mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Principal Prototype Analysis on Manifold for Interpretable Reinforcement Learning

arXiv 2603.27971 ↗First posted 30 Mar 2026cs.LGcited by 0

On the map: LLM alignment / RLHF / preference optimisation → Reward modeling and RLHF

Abstract (arXiv)

Recent years have witnessed the widespread adoption of reinforcement learning (RL), from solving real-time games to fine-tuning large language models using human preference data significantly improving alignment with user expectations. However, as model complexity grows exponentially, the interpretability of these systems becomes increasingly challenging. While numerous explainability methods have been developed for computer vision and natural language processing to elucidate both local and global reasoning patterns, their application to RL remains limited. Direct extensions of these methods often struggle to maintain the delicate balance between interpretability and performance within RL settings. Prototype-Wrapper Networks (PW-Nets) have recently shown promise in bridging this gap by enhancing explainability in RL domains without sacrificing the efficiency of the original black-box models. However, these methods typically require manually defined reference prototypes, which often necessitate expert domain knowledge. In this work, we propose a method that removes this dependency by automatically selecting optimal prototypes from the available data. Preliminary experiments on standard Gym environments demonstrate that our approach matches the performance of existing PW-Nets, while remaining competitive with the original black-box models.

Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Reward modeling and RLHF, one of 10 directions in LLM alignment / RLHF / preference optimisation. Builds on 30 of its 48 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 30 Mar 2026.

Builds on

30 of 48 references.

Closest ancestors · 1

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2023Direct Preference Optimization: Your Language Model is Secretly a Reward Model29 May

Other references · 29

  1. 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,712
  2. 2019Momentum Contrast for Unsupervised Visual Representation Learningcited by 7,482
  3. 2016Grad-CAM: Visual Explanations from Deep Networks via Gradient-based Localizationcited by 6,690
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  6. 2017Prototypical Networks for Few-shot Learningcited by 3,001
  7. 2018UMAP: Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection for Dimension Reductioncited by 2,841
  8. 2017Interpretability Beyond Feature Attribution: Quantitative Testing with Concept Activation Vectors (TCAV)cited by 1,309
  9. 2020Concept Bottleneck Modelscited by 1,022
  10. 2019Attention is not Explanationcited by 916
  11. 2018RISE: Randomized Input Sampling for Explanation of Black-box Modelscited by 825
  12. 2018This Looks Like That: Deep Learning for Interpretable Image Recognitioncited by 731
17 more
  1. 2017Mastering Chess and Shogi by Self-Play with a General Reinforcement Learning Algorithmcited by 723
  2. 2020Deep Reinforcement Learning for Autonomous Driving: A Surveycited by 698
  3. 2017Interpretable Explanations of Black Boxes by Meaningful Perturbationcited by 611
  4. 2021Interpretable Machine Learning: Fundamental Principles and 10 Grand Challengescited by 364
  5. 2019On Completeness-aware Concept-Based Explanations in Deep Neural Networkscited by 239
  6. 2017Deep Learning for Case-Based Reasoning through Prototypes: A Neural Network that Explains Its Predictionscited by 234
  7. 2020Neural Prototype Trees for Interpretable Fine-grained Image Recognitioncited by 213
  8. 2021Adaptive Prototype Learning and Allocation for Few-Shot Segmentationcited by 207
  9. 2018Verifiable Reinforcement Learning via Policy Extractioncited by 176
  10. 2019Towards Interpretable Reinforcement Learning Using Attention Augmented Agentscited by 82
  11. 2018Toward Interpretable Deep Reinforcement Learning with Linear Model U-Treescited by 65
  12. 2016Explaining Predictions of Non-Linear Classifiers in NLPcited by 37
  13. 2018Learning Finite State Representations of Recurrent Policy Networkscited by 37
  14. 2023Explainable Deep Reinforcement Learning: State of the Art and Challengescited by 33
  15. 2022A Survey of Explainable Reinforcement Learningcited by 31
  16. 2020Re-understanding Finite-State Representations of Recurrent Policy Networkscited by 15
  17. 2023Proto-lm: A Prototypical Network-Based Framework for Built-in Interpretability in Large Language Modelscited by 7

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