Multicultural Spyfall: Assessing LLMs through Dynamic Multilingual Social Deduction Game
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Abstract (arXiv)
The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has necessitated more robust evaluation methods that go beyond static benchmarks, which are increasingly prone to data saturation and leakage. In this paper, we propose a dynamic benchmarking framework for evaluating multilingual and multicultural capabilities through the social deduction game Spyfall. In our setup, models must engage in strategic dialogue to either identify a secret agent or avoid detection, utilizing culturally relevant locations or local foods. Our results show that our game-based rankings align closely with the Chatbot Arena. However, we find a significant performance gap in non-English contexts: models are generally less proficient when handling locally specific entities and often struggle with rule-following or strategic integrity in non-English languages. We demonstrate that this game-based approach provides a scalable, leakage-resistant, and culturally nuanced alternative to traditional NLP benchmarks. The game history can be accessed here https://huggingface.co/datasets/haryoaw/cultural-spyfall.
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References · 20
- 2024Chatbot Arena: An Open Platform for Evaluating LLMs by Human Preferencecited by 1,151
- 2016Bag of Tricks for Efficient Text Classificationcited by 869
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- 2024BLEnD: A Benchmark for LLMs on Everyday Knowledge in Diverse Cultures and Languagescited by 171
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- 2024GameBench: Evaluating Strategic Reasoning Abilities of LLM Agentscited by 89
- 2024Werewolf Arena: A Case Study in LLM Evaluation via Social Deductioncited by 42
- 2023COPAL-ID: Indonesian Language Reasoning with Local Culture and Nuancescited by 35
- 2024GameArena: Evaluating LLM Reasoning through Live Computer Gamescited by 32
8 more
- 2025The Bitter Lesson Learned from 2,000+ Multilingual Benchmarkscited by 31
- 2024AMONGAGENTS: Evaluating Large Language Models in the Interactive Text-Based Social Deduction Gamecited by 26
- 2024Evaluating the Performance of Large Language Models via Debatescited by 19
- 2025Commonsense Reasoning in Arab Culturecited by 16
- 2025WOLF: Werewolf-based Observations for LLM Deception and Falsehoodscited by 13
- 2024AL-QASIDA: Analyzing LLM Quality and Accuracy Systematically in Dialectal Arabiccited by 11
- 2025Beyond Survival: Evaluating LLMs in Social Deduction Games with Human-Aligned Strategiescited by 9
- 2024Fine-Grained and Thematic Evaluation of LLMs in Social Deduction Gamecited by 3
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