Fast-FoundationStereo: Real-Time Zero-Shot Stereo Matching
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Abstract (arXiv)
Stereo foundation models achieve strong zero-shot generalization but remain computationally prohibitive for real-time applications. Efficient stereo architectures, on the other hand, sacrifice robustness for speed and require costly per-domain fine-tuning. To bridge this gap, we present Fast-FoundationStereo, a family of architectures that achieve, for the first time, strong zero-shot generalization at real-time frame rate. We employ a divide-and-conquer acceleration strategy with three components: (1) knowledge distillation to compress the hybrid backbone into a single efficient student; (2) blockwise neural architecture search for automatically discovering optimal cost filtering designs under latency budgets, reducing search complexity exponentially; and (3) structured pruning for eliminating redundancy in the iterative refinement module. Furthermore, we introduce an automatic pseudo-labeling pipeline used to curate 1.4M in-the-wild stereo pairs to supplement synthetic training data and facilitate knowledge distillation. The resulting model can run over 10x faster than FoundationStereo while closely matching its zero-shot accuracy, thus establishing a new state-of-the-art among real-time methods. Project page: https://nvlabs.github.io/Fast-FoundationStereo/
Key facts. Cited by 23 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 67 of its 90 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 11 Dec 2025.
Builds on
67 of 90 references.
References · 67
- 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 51,809
- 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 29,915
- 2023Segment Anythingcited by 8,158
- 2023DINOv2: Learning Robust Visual Features without Supervisioncited by 7,764
- 2018MobileNetV2: Inverted Residuals and Linear Bottleneckscited by 4,773
- 2024SAM 2: Segment Anything in Images and Videoscited by 2,784
- 2025VGGT: Visual Geometry Grounded Transformercited by 1,475
- 2024Depth Anything V2cited by 1,385
- 2025DINOv3cited by 1,297
- 2018Regularized Evolution for Image Classifier Architecture Searchcited by 902
- 2015A Large Dataset to Train Convolutional Networks for Disparity, Optical Flow, and Scene Flow Estimationcited by 878
- 2024DROID: A Large-Scale In-The-Wild Robot Manipulation Datasetcited by 801
38 more
- 2019Importance Estimation for Neural Network Pruningcited by 531
- 2018Pyramid Stereo Matching Networkcited by 486
- 2019Cascade Cost Volume for High-Resolution Multi-View Stereo and Stereo Matchingcited by 414
- 2021RAFT-Stereo: Multilevel Recurrent Field Transforms for Stereo Matchingcited by 348
- 2023Faster Segment Anything: Towards Lightweight SAM for Mobile Applicationscited by 345
- 2022Unifying Flow, Stereo and Depth Estimationcited by 270
- 2019Group-wise Correlation Stereo Networkcited by 235
- 2023DepGraph: Towards Any Structural Pruningcited by 202
- 2023Iterative Geometry Encoding Volume for Stereo Matchingcited by 188
- 2023EfficientSAM: Leveraged Masked Image Pretraining for Efficient Segment Anythingcited by 187
- 2025UniDepthV2: Universal Monocular Metric Depth Estimation Made Simplercited by 170
- 2025FoundationStereo: Zero-Shot Stereo Matchingcited by 168
- 2020Hierarchical Neural Architecture Search for Deep Stereo Matchingcited by 166
- 2024Compact Language Models via Pruning and Knowledge Distillationcited by 142
- 2022Attention Concatenation Volume for Accurate and Efficient Stereo Matchingcited by 130
- 2023Structured Pruning for Deep Convolutional Neural Networks: A surveycited by 122
- 2022EdgeNeXt: Efficiently Amalgamated CNN-Transformer Architecture for Mobile Vision Applicationscited by 121
- 2020HITNet: Hierarchical Iterative Tile Refinement Network for Real-time Stereo Matchingcited by 120
- 2019Domain-invariant Stereo Matching Networkscited by 108
- 2024Selective-Stereo: Adaptive Frequency Information Selection for Stereo Matchingcited by 98
- 2025FastVGGT: Training-Free Acceleration of Visual Geometry Transformercited by 93
- 2024Stereo4D: Learning How Things Move in 3D from Internet Stereo Videoscited by 89
- 2018StereoNet: Guided Hierarchical Refinement for Real-Time Edge-Aware Depth Predictioncited by 88
- 2021MobileStereoNet: Towards Lightweight Deep Networks for Stereo Matchingcited by 82
- 2019Blockwisely Supervised Neural Architecture Search with Knowledge Distillationcited by 81
- 2020PCW-Net: Pyramid Combination and Warping Cost Volume for Stereo Matchingcited by 62
- 2024IGEV++: Iterative Multi-range Geometry Encoding Volumes for Stereo Matchingcited by 55
- 2025DEFOM-Stereo: Depth Foundation Model Based Stereo Matchingcited by 51
- 2021Correlate-and-Excite: Real-Time Stereo Matching via Guided Cost Volume Excitationcited by 47
- 2021Bilateral Grid Learning for Stereo Matching Networkscited by 46
- 2024Stereo Anywhere: Robust Zero-Shot Deep Stereo Matching Even Where Either Stereo or Mono Failcited by 45
- 2022GraftNet: Towards Domain Generalized Stereo Matching with a Broad-Spectrum and Task-Oriented Featurecited by 43
- 2023EdgeSAM: Prompt-In-the-Loop Distillation for SAMcited by 40
- 2022ITSA: An Information-Theoretic Approach to Automatic Shortcut Avoidance and Domain Generalization in Stereo Matching Networkscited by 39
- 2024Neural Markov Random Field for Stereo Matchingcited by 38
- 2023Booster: a Benchmark for Depth from Images of Specular and Transparent Surfacescited by 33
- 2020Distilling Optimal Neural Networks: Rapid Search in Diverse Spacescited by 32
- 2024PTQ4SAM: Post-Training Quantization for Segment Anythingcited by 32
50 most cited of 67 All 67 (JSON)
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Citing papers per year: 2026: 23.
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- 2026VIA: Visual Interface Agent for Robot Controlcited by 5
- 2026HarnessVLN: Unifying Training-Free Embodied Navigation through an Agent Harnesscited by 3
- 2026LUCID: Learning Embodiment-Agnostic Intent Models from Unstructured Human Videos for Scalable Dexterous Robot Skill Acquisitioncited by 2
- 2026StereoPolicy: Improving Robotic Manipulation Policies via Stereo Perceptioncited by 1
- 2026SCARED-C: Corrected Camera Poses for Endoscopic Depth Estimationcited by 1
- 2026See like a Robot: Robot-Centric Pointmaps for VLA Modelscited by 1
- 2026OmniRobotHome: A Multi-Camera Home Platform for Real-Time Human-Robot Interactioncited by 0
- 2026H-OmniStereo: Zero-Shot Omnidirectional Stereo Matching with Heading-Aligned Normal Priorscited by 0
- 2026LadderMan: Learning Humanoid Perceptive Ladder Climbingcited by 0
- 2026Mana: Dexterous Manipulation of Articulated Toolscited by 0
- 2026StereoFactory: A Unified Merging Framework for Robust Stereo Matchingcited by 0
- 2026Lite Any Stereo V2: Faster and Stronger Efficient Zero-Shot Stereo Matchingcited by 0
11 more
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- 2026URS-Stereo: Uncertainty-Guided Residual Search for Real-Time Stereo Matchingcited by 0
- 2026WAVE-Stereo: Warp-Aligned Volume Encoding for Stereo Matchingcited by 0
- 2026RayLift: Lifting Complementary Ray-Wise Evidence with 3D Geometry Priors for Semantic Scene Completioncited by 0
- 2026NBS: No Bias Stereocited by 0
- 2026Physico-Geospatial Grounded Scene Interpretation for Mobile Roboticscited by 0
- 2026Visuomotor Robotic Pruning in Planar Orchards Using Hybrid Reinforcement Learningcited by 0
- 2026JAMB: Joint Action-Motion Diffusion for Bimanual Manipulationcited by 0
- 2026An Empirical Study on What Matters for Viewpoint-Generalizable Policies in Visual Imitation Learningcited by 0
- 2026Counterfactual Video Generation Enables Scalable Humanoid Loco-Manipulationcited by 0
- 2026StereoGaussians: Feed-Forward 3D Gaussian Splatting from Stereo Imagescited by 0
- 2026StereoGaussians: Feed-Forward 3D Gaussian Splatting from Stereo Images29 Sep 2026
- 2026Counterfactual Video Generation Enables Scalable Humanoid Loco-Manipulation29 Sep 2026
- 2026An Empirical Study on What Matters for Viewpoint-Generalizable Policies in Visual Imitation Learning26 Sep 2026
- 2026JAMB: Joint Action-Motion Diffusion for Bimanual Manipulation21 Sep 2026
- 2026Visuomotor Robotic Pruning in Planar Orchards Using Hybrid Reinforcement Learning21 Sep 2026
- 2026HarnessVLN: Unifying Training-Free Embodied Navigation through an Agent Harness14 Sep 2026
- 2026Physico-Geospatial Grounded Scene Interpretation for Mobile Robotics6 Sep 2026
- 2026NBS: No Bias Stereo28 Aug 2026
- 2026RayLift: Lifting Complementary Ray-Wise Evidence with 3D Geometry Priors for Semantic Scene Completion9 Aug 2026
- 2026WAVE-Stereo: Warp-Aligned Volume Encoding for Stereo Matching15 Jul 2026
- 2026See like a Robot: Robot-Centric Pointmaps for VLA Models13 Jul 2026
- 2026VIA: Visual Interface Agent for Robot Control13 Jul 2026
11 more
- 2026URS-Stereo: Uncertainty-Guided Residual Search for Real-Time Stereo Matching7 Jul 2026
- 2026SILO: Simulation-in-the-Loop Sim-to-Real Transfer for Multi-Stage Cable Routing6 Jul 2026
- 2026Lite Any Stereo V2: Faster and Stronger Efficient Zero-Shot Stereo Matching23 Jun 2026
- 2026StereoFactory: A Unified Merging Framework for Robust Stereo Matching16 Jun 2026
- 2026Mana: Dexterous Manipulation of Articulated Tools11 Jun 2026
- 2026LUCID: Learning Embodiment-Agnostic Intent Models from Unstructured Human Videos for Scalable Dexterous Robot Skill Acquisition10 Jun 2026
- 2026LadderMan: Learning Humanoid Perceptive Ladder Climbing4 Jun 2026
- 2026SCARED-C: Corrected Camera Poses for Endoscopic Depth Estimation15 May 2026
- 2026H-OmniStereo: Zero-Shot Omnidirectional Stereo Matching with Heading-Aligned Normal Priors14 May 2026
- 2026StereoPolicy: Improving Robotic Manipulation Policies via Stereo Perception11 May 2026
- 2026OmniRobotHome: A Multi-Camera Home Platform for Real-Time Human-Robot Interaction30 Apr 2026
- 2026See like a Robot: Robot-Centric Pointmaps for VLA Modelscited by 1
- 2026See like a Robot: Robot-Centric Pointmaps for VLA Models13 Jul 2026
- 2026VIA: Visual Interface Agent for Robot Controlcited by 5
- 2026VIA: Visual Interface Agent for Robot Control13 Jul 2026
- 2026LUCID: Learning Embodiment-Agnostic Intent Models from Unstructured Human Videos for Scalable Dexterous Robot Skill Acquisitioncited by 2
- 2026SCARED-C: Corrected Camera Poses for Endoscopic Depth Estimationcited by 1
- 2026OmniRobotHome: A Multi-Camera Home Platform for Real-Time Human-Robot Interactioncited by 0
- 2026H-OmniStereo: Zero-Shot Omnidirectional Stereo Matching with Heading-Aligned Normal Priorscited by 0
- 2026LadderMan: Learning Humanoid Perceptive Ladder Climbingcited by 0
- 2026Mana: Dexterous Manipulation of Articulated Toolscited by 0
- 2026StereoFactory: A Unified Merging Framework for Robust Stereo Matchingcited by 0
- 2026Lite Any Stereo V2: Faster and Stronger Efficient Zero-Shot Stereo Matchingcited by 0
- 2026SILO: Simulation-in-the-Loop Sim-to-Real Transfer for Multi-Stage Cable Routingcited by 0
- 2026URS-Stereo: Uncertainty-Guided Residual Search for Real-Time Stereo Matchingcited by 0
- 2026WAVE-Stereo: Warp-Aligned Volume Encoding for Stereo Matchingcited by 0
- 2026RayLift: Lifting Complementary Ray-Wise Evidence with 3D Geometry Priors for Semantic Scene Completioncited by 0
12 most cited of 17 All 17 (JSON)
- 2026StereoGaussians: Feed-Forward 3D Gaussian Splatting from Stereo Images29 Sep 2026
- 2026Counterfactual Video Generation Enables Scalable Humanoid Loco-Manipulation29 Sep 2026
- 2026Visuomotor Robotic Pruning in Planar Orchards Using Hybrid Reinforcement Learning21 Sep 2026
- 2026Physico-Geospatial Grounded Scene Interpretation for Mobile Robotics6 Sep 2026
- 2026NBS: No Bias Stereo28 Aug 2026
- 2026RayLift: Lifting Complementary Ray-Wise Evidence with 3D Geometry Priors for Semantic Scene Completion9 Aug 2026
- 2026WAVE-Stereo: Warp-Aligned Volume Encoding for Stereo Matching15 Jul 2026
- 2026URS-Stereo: Uncertainty-Guided Residual Search for Real-Time Stereo Matching7 Jul 2026
- 2026SILO: Simulation-in-the-Loop Sim-to-Real Transfer for Multi-Stage Cable Routing6 Jul 2026
- 2026Lite Any Stereo V2: Faster and Stronger Efficient Zero-Shot Stereo Matching23 Jun 2026
- 2026StereoFactory: A Unified Merging Framework for Robust Stereo Matching16 Jun 2026
- 2026Mana: Dexterous Manipulation of Articulated Tools11 Jun 2026
12 newest of 17 All 17 (JSON)