mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

AgentV-RL: Scaling Reward Modeling with Agentic Verifier

arXiv 2604.16004 ↗First posted 17 Apr 2026cs.CL cs.AIcited by 12

On the map: LLM reasoning → Reasoning for agents, planning and code

also in 2 more
Abstract (arXiv)

Verifiers have been demonstrated to enhance LLM reasoning via test-time scaling (TTS). Yet, they face significant challenges in complex domains. Error propagation from incorrect intermediate reasoning can lead to false positives for seemingly plausible solutions, while lacking external grounding makes verifiers unreliable on computation or knowledge-intensive tasks. To address these challenges, we propose Agentic Verifier, a framework that transforms reward modeling into a multi-turn, tool-augmented deliberative process. We introduce complementary forward and backward agents: one traces solutions from premises to conclusions, while the other re-checks conclusions against their underlying premises. This bidirectional process enables a comprehensive, reliable, and interpretable assessment of solutions. To facilitate practical deployment, we propose AgentV-RL. Through proactive exploration and reinforcement learning, the verifier autonomously interleaves tool-use with internal reasoning. Extensive experiments show that Agentic Verifier yields consistent performance gains under both parallel and sequential TTS. Notably, our 4B variant surpasses state-of-the-art ORMs by 25.2%, positioning it as a promising paradigm for agentic reward modeling.

Key facts. Cited by 12 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Reasoning for agents, planning and code, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 22 of its 37 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 17 Apr 2026.

Builds on

22 of 37 references.

Closest ancestors · 3

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2025Incentivizing Agentic Reasoning in LLM Judges via Tool-Integrated Reinforcement Learning27 Oct
  2. 2025ReTool: Reinforcement Learning for Strategic Tool Use in LLMs15 Apr
  3. 2024LiveCodeBench: Holistic and Contamination Free Evaluation of Large Language Models for Code12 Mar

Other references · 19

  1. 2021Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problemscited by 9,743
  2. 2018HotpotQA: A Dataset for Diverse, Explainable Multi-hop Question Answeringcited by 3,686
  3. 2023Let's Verify Step by Stepcited by 3,598
  4. 2023Math-Shepherd: Verify and Reinforce LLMs Step-by-step without Human Annotationscited by 895
  5. 2024Generative Verifiers: Reward Modeling as Next-Token Predictioncited by 465
  6. 2025The Lessons of Developing Process Reward Models in Mathematical Reasoningcited by 402
  7. 2025Inference-Time Scaling for Generalist Reward Modelingcited by 233
  8. 2025Skywork-Reward-V2: Scaling Preference Data Curation via Human-AI Synergycited by 204
  9. 2025Scalable Best-of-N Selection for Large Language Models via Self-Certaintycited by 182
  10. 2025RM-R1: Reward Modeling as Reasoningcited by 149
  11. 2024Regularizing Hidden States Enables Learning Generalizable Reward Model for LLMscited by 142
  12. 2024BoNBoN Alignment for Large Language Models and the Sweetness of Best-of-n Samplingcited by 120
7 more
  1. 2024MARIO: MAth Reasoning with code Interpreter Output -- A Reproducible Pipelinecited by 81
  2. 2025JudgeLRM: Large Reasoning Models as a Judgecited by 76
  3. 2024Enhancing LLM Reasoning via Critique Models with Test-Time and Training-Time Supervisioncited by 60
  4. 2025Agentic Reward Modeling: Integrating Human Preferences with Verifiable Correctness Signals for Reliable Reward Systemscited by 49
  5. 2024ReaL: Efficient RLHF Training of Large Language Models with Parameter Reallocationcited by 34
  6. 2025CritiQ: Mining Data Quality Criteria from Human Preferencescited by 6
  7. 2025Two Minds Better Than One: Collaborative Reward Modeling for LLM Alignmentcited by 5

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 12.

12 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2026Verifiable Process Rewards for Agentic Reasoning
  2. 2026Scaling the Scaling Logic: Agentic Meta-Synthesis of Logic Reasoning
  3. 2025Demystifying Reinforcement Learning in Agentic Reasoning
  4. 2026Reward Modeling for Reinforcement Learning-Based LLM Reasoning: Design, Challenges, and Evaluation
  5. 2026RewardFlow: Topology-Aware Reward Propagation on State Graphs for Agentic RL with Large Language Models
  6. 2026Exploring Reasoning Reward Model for Agents
  7. 2026Learning to Explore: Scaling Agentic Reasoning via Exploration-Aware Policy Optimization
  8. 2025VerlTool: Towards Holistic Agentic Reinforcement Learning with Tool Use