Not All Transitions Matter: Evidence from PPO
On the map: Deep reinforcement learning methods → Deep RL algorithms and representations
Abstract (arXiv)
Training a reinforcement learning agent on-policy means collecting fresh experience at every update, and that experience comes with a hidden problem. Each state in a rollout is the direct output of the previous one, causally chained together by the agent's own actions. Because of this, consecutive transitions are never truly independent. They carry overlapping information, and the gradient signal the network receives ends up far more repetitive than the batch size suggests. The same directions get reinforced over and over, the value network struggles to keep up as the policy shifts, and training becomes quietly unstable in ways that reward curves alone rarely reveal. This paper asks whether that redundancy can simply be removed. We show that randomly dropping a fixed fraction of transitions from the rollout, at the right stage so the reward signal stays intact, is enough to break the repetitive gradient structure and stabilize training. The change is minimal: one sampling step, no new components, no modification to the core algorithm, and it works with any PPO implementation. Across five environments of increasing difficulty, CartPole-v1, Acrobot-v1, LunarLander-v2, HalfCheetah-v5, and Hopper-v5, the method matches vanilla PPO on reward while producing more consistent training dynamics across KL divergence, policy entropy, and value estimates. Dropping 25% of transitions turns out to be the sweet spot: enough to disrupt the redundancy, not enough to thin the batch.
Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Deep RL algorithms and representations, one of 15 directions in Deep reinforcement learning methods. Builds on 8 of its 10 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 22 May 2026.
Builds on
8 of 10 references.
References · 8
- 2017Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithmscited by 15,215
- 2020Phasic Policy Gradientcited by 123
- 2021Generalized Proximal Policy Optimization with Sample Reusecited by 40
- 2024SAPG: Split and Aggregate Policy Gradientscited by 21
- 2021Action Redundancy in Reinforcement Learningcited by 9
- 2021PTR-PPO: Proximal Policy Optimization with Prioritized Trajectory Replaycited by 9
- 2023Colored Noise in PPO: Improved Exploration and Performance through Correlated Action Samplingcited by 8
- 2023On-Policy Policy Gradient Reinforcement Learning Without On-Policy Samplingcited by 6
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- 2026EasyPPO: Stabilizing the Critic Is Key
- 2024No Representation, No Trust: Connecting Representation, Collapse, and Trust Issues in PPO
- 2026Fine-Tuning on Self-Generated and Reward-Weighted Data: Learning Dynamics, Convergence Rates, and Benefits of Off-Policyness
- 2026On Training in Imagination
- 2026Mode-Dependent Rectification for Stable PPO Training
- 2026Position: Deployed Reinforcement Learning should be Continual
- 2026Rethinking the Suitability of Reinforcement Learning Algorithms Under Practical Transfer Constraints
- 2026Trust the Batch, On- or Off-Policy: Adaptive Policy Optimization for RL Post-Training