SAMI3D-DW: Interactive Segmentation of Any 3D Medical Images

Interactive segmentation of 3D medical images supports quantitative analysis of anatomical structures and disease while allowing users to specify and refine their targets. Despite substantial progress by nnInteractive and VISTA3D, reliable segmentation across diverse clinical targets remains challenging, particularly for complex anatomical structures and the heterogeneous, long-tailed spectrum of pathology. We present SAMI3D-DW V1 (hereafter SAMI3D-DW), an interactive 3D segmentation model trained on Deepwise's large-scale proprietary medical image datasets. We evaluate the model under simulated user interactions on a CT/MR benchmark comprising 4,326 cases from 219 source datasets, spanning 107 anatomical and pathological categories, organized by a medical taxonomy and evaluated with a category-balanced DSC score. SAMI3D-DW achieves the highest category-macro Dice among evaluated methods in both interaction modes. With one point, it scores 0.5756 versus 0.5316 for nnInteractive, the strongest baseline, rising to 0.7771 versus 0.7495 with five points. With bounding-box initialization, the scores are 0.7129 versus 0.6530. After five corrective clicks, SAMI3D-DW reaches 0.8004 versus 0.7868. For radiologists and clinicians, SAMI3D-DW enables segmentation of complex anatomical structures, including intracranial vessel trees on CT and MR angiography, with a few clicks. In a preliminary in-house comparison involving neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), SAMI3D-DW-assisted tumor annotation took minutes per case and approximately one-fifteenth of the time required for manual annotation, highlighting its potential to support volumetric treatment-response assessment.