RoboBrain 2.5: Depth in Sight, Time in Mind
On the map: LLM reasoning → Spatial and embodied reasoning
Abstract (arXiv)
We introduce RoboBrain 2.5, a next-generation embodied AI foundation model that advances general perception, spatial reasoning, and temporal modeling through extensive training on high-quality spatiotemporal supervision. Building upon its predecessor, RoboBrain 2.5 introduces two major capability upgrades. Specifically, it unlocks Precise 3D Spatial Reasoning by shifting from 2D pixel-relative grounding to depth-aware coordinate prediction and absolute metric constraint comprehension, generating complete 3D manipulation traces as ordered keypoint sequences under physical constraints. Complementing this spatial precision, the model establishes Dense Temporal Value Estimation that provides dense, step-aware progress prediction and execution state understanding across varying viewpoints, producing stable feedback signals for downstream learning. Together, these upgrades extend the framework toward more physically grounded and execution-aware embodied intelligence for complex, fine-grained manipulation. The code and checkpoints are available at project website: https://superrobobrain.github.io
Key facts. Cited by 38 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Spatial and embodied reasoning, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. First posted on arXiv 20 Jan 2026.
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Citing papers per year: 2026: 38.
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- 2026Hy-Embodied-0.5-VLA: From Vision-Language-Action Models to a Real-World Robot Learning Stackcited by 20
- 2026HY-Embodied-0.5: Embodied Foundation Models for Real-World Agentscited by 18
- 2026Long-Horizon Manipulation via Trace-Conditioned VLA Planningcited by 9
- 2026PRM-as-a-Judge: A Dense Evaluation Paradigm for Fine-Grained Robotic Auditingcited by 8
- 2026SaPaVe: Towards Active Perception and Manipulation in Vision-Language-Action Models for Roboticscited by 6
- 2026Embodied-R1.5: Evolving Physical Intelligence via Embodied Foundation Modelscited by 5
- 2026Vesta: A Generalist Embodied Reasoning Modelcited by 5
- 2026ACE-Brain-0.5: A Unified Embodied Foundational Model for Physical Agentic AIcited by 5
- 2026ABot-N1: Toward a General Visual Language Navigation Foundation Modelcited by 5
- 2026OVO-S-Bench: A Hierarchical Benchmark for Streaming Spatial Intelligence in Multimodal LLMscited by 4
- 2026Cortex: A Bidirectionally Aligned Embodied Agent Framework for Long-horizon Manipulationcited by 4
- 2026HomeGuard: VLM-based Embodied Safeguard for Identifying Contextual Risk in Household Taskcited by 3
26 more
- 2026Planning Takes More Than Token Prediction: Causal Plan for Benchmarking and Building Physically Grounded Embodied Reasonerscited by 3
- 20263D HAMSTER: Bridging Planning and Control in Hierarchical Vision Language Action Models through 3D Trajectory Guidancecited by 3
- 2026MA-VLA: Multi-Arm Vision-Language-Action Model for Collaboration and Compositional Generalizationcited by 3
- 2026From Imagined Futures to Executable Actions: Mixture of Latent Actions for Robot Manipulationcited by 2
- 2026VISTA: Vision-Grounded and Physics-Validated Adaptation of UMI data for VLA Trainingcited by 2
- 2026Towards Predictive, Aligned, and Scalable Robot Learningcited by 2
- 2026Show, Don't Tell: Evaluating Spatial Cognition in Generative Pixels Rather Than LLM Textcited by 2
- 2026RoboEvolve: Co-Evolving Planner-Simulator for Robotic Manipulation with Limited Datacited by 1
- 2026EPIC-Bench: A Perception-Centric Benchmark for Fine-Grained Embodied Visual Grounding in Vision-Language Modelscited by 1
- 2026Why Far Looks Up: Probing Spatial Representation in Vision-Language Modelscited by 1
- 2026ERQA-Plus: A Diagnostic Benchmark for Reasoning in Embodied AIcited by 1
- 2026RxBrain: Embodied Cognition Foundation Model with Joint Language-Visual Reasoning and Imaginationcited by 1
- 2026Towards General Language-Conditioned Latent Safety Filterscited by 1
- 2026SpatialPoint: Spatial-aware Point Prediction for Embodied Localizationcited by 0
- 2026SceneFunRI: Reasoning the Invisible for Task-Driven Functional Object Localizationcited by 0
- 2026Technical Report of RoboSpatial Challenge at CVPR 2026: Selective Reasoning Activation and Reference-Frame Disambiguation for Embodied Spatial Reasoningcited by 0
- 2026RoboVista: Evaluating Vision Language Models for Diverse Robot Applicationscited by 0
- 2026RoboInter1.5: A Holistic Intermediate Representation Suite for Embodied World Modeling and Robotic Manipulationcited by 0
- 2026SpatialAfford: Teaching Compact VLMs Where to Look and Where to Ground for Affordancecited by 0
- 2026GST-Bench: Can VLMs Develop Global Spatial Awareness from Video?cited by 0
- 2026Capek 0.5: An Execution-Centric Vision-Language Model for Embodied Intelligencecited by 0
- 2026HUGIN: Enhancing Vision-Language Planning for Autonomous Logistics Sortingcited by 0
- 2026CoCoBench: A Cooperative Coordination Benchmark for Embodied Multi-Agent Task Planningcited by 0
- 2026PhysBrain 1.5: From Vision-Language Models to Physical Foundation Modelscited by 0
- 2026EmbodiedMind: Adaptive Data Curation and Prefix-Tree Reinforcement Learning for Efficient Embodied Intelligencecited by 0
- 2026ActiveArena: Benchmarking and Understanding Active Perception in Robotic Manipulationcited by 0
- 2026ActiveArena: Benchmarking and Understanding Active Perception in Robotic Manipulation21 Sep 2026
- 2026EmbodiedMind: Adaptive Data Curation and Prefix-Tree Reinforcement Learning for Efficient Embodied Intelligence17 Sep 2026
- 2026PhysBrain 1.5: From Vision-Language Models to Physical Foundation Models14 Sep 2026
- 2026CoCoBench: A Cooperative Coordination Benchmark for Embodied Multi-Agent Task Planning28 Aug 2026
- 2026MA-VLA: Multi-Arm Vision-Language-Action Model for Collaboration and Compositional Generalization26 Aug 2026
- 2026HUGIN: Enhancing Vision-Language Planning for Autonomous Logistics Sorting12 Aug 2026
- 2026Capek 0.5: An Execution-Centric Vision-Language Model for Embodied Intelligence7 Aug 2026
- 2026GST-Bench: Can VLMs Develop Global Spatial Awareness from Video?6 Aug 2026
- 2026SpatialAfford: Teaching Compact VLMs Where to Look and Where to Ground for Affordance1 Aug 2026
- 2026Towards General Language-Conditioned Latent Safety Filters31 Jul 2026
- 2026Show, Don't Tell: Evaluating Spatial Cognition in Generative Pixels Rather Than LLM Text23 Jul 2026
- 2026RoboInter1.5: A Holistic Intermediate Representation Suite for Embodied World Modeling and Robotic Manipulation21 Jul 2026
26 more
- 2026RxBrain: Embodied Cognition Foundation Model with Joint Language-Visual Reasoning and Imagination15 Jul 2026
- 2026Towards Predictive, Aligned, and Scalable Robot Learning13 Jul 2026
- 2026ABot-N1: Toward a General Visual Language Navigation Foundation Model11 Jul 2026
- 2026Cortex: A Bidirectionally Aligned Embodied Agent Framework for Long-horizon Manipulation6 Jul 2026
- 2026RoboVista: Evaluating Vision Language Models for Diverse Robot Applications6 Jul 2026
- 2026ACE-Brain-0.5: A Unified Embodied Foundational Model for Physical Agentic AI5 Jul 2026
- 2026Technical Report of RoboSpatial Challenge at CVPR 2026: Selective Reasoning Activation and Reference-Frame Disambiguation for Embodied Spatial Reasoning30 Jun 2026
- 20263D HAMSTER: Bridging Planning and Control in Hierarchical Vision Language Action Models through 3D Trajectory Guidance30 Jun 2026
- 2026Vesta: A Generalist Embodied Reasoning Model18 Jun 2026
- 2026ERQA-Plus: A Diagnostic Benchmark for Reasoning in Embodied AI16 Jun 2026
- 2026Hy-Embodied-0.5-VLA: From Vision-Language-Action Models to a Real-World Robot Learning Stack12 Jun 2026
- 2026Embodied-R1.5: Evolving Physical Intelligence via Embodied Foundation Models9 Jun 2026
- 2026VISTA: Vision-Grounded and Physics-Validated Adaptation of UMI data for VLA Training3 Jun 2026
- 2026OVO-S-Bench: A Hierarchical Benchmark for Streaming Spatial Intelligence in Multimodal LLMs2 Jun 2026
- 2026Planning Takes More Than Token Prediction: Causal Plan for Benchmarking and Building Physically Grounded Embodied Reasoners1 Jun 2026
- 2026Why Far Looks Up: Probing Spatial Representation in Vision-Language Models28 May 2026
- 2026EPIC-Bench: A Perception-Centric Benchmark for Fine-Grained Embodied Visual Grounding in Vision-Language Models16 May 2026
- 2026SceneFunRI: Reasoning the Invisible for Task-Driven Functional Object Localization14 May 2026
- 2026RoboEvolve: Co-Evolving Planner-Simulator for Robotic Manipulation with Limited Data13 May 2026
- 2026From Imagined Futures to Executable Actions: Mixture of Latent Actions for Robot Manipulation12 May 2026
- 2026Long-Horizon Manipulation via Trace-Conditioned VLA Planning23 Apr 2026
- 2026HY-Embodied-0.5: Embodied Foundation Models for Real-World Agents8 Apr 2026
- 2026PRM-as-a-Judge: A Dense Evaluation Paradigm for Fine-Grained Robotic Auditing23 Mar 2026
- 2026SpatialPoint: Spatial-aware Point Prediction for Embodied Localization16 Mar 2026
- 2026HomeGuard: VLM-based Embodied Safeguard for Identifying Contextual Risk in Household Task15 Mar 2026
- 2026SaPaVe: Towards Active Perception and Manipulation in Vision-Language-Action Models for Robotics12 Mar 2026
- 2026Embodied-R1.5: Evolving Physical Intelligence via Embodied Foundation Modelscited by 5
- 2026Vesta: A Generalist Embodied Reasoning Modelcited by 5
- 2026Planning Takes More Than Token Prediction: Causal Plan for Benchmarking and Building Physically Grounded Embodied Reasonerscited by 3
- 2026Why Far Looks Up: Probing Spatial Representation in Vision-Language Modelscited by 1
- 2026ERQA-Plus: A Diagnostic Benchmark for Reasoning in Embodied AIcited by 1
- 2026RxBrain: Embodied Cognition Foundation Model with Joint Language-Visual Reasoning and Imaginationcited by 1
- 2026SceneFunRI: Reasoning the Invisible for Task-Driven Functional Object Localizationcited by 0
- 2026Technical Report of RoboSpatial Challenge at CVPR 2026: Selective Reasoning Activation and Reference-Frame Disambiguation for Embodied Spatial Reasoningcited by 0
- 2026RxBrain: Embodied Cognition Foundation Model with Joint Language-Visual Reasoning and Imagination15 Jul 2026
- 2026Technical Report of RoboSpatial Challenge at CVPR 2026: Selective Reasoning Activation and Reference-Frame Disambiguation for Embodied Spatial Reasoning30 Jun 2026
- 2026Vesta: A Generalist Embodied Reasoning Model18 Jun 2026
- 2026ERQA-Plus: A Diagnostic Benchmark for Reasoning in Embodied AI16 Jun 2026
- 2026Embodied-R1.5: Evolving Physical Intelligence via Embodied Foundation Models9 Jun 2026
- 2026Planning Takes More Than Token Prediction: Causal Plan for Benchmarking and Building Physically Grounded Embodied Reasoners1 Jun 2026
- 2026Why Far Looks Up: Probing Spatial Representation in Vision-Language Models28 May 2026
- 2026SceneFunRI: Reasoning the Invisible for Task-Driven Functional Object Localization14 May 2026
- 2026Hy-Embodied-0.5-VLA: From Vision-Language-Action Models to a Real-World Robot Learning Stackcited by 20
- 2026Long-Horizon Manipulation via Trace-Conditioned VLA Planningcited by 9
- 2026SaPaVe: Towards Active Perception and Manipulation in Vision-Language-Action Models for Roboticscited by 6
- 2026Cortex: A Bidirectionally Aligned Embodied Agent Framework for Long-horizon Manipulationcited by 4
- 20263D HAMSTER: Bridging Planning and Control in Hierarchical Vision Language Action Models through 3D Trajectory Guidancecited by 3
- 2026MA-VLA: Multi-Arm Vision-Language-Action Model for Collaboration and Compositional Generalizationcited by 3
- 2026VISTA: Vision-Grounded and Physics-Validated Adaptation of UMI data for VLA Trainingcited by 2
- 2026Towards General Language-Conditioned Latent Safety Filterscited by 1
- 2026MA-VLA: Multi-Arm Vision-Language-Action Model for Collaboration and Compositional Generalization26 Aug 2026
- 2026Towards General Language-Conditioned Latent Safety Filters31 Jul 2026
- 2026Cortex: A Bidirectionally Aligned Embodied Agent Framework for Long-horizon Manipulation6 Jul 2026
- 20263D HAMSTER: Bridging Planning and Control in Hierarchical Vision Language Action Models through 3D Trajectory Guidance30 Jun 2026
- 2026Hy-Embodied-0.5-VLA: From Vision-Language-Action Models to a Real-World Robot Learning Stack12 Jun 2026
- 2026VISTA: Vision-Grounded and Physics-Validated Adaptation of UMI data for VLA Training3 Jun 2026
- 2026Long-Horizon Manipulation via Trace-Conditioned VLA Planning23 Apr 2026
- 2026SaPaVe: Towards Active Perception and Manipulation in Vision-Language-Action Models for Robotics12 Mar 2026
- 2026OVO-S-Bench: A Hierarchical Benchmark for Streaming Spatial Intelligence in Multimodal LLMscited by 4
- 2026HomeGuard: VLM-based Embodied Safeguard for Identifying Contextual Risk in Household Taskcited by 3
- 2026EPIC-Bench: A Perception-Centric Benchmark for Fine-Grained Embodied Visual Grounding in Vision-Language Modelscited by 1
- 2026RoboVista: Evaluating Vision Language Models for Diverse Robot Applicationscited by 0
- 2026Capek 0.5: An Execution-Centric Vision-Language Model for Embodied Intelligencecited by 0
- 2026PhysBrain 1.5: From Vision-Language Models to Physical Foundation Modelscited by 0
- 2026PhysBrain 1.5: From Vision-Language Models to Physical Foundation Models14 Sep 2026
- 2026Capek 0.5: An Execution-Centric Vision-Language Model for Embodied Intelligence7 Aug 2026
- 2026RoboVista: Evaluating Vision Language Models for Diverse Robot Applications6 Jul 2026
- 2026OVO-S-Bench: A Hierarchical Benchmark for Streaming Spatial Intelligence in Multimodal LLMs2 Jun 2026
- 2026EPIC-Bench: A Perception-Centric Benchmark for Fine-Grained Embodied Visual Grounding in Vision-Language Models16 May 2026
- 2026HomeGuard: VLM-based Embodied Safeguard for Identifying Contextual Risk in Household Task15 Mar 2026
- 2026PRM-as-a-Judge: A Dense Evaluation Paradigm for Fine-Grained Robotic Auditingcited by 8
- 2026ABot-N1: Toward a General Visual Language Navigation Foundation Modelcited by 5
- 2026From Imagined Futures to Executable Actions: Mixture of Latent Actions for Robot Manipulationcited by 2
- 2026Show, Don't Tell: Evaluating Spatial Cognition in Generative Pixels Rather Than LLM Textcited by 2
- 2026RoboEvolve: Co-Evolving Planner-Simulator for Robotic Manipulation with Limited Datacited by 1
- 2026SpatialPoint: Spatial-aware Point Prediction for Embodied Localizationcited by 0
- 2026SpatialAfford: Teaching Compact VLMs Where to Look and Where to Ground for Affordancecited by 0
- 2026GST-Bench: Can VLMs Develop Global Spatial Awareness from Video?cited by 0
- 2026HUGIN: Enhancing Vision-Language Planning for Autonomous Logistics Sortingcited by 0
- 2026EmbodiedMind: Adaptive Data Curation and Prefix-Tree Reinforcement Learning for Efficient Embodied Intelligencecited by 0
- 2026ActiveArena: Benchmarking and Understanding Active Perception in Robotic Manipulationcited by 0
- 2026ActiveArena: Benchmarking and Understanding Active Perception in Robotic Manipulation21 Sep 2026
- 2026EmbodiedMind: Adaptive Data Curation and Prefix-Tree Reinforcement Learning for Efficient Embodied Intelligence17 Sep 2026
- 2026HUGIN: Enhancing Vision-Language Planning for Autonomous Logistics Sorting12 Aug 2026
- 2026GST-Bench: Can VLMs Develop Global Spatial Awareness from Video?6 Aug 2026
- 2026SpatialAfford: Teaching Compact VLMs Where to Look and Where to Ground for Affordance1 Aug 2026
- 2026Show, Don't Tell: Evaluating Spatial Cognition in Generative Pixels Rather Than LLM Text23 Jul 2026
- 2026ABot-N1: Toward a General Visual Language Navigation Foundation Model11 Jul 2026
- 2026RoboEvolve: Co-Evolving Planner-Simulator for Robotic Manipulation with Limited Data13 May 2026
- 2026From Imagined Futures to Executable Actions: Mixture of Latent Actions for Robot Manipulation12 May 2026
- 2026PRM-as-a-Judge: A Dense Evaluation Paradigm for Fine-Grained Robotic Auditing23 Mar 2026
- 2026SpatialPoint: Spatial-aware Point Prediction for Embodied Localization16 Mar 2026
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