoscopy using Illumination Decline202313
  10. 15Efficient Deformable Tissue Reconstruction via Orthogonal Neural Plane202313
All 30
  1. 16EndoGaussian: Real-time Gaussian Splatting for Dynamic Endoscopic Scene Reconstruction202412
  2. 17DDGS-CT: Direction-Disentangled Gaussian Splatting for Realistic Volume Rendering202412
  3. 18Ultra-NeRF: Neural Radiance Fields for Ultrasound Imaging202312
  4. 19Surgical-DINO: Adapter Learning of Foundation Models for Depth Estimation in Endoscopic Surgery202411
  5. 20EndoDAC: Efficient Adapting Foundation Model for Self-Supervised Depth Estimation from Any Endoscopic Camera202410
  6. 21Free-SurGS: SfM-Free 3D Gaussian Splatting for Surgical Scene Reconstruction202410
  7. 22Gaussian Pancakes: Geometrically-Regularized 3D Gaussian Splatting for Realistic Endoscopic Reconstruction20249
  8. 23LGS: A Light-weight 4D Gaussian Splatting for Efficient Surgical Scene Reconstruction20249
  9. 24SurgicalGS: Dynamic 3D Gaussian Splatting for Accurate Robotic-Assisted Surgical Scene Reconstruction20249
  10. 25EndoFlow-SLAM: Real-Time Endoscopic SLAM with Flow-Constrained Gaussian Splatting20258
  11. 26Advancing Dense Endoscopic Reconstruction with Gaussian Splatting-driven Surface Normal-aware Tracking and Mapping20257
  12. 27EndoSparse: Real-Time Sparse View Synthesis of Endoscopic Scenes using Gaussian Splatting20247
  13. 28SurgicalGaussian: Deformable 3D Gaussians for High-Fidelity Surgical Scene Reconstruction20247
  14. 29Implicit Neural Representation in Medical Imaging: A Comparative Survey20236
  15. 30UltraGauss: Ultrafast Gaussian Reconstruction of 3D Ultrasound Volumes20255
  16. 31HFGS: 4D Gaussian Splatting with Emphasis on Spatial and Temporal High-Frequency Components for Endoscopic Scene Reconstruction20245
  17. 32PR-ENDO: Physically Based Relightable Gaussian Splatting for Endoscopy20245
  18. 33SurgTPGS: Semantic 3D Surgical Scene Understanding with Text Promptable Gaussian Splatting20254
  19. 34EndoWave: 4D Gaussian Splatting with Rational Wavelet for Endoscopic Reconstruction20254
  20. 35Efficient EndoNeRF Reconstruction and Its Application for Data-driven Surgical Simulation20244