VideoZoomer: Reinforcement-Learned Temporal Focusing for Long Video Reasoning
On the map: LLM reasoning → Multimodal reasoning
Abstract (arXiv)
Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in vision-language tasks yet remain limited in long video understanding due to the limited context window. Consequently, prevailing approaches tend to rely on uniform frame sampling or static pre-selection, which might overlook critical evidence and unable to correct its initial selection error during its reasoning process. To overcome these limitations, we propose VideoZoomer, a novel agentic framework that enables MLLMs to dynamically control their visual focus during reasoning. Starting from a coarse low-frame-rate overview, VideoZoomer invokes a temporal zoom tool to obtain high-frame-rate clips at autonomously chosen moments, thereby progressively gathering fine-grained evidence in a multi-turn interactive manner. Accordingly, we adopt a two-stage training strategy: a cold-start supervised fine-tuning phase on a curated dataset of distilled exemplar and reflection trajectories, followed by reinforcement learning to further refine the agentic policy. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our 7B model delivers diverse and complex reasoning patterns, yielding strong performance across a broad set of long video understanding and reasoning benchmarks. These emergent capabilities allow it to consistently surpass existing open-source models and even rival proprietary systems on challenging tasks, while achieving superior efficiency under reduced frame budgets.
Key facts. Cited by 27 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Multimodal reasoning, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 44 of its 54 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 26 Dec 2025.
Builds on
44 of 54 references.
Closest ancestors · 9
Same direction, newest first
- 2025Scaling RL to Long Videos10 Jul
- 2025Pixel Reasoner: Incentivizing Pixel-Space Reasoning with Curiosity-Driven Reinforcement Learning21 May
- 2025DeepEyes: Incentivizing "Thinking with Images" via Reinforcement Learning20 May
- 2025VL-Rethinker: Incentivizing Self-Reflection of Vision-Language Models with Reinforcement Learning10 Apr
- 2025Video-R1: Reinforcing Video Reasoning in MLLMs27 Mar
- 2025Reason-RFT: Reinforcement Fine-Tuning for Visual Reasoning of Vision Language Models26 Mar
- 2025MM-Eureka: Exploring the Frontiers of Multimodal Reasoning with Rule-based Reinforcement Learning10 Mar
- 2025Seg-Zero: Reasoning-Chain Guided Segmentation via Cognitive Reinforcement9 Mar
- 2024Expanding Performance Boundaries of Open-Source Multimodal Models with Model, Data, and Test-Time Scaling6 Dec
Other references · 35
- 2024DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Modelscited by 9,379
- 2025Qwen3 Technical Reportcited by 8,820
- 2025DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learningcited by 6,330
- 2025Qwen2.5-VL Technical Reportcited by 5,587
- 2025Gemini 2.5: Pushing the Frontier with Advanced Reasoning, Multimodality, Long Context, and Next Generation Agentic Capabilitiescited by 3,796
- 2025DAPO: An Open-Source LLM Reinforcement Learning System at Scalecited by 2,810
- 2024HybridFlow: A Flexible and Efficient RLHF Frameworkcited by 2,057
- 2024LlamaFactory: Unified Efficient Fine-Tuning of 100+ Language Modelscited by 1,464
- 2024Video-MME: The First-Ever Comprehensive Evaluation Benchmark of Multi-modal LLMs in Video Analysiscited by 1,413
- 2023Video-LLaVA: Learning United Visual Representation by Alignment Before Projectioncited by 1,402
- 2024OpenAI o1 System Cardcited by 1,244
- 2025Kimi k1.5: Scaling Reinforcement Learning with LLMscited by 1,210
23 more
- 2024LongVideoBench: A Benchmark for Long-context Interleaved Video-Language Understandingcited by 665
- 2024LLaVA-Video: Video Instruction Tuning With Synthetic Datacited by 583
- 2025LIMO: Less is More for Reasoningcited by 498
- 2019CLEVRER: CoLlision Events for Video REpresentation and Reasoningcited by 484
- 2024LVBench: An Extreme Long Video Understanding Benchmarkcited by 410
- 2024TempCompass: Do Video LLMs Really Understand Videos?cited by 363
- 2024LongVU: Spatiotemporal Adaptive Compression for Long Video-Language Understandingcited by 356
- 2024LongVILA: Scaling Long-Context Visual Language Models for Long Videoscited by 309
- 2024MLVU: Benchmarking Multi-task Long Video Understandingcited by 292
- 2025Video-MMMU: Evaluating Knowledge Acquisition from Multi-Discipline Professional Videoscited by 236
- 2024Video-XL: Extra-Long Vision Language Model for Hour-Scale Video Understandingcited by 213
- 2024AuroraCap: Efficient, Performant Video Detailed Captioning and a New Benchmarkcited by 140
- 2024Kangaroo: A Powerful Video-Language Model Supporting Long-context Video Inputcited by 134
- 2025MMSearch-R1: Incentivizing LMMs to Searchcited by 124
- 2025Deep Video Discovery: Agentic Search with Tool Use for Long-form Video Understandingcited by 98
- 2024TemporalBench: Benchmarking Fine-grained Temporal Understanding for Multimodal Video Modelscited by 97
- 2024Frame-Voyager: Learning to Query Frames for Video Large Language Modelscited by 83
- 2025Video-XL-Pro: Reconstructive Token Compression for Extremely Long Video Understandingcited by 49
- 2025Video-MMLU: A Massive Multi-Discipline Lecture Understanding Benchmarkcited by 37
- 2025VideoExplorer: Think With Videos For Agentic Long-Video Understandingcited by 29
- 2025TSPO: Temporal Sampling Policy Optimization for Long-form Video Language Understandingcited by 25
- 2025Does Your Vision-Language Model Get Lost in the Long Video Sampling Dilemma?cited by 20
- 2025CrossLMM: Decoupling Long Video Sequences from LMMs via Dual Cross-Attention Mechanismscited by 11
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 1; 2026: 26.
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- 2026Video-o3: Native Interleaved Clue Seeking for Long Video Multi-Hop Reasoningcited by 24
- 2026LVOmniBench: Pioneering Long Audio-Video Understanding Evaluation for Omnimodal LLMscited by 24
- 2025Active Perception Agent for Omnimodal Audio-Video Understandingcited by 13
- 2026From Narrow to Panoramic Vision: Attention-Guided Cold-Start Reshapes Multimodal Reasoningcited by 8
- 2026VideoZeroBench: Probing the Limits of Video MLLMs with Spatio-Temporal Evidence Verificationcited by 7
- 2026ParaVT: Taming the Tool Prior Paradox for Parallel Tool Use in Agentic Video Reinforcement Learningcited by 6
- 2026Video Understanding: From Geometry and Semantics to Unified Modelscited by 5
- 2026VisionCoach: Reinforcing Grounded Video Reasoning via Visual-Perception Promptingcited by 4
- 2026HiMu: Hierarchical Multimodal Frame Selection for Long Video Question Answeringcited by 4
- 2026Watch, Remember, Reason: Human-View Video Understanding with MLLMscited by 4
- 2026When Thinking Hurts: Mitigating Visual Forgetting in Video Reasoning via Frame Repetitioncited by 3
- 2026DynFrame: Adaptive Reasoning-Driven Multimodal Framework with Dynamic Frame Augmentation for Complex Video Understandingcited by 1
15 more
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- 2026One Skill Does Not Fit All: Automatic Discovery and Taxonomy-Guided Routing of Frame-Selection Skills for Long-Video Question Answeringcited by 1
- 2026Zoom In, Reason Out: Efficient Far-field Anomaly Detection in Expressway Surveillance Videos via Focused VLM Reasoning Guided by Bayesian Inferencecited by 0
- 2026video-SALMONN-R3: Learning to ReWatch, ReAsk, and ReAnswer for Efficient Video Understandingcited by 0
- 2026DELTAVID: Enhancing Fine-Grained Spatiotemporal Perception with Cross-Video Differencescited by 0
- 2026Searching Videos as Trees: Self-Correcting Agents for Grounded Long Video QAcited by 0
- 2026CADER: Confidence-Aware Dynamic Evidence Reasoning for Long-Video Understandingcited by 0
- 2026SCOUT: Self-Checking and Recovery-Aware Tool-Thought Agents for Ultra-Long Egocentric Video Reasoningcited by 0
- 2026FORTE: Adaptive Scoring and Exact Keyframe Selection for Long-Video Question Answeringcited by 0
- 2026Video Evidence Indexing: Learning Where to Look from Video Previews for Token-Budgeted Long-Video Question Answeringcited by 0
- 2026VideoEvoHarness: Self Evolving Agent Harness from Unlabeled Videos for Video Understandingcited by 0
- 2026WIRE: Weight Space Implicit Representation Encoding of Frozen Video LLMscited by 0
- 2026Open-o3-Video-v2: Seek, Ground, and Reason with Verifiable Spatio-Temporal Evidencecited by 0
- 2026Open-o3-Video-v2: Seek, Ground, and Reason with Verifiable Spatio-Temporal Evidence13 Oct 2026
- 2026WIRE: Weight Space Implicit Representation Encoding of Frozen Video LLMs12 Oct 2026
- 2026VideoEvoHarness: Self Evolving Agent Harness from Unlabeled Videos for Video Understanding11 Oct 2026
- 2026Video Evidence Indexing: Learning Where to Look from Video Previews for Token-Budgeted Long-Video Question Answering30 Sep 2026
- 2026FORTE: Adaptive Scoring and Exact Keyframe Selection for Long-Video Question Answering30 Sep 2026
- 2026One Skill Does Not Fit All: Automatic Discovery and Taxonomy-Guided Routing of Frame-Selection Skills for Long-Video Question Answering11 Sep 2026
- 2026Thinking with Cameras: Active Visual Reasoning via Dynamic Viewpoint Control for Surveillance Video Understanding6 Sep 2026
- 2026SCOUT: Self-Checking and Recovery-Aware Tool-Thought Agents for Ultra-Long Egocentric Video Reasoning8 Aug 2026
- 2026When and Where to Look: Adaptive Visual Evidence Scheduling for Efficient Long Video Understanding4 Aug 2026
- 2026CADER: Confidence-Aware Dynamic Evidence Reasoning for Long-Video Understanding27 Jul 2026
- 2026Searching Videos as Trees: Self-Correcting Agents for Grounded Long Video QA17 Jul 2026
- 2026DELTAVID: Enhancing Fine-Grained Spatiotemporal Perception with Cross-Video Differences26 Jun 2026
15 more
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- 2026Watch, Remember, Reason: Human-View Video Understanding with MLLMs5 Jun 2026
- 2026VTI-CoT: Visual-Textual Interleaved Chain of Thought for Video Reasoning4 Jun 2026
- 2026DynFrame: Adaptive Reasoning-Driven Multimodal Framework with Dynamic Frame Augmentation for Complex Video Understanding26 May 2026
- 2026ParaVT: Taming the Tool Prior Paradox for Parallel Tool Use in Agentic Video Reinforcement Learning19 May 2026
- 2026Zoom In, Reason Out: Efficient Far-field Anomaly Detection in Expressway Surveillance Videos via Focused VLM Reasoning Guided by Bayesian Inference26 Apr 2026
- 2026VideoZeroBench: Probing the Limits of Video MLLMs with Spatio-Temporal Evidence Verification2 Apr 2026
- 2026LVOmniBench: Pioneering Long Audio-Video Understanding Evaluation for Omnimodal LLMs19 Mar 2026
- 2026HiMu: Hierarchical Multimodal Frame Selection for Long Video Question Answering19 Mar 2026
- 2026Video Understanding: From Geometry and Semantics to Unified Models18 Mar 2026
- 2026When Thinking Hurts: Mitigating Visual Forgetting in Video Reasoning via Frame Repetition17 Mar 2026
- 2026VisionCoach: Reinforcing Grounded Video Reasoning via Visual-Perception Prompting15 Mar 2026
- 2026From Narrow to Panoramic Vision: Attention-Guided Cold-Start Reshapes Multimodal Reasoning4 Mar 2026
- 2026Video-o3: Native Interleaved Clue Seeking for Long Video Multi-Hop Reasoning30 Jan 2026
- 2025Active Perception Agent for Omnimodal Audio-Video Understanding29 Dec 2025
- 2026Video-o3: Native Interleaved Clue Seeking for Long Video Multi-Hop Reasoningcited by 24
- 2026From Narrow to Panoramic Vision: Attention-Guided Cold-Start Reshapes Multimodal Reasoningcited by 8
- 2026Watch, Remember, Reason: Human-View Video Understanding with MLLMscited by 4
- 2026When Thinking Hurts: Mitigating Visual Forgetting in Video Reasoning via Frame Repetitioncited by 3
- 2026DynFrame: Adaptive Reasoning-Driven Multimodal Framework with Dynamic Frame Augmentation for Complex Video Understandingcited by 1
- 2026VTI-CoT: Visual-Textual Interleaved Chain of Thought for Video Reasoningcited by 1
- 2026Thinking with Cameras: Active Visual Reasoning via Dynamic Viewpoint Control for Surveillance Video Understandingcited by 1
- 2026Zoom In, Reason Out: Efficient Far-field Anomaly Detection in Expressway Surveillance Videos via Focused VLM Reasoning Guided by Bayesian Inferencecited by 0
- 2026CADER: Confidence-Aware Dynamic Evidence Reasoning for Long-Video Understandingcited by 0
- 2026Open-o3-Video-v2: Seek, Ground, and Reason with Verifiable Spatio-Temporal Evidencecited by 0
- 2026Open-o3-Video-v2: Seek, Ground, and Reason with Verifiable Spatio-Temporal Evidence13 Oct 2026
- 2026Thinking with Cameras: Active Visual Reasoning via Dynamic Viewpoint Control for Surveillance Video Understanding6 Sep 2026
- 2026CADER: Confidence-Aware Dynamic Evidence Reasoning for Long-Video Understanding27 Jul 2026
- 2026Watch, Remember, Reason: Human-View Video Understanding with MLLMs5 Jun 2026
- 2026VTI-CoT: Visual-Textual Interleaved Chain of Thought for Video Reasoning4 Jun 2026
- 2026DynFrame: Adaptive Reasoning-Driven Multimodal Framework with Dynamic Frame Augmentation for Complex Video Understanding26 May 2026
- 2026Zoom In, Reason Out: Efficient Far-field Anomaly Detection in Expressway Surveillance Videos via Focused VLM Reasoning Guided by Bayesian Inference26 Apr 2026
- 2026When Thinking Hurts: Mitigating Visual Forgetting in Video Reasoning via Frame Repetition17 Mar 2026
- 2026From Narrow to Panoramic Vision: Attention-Guided Cold-Start Reshapes Multimodal Reasoning4 Mar 2026
- 2026Video-o3: Native Interleaved Clue Seeking for Long Video Multi-Hop Reasoning30 Jan 2026
- 2026VideoZeroBench: Probing the Limits of Video MLLMs with Spatio-Temporal Evidence Verificationcited by 7
- 2026ParaVT: Taming the Tool Prior Paradox for Parallel Tool Use in Agentic Video Reinforcement Learningcited by 6
- 2026HiMu: Hierarchical Multimodal Frame Selection for Long Video Question Answeringcited by 4
- 2026DELTAVID: Enhancing Fine-Grained Spatiotemporal Perception with Cross-Video Differencescited by 0
- 2026FORTE: Adaptive Scoring and Exact Keyframe Selection for Long-Video Question Answeringcited by 0
- 2026FORTE: Adaptive Scoring and Exact Keyframe Selection for Long-Video Question Answering30 Sep 2026
- 2026DELTAVID: Enhancing Fine-Grained Spatiotemporal Perception with Cross-Video Differences26 Jun 2026
- 2026ParaVT: Taming the Tool Prior Paradox for Parallel Tool Use in Agentic Video Reinforcement Learning19 May 2026
- 2026VideoZeroBench: Probing the Limits of Video MLLMs with Spatio-Temporal Evidence Verification2 Apr 2026
- 2026HiMu: Hierarchical Multimodal Frame Selection for Long Video Question Answering19 Mar 2026
- 2026LVOmniBench: Pioneering Long Audio-Video Understanding Evaluation for Omnimodal LLMscited by 24
- 2026Video Understanding: From Geometry and Semantics to Unified Modelscited by 5
- 2026When and Where to Look: Adaptive Visual Evidence Scheduling for Efficient Long Video Understandingcited by 1
- 2026One Skill Does Not Fit All: Automatic Discovery and Taxonomy-Guided Routing of Frame-Selection Skills for Long-Video Question Answeringcited by 1
- 2026video-SALMONN-R3: Learning to ReWatch, ReAsk, and ReAnswer for Efficient Video Understandingcited by 0
- 2026SCOUT: Self-Checking and Recovery-Aware Tool-Thought Agents for Ultra-Long Egocentric Video Reasoningcited by 0
- 2026VideoEvoHarness: Self Evolving Agent Harness from Unlabeled Videos for Video Understandingcited by 0
- 2026VideoEvoHarness: Self Evolving Agent Harness from Unlabeled Videos for Video Understanding11 Oct 2026
- 2026One Skill Does Not Fit All: Automatic Discovery and Taxonomy-Guided Routing of Frame-Selection Skills for Long-Video Question Answering11 Sep 2026
- 2026SCOUT: Self-Checking and Recovery-Aware Tool-Thought Agents for Ultra-Long Egocentric Video Reasoning8 Aug 2026
- 2026When and Where to Look: Adaptive Visual Evidence Scheduling for Efficient Long Video Understanding4 Aug 2026
- 2026video-SALMONN-R3: Learning to ReWatch, ReAsk, and ReAnswer for Efficient Video Understanding23 Jun 2026
- 2026LVOmniBench: Pioneering Long Audio-Video Understanding Evaluation for Omnimodal LLMs19 Mar 2026
- 2026Video Understanding: From Geometry and Semantics to Unified Models18 Mar 2026
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