Prioritizing the Best: Incentivizing Reliable Multimodal Reasoning by Rewarding Beyond Answer Correctness
On the map: LLM reasoning → Multimodal reasoning
Abstract (arXiv)
Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) improves multimodal reasoning by rewarding verifiable final answers. Yet answer-correct trajectories may still rely on incomplete derivations, weak evidence, or statements that contradict their conclusions. This gap between answer correctness and reasoning validity, which we call reasoning-answer inconsistency, motivates trajectory supervision in multimodal RL. We compare two main approaches: reward models (RMs), and Generative Rewards (GRs). RMs are efficient and help early in training, but their gains weaken as the policy distribution shifts; GRs improve performance, but may give unstable rewards and computationally expensive. We therefore propose Groupwise Ranking Reward, which ranks verifier-passed trajectories for the same prompt in one pass and redistributes reward accordingly. Groupwise comparison better separates stronger and weaker correct trajectories with lower judge overhead than GRs. Experiments show that RLVR aggravates reasoning-answer inconsistency, while trajectory supervision alleviates it. Groupwise Ranking Reward performs best overall, improving reliability-conditioned accuracy from 47.4% to 54.7% over RLVR.
Key facts. Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Multimodal reasoning, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 28 of its 35 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 20 Apr 2026.
Builds on
28 of 35 references.
Closest ancestors · 12
Same direction, newest first
- 2025OpenMMReasoner: Pushing the Frontiers for Multimodal Reasoning with an Open and General Recipe20 Nov
- 2025Enhancing the Outcome Reward-based RL Training of MLLMs with Self-Consistency Sampling13 Nov
- 2025AutoRubric: Rubric-Based Generative Rewards for Faithful Multimodal Reasoning16 Oct
- 2025Answer-Consistent Chain-of-thought Reinforcement Learning For Multi-modal Large Langauge Models11 Oct
- 2025Training Vision-Language Process Reward Models for Test-Time Scaling in Multimodal Reasoning: Key Insights and Lessons Learned27 Sep
- 2025InternVL3.5: Advancing Open-Source Multimodal Models in Versatility, Reasoning, and Efficiency25 Aug
- 2025GM-PRM: A Generative Multimodal Process Reward Model for Multimodal Mathematical Reasoning6 Aug
- 2025Open Vision Reasoner: Transferring Linguistic Cognitive Behavior for Visual Reasoning7 Jul
- 2025GRPO-CARE: Consistency-Aware Reinforcement Learning for Multimodal Reasoning19 Jun
- 2025TACO: Think-Answer Consistency for Optimized Long-Chain Reasoning and Efficient Data Learning via Reinforcement Learning in LVLMs27 May
- 2025VL-Rethinker: Incentivizing Self-Reflection of Vision-Language Models with Reinforcement Learning10 Apr
- 2024Measuring Multimodal Mathematical Reasoning with MATH-Vision Dataset22 Feb
Other references · 16
- 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,712
- 2022Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 12,302
- 2021Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problemscited by 9,743
- 2024DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Modelscited by 8,851
- 2023Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arenacited by 8,393
- 2025DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learningcited by 6,146
- 2025Qwen2.5-VL Technical Reportcited by 5,418
- 2023Let's Verify Step by Stepcited by 3,598
- 2024A Survey on LLM-as-a-Judgecited by 1,384
- 2023Math-Shepherd: Verify and Reinforce LLMs Step-by-step without Human Annotationscited by 895
- 2022Solving math word problems with process- and outcome-based feedbackcited by 871
- 2024Self-Rewarding Language Modelscited by 654
4 more
- 2024MMMU-Pro: A More Robust Multi-discipline Multimodal Understanding Benchmarkcited by 494
- 2025Crossing the Reward Bridge: Expanding RL with Verifiable Rewards Across Diverse Domainscited by 150
- 2024Permutative Preference Alignment from Listwise Ranking of Human Judgmentscited by 7
- 2026From Absolute to Relative: Rethinking Reward Shaping in Group-Based Reinforcement Learningcited by 3
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 2.
2 papers.
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2025Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards Implicitly Incentivizes Correct Reasoning in Base LLMs
- 2026CORA: Analyzing and bridging thinking-answer gap in Multimodal RLVR via Consistency-Oriented Reasoning Alignment
- 2026Outcome Rewards Do Not Guarantee Verifiable or Causally Important Reasoning
- 2026StructReward: Efficient Structured Process Rewards for Self-Correcting Multimodal Reasoning
- 2025Beyond Correctness: Harmonizing Process and Outcome Rewards through RL Training
- 2026SCOPE-RL: Optimizing Reasoning Paths Before and After Success
- 2025From Faithfulness to Correctness: Generative Reward Models that Think Critically
- 2025Self-Aligned Reward: Towards Effective and Efficient Reasoners