mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Splicing Hints into Reasoning Traces: Learning from Demonstrator Failures

arXiv 2610.13996 ↗First posted 26 Sep 2026cs.LG cs.AIcited by 0

On the map: LLM reasoning → Reinforcement learning for reasoning

Abstract (arXiv)

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards improves mathematical reasoning when a final answer can be checked, but a correct answer does not certify the derivation behind it, and proof problems offer no answer to check. Replacing the check with a reasoning model as an in-loop verifier faces a fundamental obstacle: the policy must already produce occasional correct attempts for any reward to exist, which it may never do at olympiad level. We instead move verification and repair out of the training loop and into offline data generation with SPLICE, a workflow in which a second model, given only a reference solution, edits a reasoning model's traces as they are generated: it verifies progress, truncates a failed trace at its last verified step, and splices in an adaptively strengthened hint until progress resumes. The resulting dataset includes repaired examples whose sampled unaided trajectory failed, with failed continuations removed and progress repeatedly checked against the reference solution. A model finetuned on SPLICE traces outperforms the same model distilled from the reasoning model's unedited traces on AIME and, under a grading protocol validated against human grades, on olympiad proofs. The trained model's own traces show a corresponding behavioral signature: at difficult points it announces a branch in the style of the spliced hints and takes riskier steps, with predictive entropy rising there and just after, a pattern absent from the model trained on unedited traces.

Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Reinforcement learning for reasoning, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 50 of its 93 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 26 Sep 2026.

Builds on

50 of 93 references.

Closest ancestors · 5

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2026KnowRL: Boosting LLM Reasoning via Reinforcement Learning with Minimal-Sufficient Knowledge Guidance14 Apr
  2. 2025ADHint: Adaptive Hints with Difficulty Priors for Reinforcement Learning15 Dec
  3. 2024Generative Verifiers: Reward Modeling as Next-Token Prediction27 Aug
  4. 2023Math-Shepherd: Verify and Reinforce LLMs Step-by-step without Human Annotations14 Dec
  5. 2023RAFT: Reward rAnked FineTuning for Generative Foundation Model Alignment13 Apr

Other references · 45

  1. 2015Distilling the Knowledge in a Neural Networkcited by 10,324
  2. 2021Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problemscited by 10,109
  3. 2024DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Modelscited by 9,379
  4. 2022Self-Consistency Improves Chain of Thought Reasoning in Language Modelscited by 5,708
  5. 2021Measuring Mathematical Problem Solving With the MATH Datasetcited by 5,371
  6. 2023Reflexion: Language Agents with Verbal Reinforcement Learningcited by 4,276
  7. 2025Gemini 2.5: Pushing the Frontier with Advanced Reasoning, Multimodality, Long Context, and Next Generation Agentic Capabilitiescited by 3,796
  8. 2023Self-Refine: Iterative Refinement with Self-Feedbackcited by 3,442
  9. 2023Tree of Thoughts: Deliberate Problem Solving with Large Language Modelscited by 3,211
  10. 2024HybridFlow: A Flexible and Efficient RLHF Frameworkcited by 2,057
  11. 2025s1: Simple test-time scalingcited by 1,341
  12. 2024OlympiadBench: A Challenging Benchmark for Promoting AGI with Olympiad-Level Bilingual Multimodal Scientific Problemscited by 1,136
33 more
  1. 2023Large Language Models Cannot Self-Correct Reasoning Yetcited by 1,017
  2. 2016Sequence-Level Knowledge Distillationcited by 801
  3. 2023Distilling Step-by-Step! Outperforming Larger Language Models with Less Training Data and Smaller Model Sizescited by 737
  4. 2024Self-Rewarding Language Modelscited by 681
  5. 2023RLAIF vs. RLHF: Scaling Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback with AI Feedbackcited by 625
  6. 2025LIMO: Less is More for Reasoningcited by 498
  7. 2024LLMs-as-Judges: A Comprehensive Survey on LLM-based Evaluation Methodscited by 465
  8. 2023Scaling Relationship on Learning Mathematical Reasoning with Large Language Modelscited by 427
  9. 2024Training Language Models to Self-Correct via Reinforcement Learningcited by 426
  10. 2019Learning by Cheatingcited by 383
  11. 2023Beyond Human Data: Scaling Self-Training for Problem-Solving with Language Modelscited by 349
  12. 2022Large Language Models Are Reasoning Teacherscited by 329
  13. 2025MathArena: Evaluating LLMs on Uncontaminated Math Competitionscited by 297
  14. 2025DeepSeek-Prover-V2: Advancing Formal Mathematical Reasoning via Reinforcement Learning for Subgoal Decompositioncited by 287
  15. 2022Teaching Small Language Models to Reasoncited by 284
  16. 2025Goedel-Prover-V2: Scaling Formal Theorem Proving with Scaffolded Data Synthesis and Self-Correctioncited by 154
  17. 2025DeepSeekMath-V2: Towards Self-Verifiable Mathematical Reasoningcited by 94
  18. 2025Proof or Bluff? Evaluating LLMs on 2025 USA Math Olympiadcited by 74
  19. 2025Towards Robust Mathematical Reasoningcited by 73
  20. 2024OlympicArena: Benchmarking Multi-discipline Cognitive Reasoning for Superintelligent AIcited by 71
  21. 2026Rethinking On-Policy Self-Distillation for Thinking Modelscited by 39
  22. 2025The Open Proof Corpus: A Large-Scale Study of LLM-Generated Mathematical Proofscited by 30
  23. 2025Brains vs. Bytes: Evaluating LLM Proficiency in Olympiad Mathematicscited by 24
  24. 2025Reliable Fine-Grained Evaluation of Natural Language Math Proofscited by 18
  25. 2025Shape of Thought: When Distribution Matters More than Correctness in Reasoning Taskscited by 11
  26. 2025ConciseHint: Boosting Efficient Reasoning via Continuous Concise Hints during Generationcited by 10
  27. 2025Large Reasoning Models are not thinking straight: on the unreliability of thinking trajectoriescited by 10
  28. 2026Escaping the Cognitive Well: Efficient Competition Math with Off-the-Shelf Modelscited by 9
  29. 2025Are Large Reasoning Models Interruptible?cited by 7
  30. 2025Achieving Olympiad-Level Geometry Large Language Model Agent via Complexity Boosting Reinforcement Learningcited by 7
  31. 2026QED-Nano: Teaching a Tiny Model to Prove Hard Theoremscited by 3
  32. 2026Beyond Absolute Imitation: Anchored Residual Guidance for Privileged On-Policy Distillationcited by 3
  33. 2026LatentRevise: Learning from Zero-Hit Reasoningcited by 2

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  3. 2026Proof-Carrying Cognition: Closing the Verification Gap with Reality-Settled Reward
  4. 2026Step Potential Advantage Estimation: Harnessing Intermediate Confidence and Correctness for Efficient Mathematical Reasoning
  5. 2026Diagnosing and Correcting Reward Hacking in Verifiable Instruction Following
  6. 2026Correct Answers from Sound Reasoning: Verifiable Process Supervision for Language Models
  7. 2026Scaling Large Reasoning Models beyond Human Supervision: A Path toward Superintelligence
  8. 2025Adaptive Guidance Accelerates Reinforcement Learning of Reasoning Models