SCP-116K: A High-Quality Problem-Solution Dataset and a Generalized Pipeline for Automated Extraction in the Higher Education Science Domain
On the map: LLM reasoning → Mathematical reasoning
Abstract (arXiv)
Recent breakthroughs in large language models (LLMs) exemplified by the impressive mathematical and scientific reasoning capabilities of the o1 model have spotlighted the critical importance of high-quality training data in advancing LLM performance across STEM disciplines. While the mathematics community has benefited from a growing body of curated datasets, the scientific domain at the higher education level has long suffered from a scarcity of comparable resources. To address this gap, we present SCP-116K, a new large-scale dataset of 116,756 high-quality problem-solution pairs, automatically extracted from heterogeneous sources using a streamlined and highly generalizable pipeline. Our approach involves stringent filtering to ensure the scientific rigor and educational level of the extracted materials, while maintaining adaptability for future expansions or domain transfers. By openly releasing both the dataset and the extraction pipeline, we seek to foster research on scientific reasoning, enable comprehensive performance evaluations of new LLMs, and lower the barrier to replicating the successes of advanced models like o1 in the broader science community. We believe SCP-116K will serve as a critical resource, catalyzing progress in high-level scientific reasoning tasks and promoting further innovations in LLM development. The dataset and code are publicly available at https://github.com/AQA6666/SCP-116K-open.
Key facts. Cited by 30 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Mathematical reasoning, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 7 of its 11 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 26 Jan 2025.
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7 of 11 references.
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Other references · 6
- 2021Measuring Mathematical Problem Solving With the MATH Datasetcited by 5,203
- 2023GPQA: A Graduate-Level Google-Proof Q&A Benchmarkcited by 2,748
- 2022Learn to Explain: Multimodal Reasoning via Thought Chains for Science Question Answeringcited by 1,881
- 2024Imitate, Explore, and Self-Improve: A Reproduction Report on Slow-thinking Reasoning Systemscited by 162
- 2024MathBench: Evaluating the Theory and Application Proficiency of LLMs with a Hierarchical Mathematics Benchmarkcited by 103
- 2024U-MATH: A University-Level Benchmark for Evaluating Mathematical Skills in LLMscited by 24
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 18; 2026: 12.
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- 2025InternVL3: Exploring Advanced Training and Test-Time Recipes for Open-Source Multimodal Modelscited by 1,769
- 2025InternVL3.5: Advancing Open-Source Multimodal Models in Versatility, Reasoning, and Efficiencycited by 1,419
- 2025Rubrics as Rewards: Reinforcement Learning Beyond Verifiable Domainscited by 328
- 2025ProRL: Prolonged Reinforcement Learning Expands Reasoning Boundaries in Large Language Modelscited by 187
- 2025A Survey of Reinforcement Learning for Large Reasoning Modelscited by 175
- 2025MegaScience: Pushing the Frontiers of Post-Training Datasets for Science Reasoningcited by 56
- 2025Breaking the Exploration Bottleneck: Rubric-Scaffolded Reinforcement Learning for General LLM Reasoningcited by 56
- 2025ILLUME+: Illuminating Unified MLLM with Dual Visual Tokenization and Diffusion Refinementcited by 53
- 2025SwS: Self-aware Weakness-driven Problem Synthesis in Reinforcement Learning for LLM Reasoningcited by 39
- 2025Low-probability Tokens Sustain Exploration in Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewardcited by 25
- 2026ProRL Agent: Rollout-as-a-Service for RL Training of Multi-Turn LLM Agentscited by 17
- 2025Generative AI Act II: Test Time Scaling Drives Cognition Engineeringcited by 14
18 more
- 2025Ring-lite: Scalable Reasoning via C3PO-Stabilized Reinforcement Learning for LLMscited by 10
- 2026Golden Goose: A Simple Trick to Synthesize Unlimited RLVR Tasks from Unverifiable Internet Textcited by 9
- 2025BlueLM-2.5-3B Technical Reportcited by 5
- 2025Hala Technical Report: Building Arabic-Centric Instruction & Translation Models at Scalecited by 5
- 2026Segmental Advantage Estimation: Enhancing PPO for Long-Context LLM Trainingcited by 5
- 2025A Short Survey on Small Reasoning Models: Training, Inference, Applications and Research Directionscited by 4
- 2025More Data or Better Data? A Critical Analysis of Data Selection and Synthesis for Mathematical Reasoningcited by 4
- 2026WildSci: Advancing Scientific Reasoning from In-the-Wild Literaturecited by 4
- 2025Closing the Data Loop: Using OpenDataArena to Engineer Superior Training Datasetscited by 4
- 2026Deeper Thought, Weaker Aim: Understanding and Mitigating Perceptual Impairment during Reasoning in Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 4
- 2026Every Coin Has Two Sides: On the Dual Nature of Generalization in On-Policy Distillation of Large Language Modelscited by 3
- 2025FOCUS: Unified Vision-Language Modeling for Interactive Editing Driven by Referential Segmentationcited by 2
- 2026When Can LLMs Learn to Reason with Weak Supervision?cited by 1
- 2026Scientific Logicality Enriched Methodology for LLM Reasoning: A Practice in Physicscited by 1
- 2026Decoupled Physical Modeling and Execution for Physics Reasoningcited by 1
- 2026Expert-validated STEM QAcited by 0
- 2026SPARK: Skeleton-Guided Reasoning Synthesis from Large-Scale Scientific Literaturecited by 0
- 2026Collaborative Reasoning Distillation via Cross-Feedback and Coherent Curationcited by 0
- 2026Collaborative Reasoning Distillation via Cross-Feedback and Coherent Curation7 Oct 2026
- 2026SPARK: Skeleton-Guided Reasoning Synthesis from Large-Scale Scientific Literature31 Aug 2026
- 2026Decoupled Physical Modeling and Execution for Physics Reasoning22 Aug 2026
- 2026Every Coin Has Two Sides: On the Dual Nature of Generalization in On-Policy Distillation of Large Language Models17 Aug 2026
- 2026Expert-validated STEM QA6 Jun 2026
- 2026Scientific Logicality Enriched Methodology for LLM Reasoning: A Practice in Physics16 May 2026
- 2026When Can LLMs Learn to Reason with Weak Supervision?20 Apr 2026
- 2026ProRL Agent: Rollout-as-a-Service for RL Training of Multi-Turn LLM Agents19 Mar 2026
- 2026Deeper Thought, Weaker Aim: Understanding and Mitigating Perceptual Impairment during Reasoning in Multimodal Large Language Models15 Mar 2026
- 2026Golden Goose: A Simple Trick to Synthesize Unlimited RLVR Tasks from Unverifiable Internet Text30 Jan 2026
- 2026Segmental Advantage Estimation: Enhancing PPO for Long-Context LLM Training12 Jan 2026
- 2026WildSci: Advancing Scientific Reasoning from In-the-Wild Literature9 Jan 2026
18 more
- 2025Closing the Data Loop: Using OpenDataArena to Engineer Superior Training Datasets30 Dec 2025
- 2025More Data or Better Data? A Critical Analysis of Data Selection and Synthesis for Mathematical Reasoning8 Oct 2025
- 2025Low-probability Tokens Sustain Exploration in Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Reward3 Oct 2025
- 2025Hala Technical Report: Building Arabic-Centric Instruction & Translation Models at Scale17 Sep 2025
- 2025A Survey of Reinforcement Learning for Large Reasoning Models10 Sep 2025
- 2025InternVL3.5: Advancing Open-Source Multimodal Models in Versatility, Reasoning, and Efficiency25 Aug 2025
- 2025Breaking the Exploration Bottleneck: Rubric-Scaffolded Reinforcement Learning for General LLM Reasoning23 Aug 2025
- 2025Rubrics as Rewards: Reinforcement Learning Beyond Verifiable Domains23 Jul 2025
- 2025MegaScience: Pushing the Frontiers of Post-Training Datasets for Science Reasoning22 Jul 2025
- 2025BlueLM-2.5-3B Technical Report8 Jul 2025
- 2025FOCUS: Unified Vision-Language Modeling for Interactive Editing Driven by Referential Segmentation20 Jun 2025
- 2025Ring-lite: Scalable Reasoning via C3PO-Stabilized Reinforcement Learning for LLMs17 Jun 2025
- 2025SwS: Self-aware Weakness-driven Problem Synthesis in Reinforcement Learning for LLM Reasoning10 Jun 2025
- 2025ProRL: Prolonged Reinforcement Learning Expands Reasoning Boundaries in Large Language Models30 May 2025
- 2025Generative AI Act II: Test Time Scaling Drives Cognition Engineering18 Apr 2025
- 2025InternVL3: Exploring Advanced Training and Test-Time Recipes for Open-Source Multimodal Models14 Apr 2025
- 2025A Short Survey on Small Reasoning Models: Training, Inference, Applications and Research Directions12 Apr 2025
- 2025ILLUME+: Illuminating Unified MLLM with Dual Visual Tokenization and Diffusion Refinement2 Apr 2025
- 2025InternVL3.5: Advancing Open-Source Multimodal Models in Versatility, Reasoning, and Efficiencycited by 1,419
- 2025ProRL: Prolonged Reinforcement Learning Expands Reasoning Boundaries in Large Language Modelscited by 187
- 2025A Survey of Reinforcement Learning for Large Reasoning Modelscited by 175
- 2025MegaScience: Pushing the Frontiers of Post-Training Datasets for Science Reasoningcited by 56
- 2025Breaking the Exploration Bottleneck: Rubric-Scaffolded Reinforcement Learning for General LLM Reasoningcited by 56
- 2025SwS: Self-aware Weakness-driven Problem Synthesis in Reinforcement Learning for LLM Reasoningcited by 39
- 2025Low-probability Tokens Sustain Exploration in Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewardcited by 25
- 2025Generative AI Act II: Test Time Scaling Drives Cognition Engineeringcited by 14
- 2025Ring-lite: Scalable Reasoning via C3PO-Stabilized Reinforcement Learning for LLMscited by 10
- 2026Golden Goose: A Simple Trick to Synthesize Unlimited RLVR Tasks from Unverifiable Internet Textcited by 9
- 2025BlueLM-2.5-3B Technical Reportcited by 5
- 2026Segmental Advantage Estimation: Enhancing PPO for Long-Context LLM Trainingcited by 5
12 most cited of 21 All 21 (JSON)
- 2026Collaborative Reasoning Distillation via Cross-Feedback and Coherent Curation7 Oct 2026
- 2026SPARK: Skeleton-Guided Reasoning Synthesis from Large-Scale Scientific Literature31 Aug 2026
- 2026Decoupled Physical Modeling and Execution for Physics Reasoning22 Aug 2026
- 2026Scientific Logicality Enriched Methodology for LLM Reasoning: A Practice in Physics16 May 2026
- 2026When Can LLMs Learn to Reason with Weak Supervision?20 Apr 2026
- 2026Deeper Thought, Weaker Aim: Understanding and Mitigating Perceptual Impairment during Reasoning in Multimodal Large Language Models15 Mar 2026
- 2026Golden Goose: A Simple Trick to Synthesize Unlimited RLVR Tasks from Unverifiable Internet Text30 Jan 2026
- 2026Segmental Advantage Estimation: Enhancing PPO for Long-Context LLM Training12 Jan 2026
- 2026WildSci: Advancing Scientific Reasoning from In-the-Wild Literature9 Jan 2026
- 2025More Data or Better Data? A Critical Analysis of Data Selection and Synthesis for Mathematical Reasoning8 Oct 2025
- 2025Low-probability Tokens Sustain Exploration in Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Reward3 Oct 2025
- 2025A Survey of Reinforcement Learning for Large Reasoning Models10 Sep 2025
12 newest of 21 All 21 (JSON)
- 2025InternVL3: Exploring Advanced Training and Test-Time Recipes for Open-Source Multimodal Modelscited by 1,769
- 2025Rubrics as Rewards: Reinforcement Learning Beyond Verifiable Domainscited by 328
- 2025ILLUME+: Illuminating Unified MLLM with Dual Visual Tokenization and Diffusion Refinementcited by 53
- 2025Hala Technical Report: Building Arabic-Centric Instruction & Translation Models at Scalecited by 5
- 2025Closing the Data Loop: Using OpenDataArena to Engineer Superior Training Datasetscited by 4
- 2026Every Coin Has Two Sides: On the Dual Nature of Generalization in On-Policy Distillation of Large Language Modelscited by 3
- 2026Expert-validated STEM QAcited by 0
- 2026Every Coin Has Two Sides: On the Dual Nature of Generalization in On-Policy Distillation of Large Language Models17 Aug 2026
- 2026Expert-validated STEM QA6 Jun 2026
- 2025Closing the Data Loop: Using OpenDataArena to Engineer Superior Training Datasets30 Dec 2025
- 2025Hala Technical Report: Building Arabic-Centric Instruction & Translation Models at Scale17 Sep 2025
- 2025Rubrics as Rewards: Reinforcement Learning Beyond Verifiable Domains23 Jul 2025
- 2025InternVL3: Exploring Advanced Training and Test-Time Recipes for Open-Source Multimodal Models14 Apr 2025
- 2025ILLUME+: Illuminating Unified MLLM with Dual Visual Tokenization and Diffusion Refinement2 Apr 2025
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