mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

PRIME: Perception Feedback with Situational Memory Embeddings in VLA Models

arXiv 2609.22040 ↗First posted 18 Sep 2026cs.CV cs.ROcited by 0

On the map: Vision-language-action models → VLA for autonomous driving

Abstract (arXiv)

Current Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models for autonomous driving operate primarily through feedforward inference across the perception--reasoning--planning hierarchy. While modern architectures maintain temporal recurrence within the perceptual module, early perception remains blind to downstream reasoning and navigation goals, processing visual inputs agnostically without prioritizing cues informed by prior decisions. To bridge this gap, this paper introduces PRIME, a learned feedback mechanism that conditions the VLA perceptual queries on a novel Situational Memory. By aggregating latent representations of past perception, reasoning, navigation goals, and predicted behaviors across an L-step window via cross-attention, PRIME enables intent-driven perceptual attention at minimal computational cost, adding only a maximum of 29.7M parameters (0.41% of the 7.3B-parameter base model). Evaluated on the Bench2Drive closed-loop benchmark, PRIME achieves a state-of-the-art Driving Score of 82.47 (+4.73 over ORION) and a Success Rate of 60.00% (+5.38 percentage points), the highest reported Driving Score among published VLAs trained on Think2Drive demonstrations.

Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in VLA for autonomous driving, one of 13 directions in Vision-language-action models. Builds on 16 of its 17 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 18 Sep 2026.

Builds on

16 of 17 references.

Closest ancestors · 3

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2026Generative Scenario Rollouts for End-to-End Autonomous Driving16 Jan
  2. 2025A Survey on Vision-Language-Action Models for Autonomous Driving30 Jun
  3. 2025AutoVLA: A Vision-Language-Action Model for End-to-End Autonomous Driving with Adaptive Reasoning and Reinforcement Fine-Tuning16 Jun

Other references · 13

  1. 2021LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Modelscited by 14,084
  2. 2023RT-2: Vision-Language-Action Models Transfer Web Knowledge to Robotic Controlcited by 2,993
  3. 2017CARLA: An Open Urban Driving Simulatorcited by 2,431
  4. 2017FiLM: Visual Reasoning with a General Conditioning Layercited by 2,286
  5. 2022Planning-oriented Autonomous Drivingcited by 1,068
  6. 2023VAD: Vectorized Scene Representation for Efficient Autonomous Drivingcited by 613
  7. 2023DriveLM: Driving with Graph Visual Question Answeringcited by 527
  8. 2024Bench2Drive: Towards Multi-Ability Benchmarking of Closed-Loop End-To-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 250
  9. 2022Trajectory-guided Control Prediction for End-to-end Autonomous Driving: A Simple yet Strong Baselinecited by 247
  10. 2025ORION: A Holistic End-to-End Autonomous Driving Framework by Vision-Language Instructed Action Generationcited by 177
  11. 2025SimLingo: Vision-Only Closed-Loop Autonomous Driving with Language-Action Alignmentcited by 149
  12. 2023Standing Between Past and Future: Spatio-Temporal Modeling for Multi-Camera 3D Multi-Object Trackingcited by 54
1 more
  1. 2025SpaceDrive: Infusing Spatial Awareness into VLM-based Autonomous Drivingcited by 28

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  1. 2025Vision-Language-Action Models for Autonomous Driving: Past, Present, and Future
  2. 2026UniDriveVLA: Unifying Understanding, Perception, and Action Planning for Autonomous Driving
  3. 2025Impromptu VLA: Open Weights and Open Data for Driving Vision-Language-Action Models
  4. 2025Reasoning-VLA: A Fast and General Vision-Language-Action Reasoning Model for Autonomous Driving
  5. 2026Learning Vision-Language-Action World Models for Autonomous Driving
  6. 2026Teaching Vision-Language-Action Models What to See and Where to Look
  7. 2026Rethinking Language's Role in Efficient VLA for Autonomous Vehicles: Toward Smarter, Trustworthy Driving
  8. 2026Vision-Language-Action Autonomous Driving Agent with Language-based Memory