mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

ProRL Agent: Rollout-as-a-Service for RL Training of Multi-Turn LLM Agents

arXiv 2603.18815 ↗First posted 19 Mar 2026cs.AIcited by 17

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Reinforcement learning for LLM agents

Abstract (arXiv)

Multi-turn LLM agents are increasingly important for solving complex, interactive tasks, and reinforcement learning (RL) is a key ingredient for improving their long-horizon behavior. However, RL training requires generating large numbers of sandboxed rollout trajectories, and existing infrastructures often couple rollout orchestration with the training loop, making systems hard to migrate and maintain. Under the rollout-as-a-service philosophy, we present ProRL Agent , a scalable infrastructure that serves the full agentic rollout lifecycle through an API service. ProRL Agent also provides standardized and extensible sandbox environments that support diverse agentic tasks in rootless HPC settings. We validate ProRL Agent through RL training on software engineering, math, STEM, and coding tasks. ProRL Agent is open-sourced and integrated as part of NVIDIA NeMo Gym.

Key facts. Cited by 17 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Reinforcement learning for LLM agents, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 25 of its 33 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 19 Mar 2026.

Builds on

25 of 33 references.

Closest ancestors · 7

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2025SkyRL-Agent: Efficient RL Training for Multi-turn LLM Agent20 Nov
  2. 2025VAGEN: Reinforcing World Model Reasoning for Multi-Turn VLM Agents19 Oct
  3. 2025GEM: A Gym for Agentic LLMs1 Oct
  4. 2025VerlTool: Towards Holistic Agentic Reinforcement Learning with Tool Use1 Sep
  5. 2025Agent Lightning: Train ANY AI Agents with Reinforcement Learning5 Aug
  6. 2025Nemotron-Research-Tool-N1: Exploring Tool-Using Language Models with Reinforced Reasoning25 Apr
  7. 2025ToRL: Scaling Tool-Integrated RL30 Mar

Other references · 18

  1. 2024DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Modelscited by 8,851
  2. 2022ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Modelscited by 8,355
  3. 2023SWE-bench: Can Language Models Resolve Real-World GitHub Issues?cited by 3,193
  4. 2024HybridFlow: A Flexible and Efficient RLHF Frameworkcited by 1,980
  5. 2023WebArena: A Realistic Web Environment for Building Autonomous Agentscited by 1,908
  6. 2024SWE-agent: Agent-Computer Interfaces Enable Automated Software Engineeringcited by 1,628
  7. 2025Search-R1: Training LLMs to Reason and Leverage Search Engines with Reinforcement Learningcited by 1,371
  8. 2024OSWorld: Benchmarking Multimodal Agents for Open-Ended Tasks in Real Computer Environmentscited by 1,134
  9. 2023SGLang: Efficient Execution of Structured Language Model Programscited by 1,107
  10. 2024OpenHands: An Open Platform for AI Software Developers as Generalist Agentscited by 956
  11. 2024Executable Code Actions Elicit Better LLM Agentscited by 537
  12. 2025Open-Reasoner-Zero: An Open Source Approach to Scaling Up Reinforcement Learning on the Base Modelcited by 450
6 more
  1. 2025ProRL: Prolonged Reinforcement Learning Expands Reasoning Boundaries in Large Language Modelscited by 187
  2. 2024Free Process Rewards without Process Labelscited by 162
  3. 2025Beyond Ten Turns: Unlocking Long-Horizon Agentic Search with Large-Scale Asynchronous RLcited by 144
  4. 2025R2E-Gym: Procedural Environments and Hybrid Verifiers for Scaling Open-Weights SWE Agentscited by 140
  5. 2024Offline Training of Language Model Agents with Functions as Learnable Weightscited by 47
  6. 2025SCP-116K: A High-Quality Problem-Solution Dataset and a Generalized Pipeline for Automated Extraction in the Higher Education Science Domaincited by 30

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 17.

17 papers.

Sort:

By area:

  1. 2026From Question Answering to Task Completion: A Survey on Agent System and Harness Designcited by 9
  2. 2026Relax: An Asynchronous Reinforcement Learning Engine for Omni-Modal Post-Training at Scalecited by 7
  3. 2026Orchard: An Open-Source Agentic Modeling Frameworkcited by 7
  4. 2026Revisiting DAgger in the Era of LLM-Agentscited by 4
  5. 2026DynaResize: Runtime GPU Reallocation for Disaggregated LLM Post-Trainingcited by 2
  6. 2026Thinking With Tools, Not With Pixels: Tool Calls as Text Scaffolds for Visual Reasoningcited by 2
  7. 2026A First-Principles Derivation of LLM Policy Optimization: From Expected Reward to GRPO and Its Structural Extensionscited by 1
  8. 2026ReCrit: Transition-Aware Reinforcement Learning for Scientific Critic Reasoningcited by 0
  9. 2026When to Stop Reusing: Dynamic Gradient Gating for Sample-Efficient RLVRcited by 0
  10. 2026Trading Human Curation for Synthetic Augmentation in RLVRcited by 0
  11. 2026Entropy Pacing Policy Optimization for Multi-Task Agentic Reinforcement Learningcited by 0
  12. 2026JoyNexus: Service-Oriented Multi-Tenant Post-Training for VLA Modelscited by 0
5 more
  1. 2026Molt: A Scalable PyTorch-Native Training Framework for Agentic Reinforcement Learningcited by 0
  2. 2026Memory Compression for High-Fanout Agent Sandboxescited by 0
  3. 2026ME-VLM: A Unified VLM for Embodied Cognition and Agent Coordinationcited by 0
  4. 2026Rollout Efficiency in Reinforcement Learning for Reasoning Large Language Models: A Taxonomy and Future Directionscited by 0
  5. 2026SCLATE: a Substrate for Continual-Learning Agent Training and Evaluationcited by 0

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2026Rollout-Training Co-Design for Efficient LLM-Based Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
  2. 2025Efficient Multi-turn RL for GUI Agents via Decoupled Training and Adaptive Data Curation
  3. 2025AgentRL: Scaling Agentic Reinforcement Learning with a Multi-Turn, Multi-Task Framework
  4. 2025Part II: ROLL Flash -- Accelerating RLVR and Agentic Training with Asynchrony
  5. 2025RollArt: Disaggregated Multi-Task Agentic RL Training at Scale
  6. 2026AstraFlow: Dataflow-Oriented Reinforcement Learning for Agentic LLMs
  7. 2026Single-Rollout Asynchronous Optimization for Agentic Reinforcement Learning
  8. 2026Belayer: Efficient Fault Tolerance for LLM Agentic RL Training