ClawLoop: Self-Improving Agents via Harness-Native Training Loop
On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Agent skill learning and evolution also fits: General LLM agent frameworks and benchmarks
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Abstract (arXiv)
The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has driven their deployment toward general-purpose harness environments, where LLM-based agents operate in sandbox workspaces and interact directly with file systems and shells. While numerous post-training pipelines exist for tool-use agents, their counterparts for harness-based agents remain scarce and are predominantly one-shot and teacher-dependent: a stronger external model synthesizes tasks and collects trajectories, the target agent is trained once, and evaluation results are consumed by human researchers rather than fed back into the loop. Such pipelines are inherently bounded by the capability of the external model and the scope of human prior, leaving no room for self-improvement. To address these limitations, we propose ClawLoop, a framework that enables self-improving without any external teacher model and with minimal prior dependencies. ClawLoop composes three phases into a self-sustaining cycle: Task Synthesis, which generates a diverse pool of training tasks via two complementary construction routines, applies diagnosis-conditioned difficulty growth followed by both agent-free and agent-based task validation; Training, which updates the agent via SFT and/or RL; and Diagnosis and Feedback, which analyzes the agent's rollout behaviors to produce a capability analysis report that will be used as feedback for task synthesis in the next iteration. Using Qwen3.6-27B as the loop model, ClawLoop yields consistent improvements on SkillsBench, Claw-Eval-Live, and ClawGym-Bench. The iteratively refined tasks are further transferred to smaller-scale Qwen3.5-4B and 9B models with gains across all benchmarks, validating data quality independently of the loop model.
Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Agent skill learning and evolution, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 24 of its 28 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 9 Oct 2026.
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- 2025Agent0: Unleashing Self-Evolving Agents from Zero Data via Tool-Integrated Reasoningcited by 75
- 2026Agent World Model: Infinity Synthetic Environments for Agentic Reinforcement Learningcited by 66
- 2026Claw-Eval: Towards Trustworthy Evaluation of Autonomous Agentscited by 64
- 2026EnvScaler: Scaling Tool-Interactive Environments for LLM Agent via Programmatic Synthesiscited by 63
11 more
- 2025Towards General Agentic Intelligence via Environment Scalingcited by 54
- 2026Agent-World: Scaling Real-World Environment Synthesis for Evolving General Agent Intelligencecited by 54
- 2026WildClawBench: A Benchmark for Real-World, Long-Horizon Agent Evaluationcited by 37
- 2026ClawBench: Can AI Agents Complete Everyday Online Tasks?cited by 33
- 2026ScaleEnv: Scaling Environment Synthesis from Scratch for Generalist Interactive Tool-Use Agent Trainingcited by 32
- 2025AutoForge: Automated Environment Synthesis for Agentic Reinforcement Learningcited by 17
- 2026ResearchClawBench: A Benchmark for End-to-End Autonomous Scientific Researchcited by 17
- 2026ClawGym: A Scalable Framework for Building Effective Claw Agentscited by 15
- 2026Claw-Eval-Live: A Live Agent Benchmark for Evolving Real-World Workflowscited by 13
- 2026LiveClawBench: Benchmarking LLM Agents on Complex, Real-World Assistant Taskscited by 10
- 2026ASTRA: Automated Synthesis of agentic Trajectories and Reinforcement Arenascited by 8
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- 2026SkillAdaptor: Self-Adapting Skills for LLM Agents from Trajectories
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- 2026Grow the Harness, Not the Context: From Strategy-Free Scaffolds to Reusable Specialist Agents