Experience-Evolving Multi-Turn Tool-Use Agent with Hybrid Episodic-Procedural Memory
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Abstract (arXiv)
As intents unfold and environments change, multi-turn agents face continuously shifting decision contexts. Although reusing past experience is intuitively appealing, existing approaches remain limited: full trajectories are often too context-specific to transfer, while tool-level reuse ignores the surrounding context and environment. In this paper, we introduce a hybrid episodic-procedural memory strategy (H-EPM) that enables experience-induced self-evolution of multi-turn tool-use policies by adaptively reusing partially overlapping successful experiences during both inference and training. Inspired by human episodic-procedural integration, we construct a tool graph from accumulated trajectories, where recurring tool-to-tool dependencies capture procedural routines and each edge is augmented with compact episodic summaries of relevant context. At inference time, the agent dynamically balances episodic recall for contextual reasoning with procedural execution for routine steps. Beyond inference, H-EPM introduces a memory-guided reinforcement learning paradigm that directly addresses a core challenge in multi-turn agent reinforcement learning, namely ineffective exploration over long trajectories. By biasing exploration toward historically successful tool transitions, H-EPM learns a stronger policy that generalizes at inference time without relying on domain-specific experience collection. Experiments show that H-EPM consistently delivers substantial inference-time gains over strong baselines across multi-turn tool-use benchmarks, reaching improvements of up to fifty percent. It also improves reinforcement learning policy performance, achieving gains of up to forty percent on out-of-distribution tasks.
Key facts. Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 39 of its 47 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 8 Dec 2025.
Builds on
39 of 47 references.
References · 39
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27 more
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- 2024AriGraph: Learning Knowledge Graph World Models with Episodic Memory for LLM Agentscited by 102
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Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 6.
6 papers.
- 2026A Survey of Agent Memory in the Second Half: Towards Self-Evolving and Long-Horizon Agentscited by 44
- 2026EvoMemBench: Benchmarking Agent Memory from a Self-Evolving Perspectivecited by 17
- 2026EnvFactory: Scaling Tool-Use Agents via Executable Environments Synthesis and Robust RLcited by 14
- 2026Agentic Environment Engineering for Large Language Models: A Survey of Environment Modeling, Synthesis, Evaluation, and Applicationcited by 8
- 2026MemeMind: Reference-Guided Trace Construction for Offline Context Optimizationcited by 0
- 2026Learning from Failures: Heterogeneous Graph Memory for Small Language Model Tool-Using Agentscited by 0
- 2026Learning from Failures: Heterogeneous Graph Memory for Small Language Model Tool-Using Agents23 Sep 2026
- 2026MemeMind: Reference-Guided Trace Construction for Offline Context Optimization10 Aug 2026
- 2026Agentic Environment Engineering for Large Language Models: A Survey of Environment Modeling, Synthesis, Evaluation, and Application10 Jun 2026
- 2026EnvFactory: Scaling Tool-Use Agents via Executable Environments Synthesis and Robust RL18 May 2026
- 2026EvoMemBench: Benchmarking Agent Memory from a Self-Evolving Perspective18 May 2026
- 2026A Survey of Agent Memory in the Second Half: Towards Self-Evolving and Long-Horizon Agents14 Jan 2026
Similar, not cited
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- 2025Remember Me, Refine Me: A Dynamic Procedural Memory Framework for Experience-Driven Agent Evolution
- 2026CONTRAMEM: Learning Self-Evolving Procedural Memory from Contrasting Multi-Model Trajectories
- 2026SEARL: Joint Optimization of Policy and Tool Graph Memory for Self-Evolving Agents
- 2025Memento 2: Learning by Stateful Reflective Memory
- 2025Unifying Dynamic Tool Creation and Cross-Task Experience Sharing through Cognitive Memory Architecture
- 2026Experience Funnel: A State-Policy Alternating Loop for Self-Evolving Agents
- 2026SLEA-RL: Step-Level Experience Augmented Reinforcement Learning for Multi-Turn Agentic Training
- 2026BrainMem: Brain-Inspired Evolving Memory for Embodied Agent Task Planning