mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

SpatialPoint: Spatial-aware Point Prediction for Embodied Localization

arXiv 2603.26690 ↗First posted 16 Mar 2026cs.RO cs.AI cs.CVcited by 0

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Abstract (arXiv)

Embodied intelligence fundamentally requires a capability to determine where to act in 3D space. We formalize this requirement as embodied localization -- the problem of predicting executable 3D points conditioned on visual observations and language instructions. We instantiate embodied localization with two complementary target types: touchable points, surface-grounded 3D points enabling direct physical interaction, and air points, free-space 3D points specifying placement and navigation goals, directional constraints, or geometric relations. Embodied localization is inherently a problem of embodied 3D spatial reasoning -- yet most existing vision-language systems rely predominantly on RGB inputs, necessitating implicit geometric reconstruction that limits cross-scene generalization, despite the widespread adoption of RGB-D sensors in robotics. To address this gap, we propose SpatialPoint, a spatial-aware vision-language framework with careful design that integrates structured depth into a vision-language model (VLM) and generates camera-frame 3D coordinates. We construct a 2.6M-sample RGB-D dataset covering both touchable and air points QA pairs for training and evaluation. Extensive experiments demonstrate that incorporating depth into VLMs significantly improves embodied localization performance. We further validate SpatialPoint through real-robot deployment across three representative tasks: language-guided robotic arm grasping at specified locations, object placement to target destinations, and mobile robot navigation to goal positions.

Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 41 of its 50 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 Mar 2026.

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41 of 50 references.

References · 41

  1. 2023Grounding DINO: Marrying DINO with Grounded Pre-Training for Open-Set Object Detectioncited by 3,274
  2. 2023RT-2: Vision-Language-Action Models Transfer Web Knowledge to Robotic Controlcited by 2,993
  3. 2024OpenVLA: An Open-Source Vision-Language-Action Modelcited by 2,777
  4. 2023Diffusion Policy: Visuomotor Policy Learning via Action Diffusioncited by 2,730
  5. 2025Qwen3-VL Technical Reportcited by 2,534
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  11. 2025Depth Anything 3: Recovering the Visual Space from Any Viewscited by 626
  12. 2021CLIPort: What and Where Pathways for Robotic Manipulationcited by 617
29 more
  1. 2022Perceiver-Actor: A Multi-Task Transformer for Robotic Manipulationcited by 545
  2. 20243D-VLA: A 3D Vision-Language-Action Generative World Modelcited by 320
  3. 2024SpatialRGPT: Grounded Spatial Reasoning in Vision Language Modelscited by 297
  4. 2024RoboPoint: A Vision-Language Model for Spatial Affordance Prediction for Roboticscited by 242
  5. 2024LLaVA-3D: A Simple yet Effective Pathway to Empowering LMMs with 3D-awarenesscited by 178
  6. 2024SpatialBot: Precise Spatial Understanding with Vision Language Modelscited by 146
  7. 2023LLM-Grounder: Open-Vocabulary 3D Visual Grounding with Large Language Model as an Agentcited by 134
  8. 2024Grounded 3D-LLM with Referent Tokenscited by 111
  9. 2025GPT4Scene: Understand 3D Scenes from Videos with Vision-Language Modelscited by 106
  10. 2025PointVLA: Injecting the 3D World into Vision-Language-Action Modelscited by 101
  11. 2024DINO-X: A Unified Vision Model for Open-World Object Detection and Understandingcited by 85
  12. 2026PointWorld: Scaling 3D World Models for In-The-Wild Robotic Manipulationcited by 74
  13. 2023ViewRefer: Grasp the Multi-view Knowledge for 3D Visual Grounding with GPT and Prototype Guidancecited by 70
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  15. 2024SeeGround: See and Ground for Zero-Shot Open-Vocabulary 3D Visual Groundingcited by 66
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  17. 2024VLM-Grounder: A VLM Agent for Zero-Shot 3D Visual Groundingcited by 56
  18. 2024SpatialPIN: Enhancing Spatial Reasoning Capabilities of Vision-Language Models through Prompting and Interacting 3D Priorscited by 53
  19. 2025DepthVLA: Enhancing Vision-Language-Action Models with Depth-Aware Spatial Reasoningcited by 44
  20. 2026RoboBrain 2.5: Depth in Sight, Time in Mindcited by 38
  21. 2024ViGoR: Improving Visual Grounding of Large Vision Language Models with Fine-Grained Reward Modelingcited by 34
  22. 2025N3D-VLM: Native 3D Grounding Enables Accurate Spatial Reasoning in Vision-Language Modelscited by 28
  23. 20243DGraphLLM: Combining Semantic Graphs and Large Language Models for 3D Scene Understandingcited by 26
  24. 2025ReasonGrounder: LVLM-Guided Hierarchical Feature Splatting for Open-Vocabulary 3D Visual Grounding and Reasoningcited by 25
  25. 2024ThinkGrasp: A Vision-Language System for Strategic Part Grasping in Cluttercited by 20
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  27. 20253D-MOOD: Lifting 2D to 3D for Monocular Open-Set Object Detectioncited by 10
  28. 20253DAxisPrompt: Promoting the 3D Grounding and Reasoning in GPT-4ocited by 6
  29. 2025Empirical Comparison of Four Stereoscopic Depth Sensing Cameras for Robotics Applicationscited by 2

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  1. 2025Embodied Spatial Intelligence: from Implicit Scene Modeling to Spatial Reasoning
  2. 2026Embodied3DBench: Benchmarking Low-Level Embodied Spatial Intelligence of Vision Language Models
  3. 2026PinpointQA: A Benchmark for Small Object-Centric Spatial Understanding in Indoor Videos
  4. 2025ViewSpatial-Bench: Evaluating Multi-perspective Spatial Localization in Vision-Language Models
  5. 2026Contextual Observer Grounding: Evaluating Situated Spatial Reasoning in Vision-Language Models
  6. 2025Point-It-Out: Benchmarking Embodied Reasoning for Vision Language Models in Multi-Stage Visual Grounding
  7. 2026Pointing-VLA: Typed Spatial Grounding Interfaces for Vision-Language-Action Manipulation
  8. 2026Embodied-Navigator: Point, Think, Memorize, and Align for Efficient Navigation