mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Skill Retrieval Augmentation for Agentic AI

arXiv 2604.24594 ↗First posted 27 Apr 2026cs.CL cs.AIcited by 41

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Agent skill learning and evolution

Abstract (arXiv)

As large language models (LLMs) evolve into agentic problem solvers, they increasingly rely on external, reusable skills to handle tasks beyond their native parametric capabilities. In existing agent systems, the dominant strategy for incorporating skills is to explicitly enumerate available skills within the context window. However, this strategy fails to scale: as skill corpora expand, context budgets are consumed rapidly, and the agent becomes markedly less accurate in identifying the right skill. To this end, this paper formulates Skill Retrieval Augmentation (SRA), a new paradigm in which agents dynamically retrieve, incorporate, and apply relevant skills from large external skill corpora on demand. To make this problem measurable, we construct a large-scale skill corpus and introduce SRA-Bench, the first benchmark for decomposed evaluation of the full SRA pipeline, covering skill retrieval, skill incorporation, and end-task execution. SRA-Bench contains 5,400 capability-intensive test instances and 636 manually constructed gold skills, which are mixed with web-collected distractor skills to form a large-scale corpus of 26,262 skills. Extensive experiments show that retrieval-based skill augmentation can substantially improve agent performance, validating the promise of the paradigm. At the same time, we uncover a fundamental gap in skill incorporation: current LLM agents tend to load skills at similar rates, regardless of whether a gold skill is retrieved or whether the task actually requires external capabilities. This shows that the bottleneck in skill augmentation lies not only in retrieval but also in the base model's ability to determine which skill to load and when external loading is actually needed. These findings position SRA as a distinct research problem and establish a foundation for the scalable augmentation of capabilities in future agent systems.

Key facts. Cited by 41 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Agent skill learning and evolution, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 42 of its 58 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 27 Apr 2026.

Builds on

42 of 58 references.

Closest ancestors · 2

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2026SkillsBench: Benchmarking How Well Agent Skills Work Across Diverse Tasks13 Feb
  2. 2026Agent Skills: A Data-Driven Analysis of Claude Skills for Extending Large Language Model Functionality8 Feb

Other references · 40

  1. 2024The Llama 3 Herd of Modelscited by 14,192
  2. 2020Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Taskscited by 9,160
  3. 2022ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Modelscited by 8,355
  4. 2025Qwen3 Technical Reportcited by 8,195
  5. 2023Toolformer: Language Models Can Teach Themselves to Use Toolscited by 4,072
  6. 2023A Survey on Large Language Model based Autonomous Agentscited by 2,203
  7. 2023Voyager: An Open-Ended Embodied Agent with Large Language Modelscited by 2,081
  8. 2023ToolLLM: Facilitating Large Language Models to Master 16000+ Real-world APIscited by 1,880
  9. 2024From Local to Global: A Graph RAG Approach to Query-Focused Summarizationcited by 1,411
  10. 2025Search-R1: Training LLMs to Reason and Leverage Search Engines with Reinforcement Learningcited by 1,371
  11. 2023Gorilla: Large Language Model Connected with Massive APIscited by 1,302
  12. 2021Unsupervised Dense Information Retrieval with Contrastive Learningcited by 1,203
28 more
  1. 2023HuggingGPT: Solving AI Tasks with ChatGPT and its Friends in Hugging Facecited by 1,173
  2. 2023C-Pack: Packed Resources For General Chinese Embeddingscited by 556
  3. 2024BigCodeBench: Benchmarking Code Generation with Diverse Function Calls and Complex Instructionscited by 527
  4. 2023Active Retrieval Augmented Generationcited by 506
  5. 2023Is ChatGPT Good at Search? Investigating Large Language Models as Re-Ranking Agentscited by 356
  6. 2023ToolQA: A Dataset for LLM Question Answering with External Toolscited by 273
  7. 2023TheoremQA: A Theorem-driven Question Answering datasetcited by 189
  8. 2022MRKL Systems: A modular, neuro-symbolic architecture that combines large language models, external knowledge sources and discrete reasoningcited by 153
  9. 2024Unsupervised Real-Time Hallucination Detection based on the Internal States of Large Language Modelscited by 84
  10. 2024LogicBench: Towards Systematic Evaluation of Logical Reasoning Ability of Large Language Modelscited by 67
  11. 2024MedCalc-Bench: Evaluating Large Language Models for Medical Calculationscited by 64
  12. 2024DRAGIN: Dynamic Retrieval Augmented Generation based on the Information Needs of Large Language Modelscited by 63
  13. 2025MemoryBench: A Benchmark for Memory and Continual Learning in LLM Systemscited by 56
  14. 2022An Analysis of Fusion Functions for Hybrid Retrievalcited by 49
  15. 2024CHAMP: A Competition-level Dataset for Fine-Grained Analyses of LLMs' Mathematical Reasoning Capabilitiescited by 43
  16. 2025Parametric Retrieval Augmented Generationcited by 38
  17. 2024Scaling Laws For Dense Retrievalcited by 28
  18. 2025RbFT: Robust Fine-tuning for Retrieval-Augmented Generation against Retrieval Defectscited by 27
  19. 2024Knowledge Editing through Chain-of-Thoughtcited by 26
  20. 2025Dynamic Parametric Retrieval Augmented Generation for Test-time Knowledge Enhancementcited by 24
  21. 2025JuDGE: Benchmarking Judgment Document Generation for Chinese Legal Systemcited by 18
  22. 2025SurGE: A Benchmark and Evaluation Framework for Scientific Survey Generationcited by 14
  23. 2025Joint Evaluation of Answer and Reasoning Consistency for Hallucination Detection in Large Reasoning Modelscited by 13
  24. 2025Decoupling Reasoning and Knowledge Injection for In-Context Knowledge Editingcited by 12
  25. 2025Towards Unification of Hallucination Detection and Fact Verification for Large Language Modelscited by 2
  26. 2026Multi-Field Tool Retrievalcited by 2
  27. 2026Improve Large Language Model Systems with User Logscited by 1
  28. 2026Analytical Searchcited by 1

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 41.

41 papers.

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  1. 2026A Comprehensive Survey on Agent Skills: Taxonomy, Techniques, and Applicationscited by 17
  2. 2026SkCC: Portable and Secure Skill Compilation for Cross-Framework LLM Agentscited by 7
  3. 2026WikiSkill: Compiling Agent Experience into Persistent Knowledge for Skill Evolutioncited by 7
  4. 2026SKILLC: Learning Autonomous Skill Internalization in LLM Agents via Contrastive Credit Assignmentcited by 6
  5. 2026Skill Is Not Document: Query-Conditioned Compatibility for LLM Agent Skill Routingcited by 6
  6. 2026Agent Skill Evaluation and Evolution: Frameworks and Benchmarkscited by 6
  7. 2026Dynamic Agent Skills: A Lifecycle Survey and Taxonomy of Evolving Skill Librariescited by 6
  8. 2026Enhancing Judgment Document Generation via Agentic Legal Information Collection and Rubric-Guided Optimizationcited by 5
  9. 2026Generative Skill Composition for LLM Agentscited by 5
  10. 2026Right Family, Wrong Skill: Evaluating Risk Exposure in Agent Skill Retrievalcited by 4
  11. 2026Task Decomposition-Guided Reranking for Adaptive Agent Skill Retrievalcited by 4
  12. 2026SkillSight: Calibrating Generic Content Bias for Skill Retrievalcited by 4
29 more
  1. 2026Field-Aware Agent Skill Retrievalcited by 4
  2. 2026Benchmarking LLM-as-a-Judge for Long-Form Output Evaluationcited by 3
  3. 2026Not All Skills Help: Measuring and Repairing Agent Knowledgecited by 3
  4. 2026SkillReason: Reasoning-Enhanced Agent Skill Retrieval for Implicit User Requestscited by 2
  5. 2026From Relevance to Execution Utility: Reward-Aware Dynamic Execution Gating for Skill-Based LLM Agentscited by 2
  6. 2026When Tool-Backed Skill Retrieval Fails: Source-Style Collapse in Executable Capability Retrievalcited by 2
  7. 2026Optimal Skill Selection for LLM Agents with Provable Bicriteria Guaranteescited by 2
  8. 2026Beyond Task-Only Matching: Personalized Skill Routing with Counterfactual Evaluationcited by 2
  9. 2026Skill or Skip? Learning Selective Skill Invocation in Agentic Tasks via Dual-Granularity Preference Learningcited by 1
  10. 2026Adaptive Multi-Resolution Procedural Knowledge Compression for Large Language Modelscited by 1
  11. 2026SkillTrace: Traversing a Query-Skill Graph for Composable LLM Agentscited by 1
  12. 2026SkillZip: Contract-Preserving Graph Compression for Scalable Agent Skill Librariescited by 1
  13. 2026SkillAligner: Treating Retrieved Skills as Adaptable Drafts at Execution Timecited by 1
  14. 2026SkillGate: Training In-Policy Skill Selection in Long-Horizon Agentscited by 1
  15. 2026The Router Within: Eliciting Native Skill Routing from a Frozen LLMcited by 1
  16. 2026Decoupled Mixture-of-Experts for Parametric Knowledge Injectioncited by 0
  17. 2026Retrievable Gradients: Continual Post-Training Without Cumulative Weight Driftcited by 0
  18. 2026RWGBench: Evaluating Scholarly Positioning in Related Work Generationcited by 0
  19. 2026Grounded verification of chemical and materials reasoning: detection is the bottleneckcited by 0
  20. 2026HydroAgent: Formalizing Forecaster Expertise into Skill-Orchestrated Flood Forecasting Workflowscited by 0
  21. 2026InsightEmb: Learning Action-Intent Embeddings for Agentic Insight Retrievalcited by 0
  22. 2026Long SKILL Compliance as Logical Reasoning: Closure-Grounded Detection with Scaling-Guided On-Policy Distillationcited by 0
  23. 2026Coalition-Aware Skill Reliability for Self-Evolving Agentscited by 0
  24. 2026Towards a Systems Foundation for Agentic Skills: Architecture, Lifecycle, and Securitycited by 0
  25. 2026COBRA-Skills: Contextual Bandit-Guided Evolution for Agent Skill Optimizationcited by 0
  26. 2026A Wrong Turn Does Not Ruin the Journey: Deviation-Guided Skill Self-Evolution for LLM Agentscited by 0
  27. 2026When Does a Skill Add Value? Task-Conditional Gain Prediction for Selective Skill Usecited by 0
  28. 2026ATTUNER: Recomputation-Free KV Cache Reuse via Query-Side Adaptationcited by 0
  29. 2026Retrieval-Augmented Skill Optimization via Cross-Harness Adaptationcited by 0

Similar, not cited

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  1. 2025SkillFlow: Scalable and Efficient Agent Skill Retrieval System
  2. 2026SkillRAE: Agent Skill-Based Context Compilation for Retrieval-Augmented Execution
  3. 2026SkillRet: A Large-Scale Benchmark for Skill Retrieval in LLM Agents
  4. 2026SkillApt: Learning When to Activate Agent Skills from Counterfactual Evidence
  5. 2026CaSKG: Counterfactual-Causal Skill Graphs for Scalable Agent Skill Retrieval
  6. 2026Imagine Before Retrieval: Prospective Skill Retrieval for LLM Agents
  7. 2026Graph-of-Skills: Dependency-Aware Structural Retrieval for Massive Agent Skills
  8. 2026SkillCorpus: Consolidating and Evaluating the Open Skill Ecosystem for Real-World LLM Agents