mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Experience-Evolving Multi-Turn Tool-Use Agent with Hybrid Episodic-Procedural Memory

arXiv 2512.07287 ↗First posted 8 Dec 2025cs.LG cs.AIcited by 6

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Abstract (arXiv)

As intents unfold and environments change, multi-turn agents face continuously shifting decision contexts. Although reusing past experience is intuitively appealing, existing approaches remain limited: full trajectories are often too context-specific to transfer, while tool-level reuse ignores the surrounding context and environment. In this paper, we introduce a hybrid episodic-procedural memory strategy (H-EPM) that enables experience-induced self-evolution of multi-turn tool-use policies by adaptively reusing partially overlapping successful experiences during both inference and training. Inspired by human episodic-procedural integration, we construct a tool graph from accumulated trajectories, where recurring tool-to-tool dependencies capture procedural routines and each edge is augmented with compact episodic summaries of relevant context. At inference time, the agent dynamically balances episodic recall for contextual reasoning with procedural execution for routine steps. Beyond inference, H-EPM introduces a memory-guided reinforcement learning paradigm that directly addresses a core challenge in multi-turn agent reinforcement learning, namely ineffective exploration over long trajectories. By biasing exploration toward historically successful tool transitions, H-EPM learns a stronger policy that generalizes at inference time without relying on domain-specific experience collection. Experiments show that H-EPM consistently delivers substantial inference-time gains over strong baselines across multi-turn tool-use benchmarks, reaching improvements of up to fifty percent. It also improves reinforcement learning policy performance, achieving gains of up to forty percent on out-of-distribution tasks.

Key facts. Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 39 of its 47 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 8 Dec 2025.

Builds on

39 of 47 references.

References · 39

  1. 2024DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Modelscited by 9,379
  2. 2024HybridFlow: A Flexible and Efficient RLHF Frameworkcited by 2,057
  3. 2024τ-bench: A Benchmark for Tool-Agent-User Interaction in Real-World Domainscited by 1,402
  4. 2025A-MEM: Agentic Memory for LLM Agentscited by 1,063
  5. 2025Mem0: Building Production-Ready AI Agents with Scalable Long-Term Memorycited by 779
  6. 2025τ2-Bench: Evaluating Conversational Agents in a Dual-Control Environmentcited by 627
  7. 2025Group-in-Group Policy Optimization for LLM Agent Trainingcited by 497
  8. 2025RAGEN: Understanding Self-Evolution in LLM Agents via Multi-Turn Reinforcement Learningcited by 386
  9. 2024ToolSandbox: A Stateful, Conversational, Interactive Evaluation Benchmark for LLM Tool Use Capabilitiescited by 295
  10. 2025ReasoningBank: Scaling Agent Self-Evolving with Reasoning Memorycited by 284
  11. 2024Agent S: An Open Agentic Framework that Uses Computers Like a Humancited by 187
  12. 2025APIGen-MT: Agentic Pipeline for Multi-Turn Data Generation via Simulated Agent-Human Interplaycited by 167
27 more
  1. 2024EASYTOOL: Enhancing LLM-based Agents with Concise Tool Instructioncited by 154
  2. 2024A Human-Inspired Reading Agent with Gist Memory of Very Long Contextscited by 146
  3. 2025LightThinker: Thinking Step-by-Step Compressioncited by 104
  4. 2024AriGraph: Learning Knowledge Graph World Models with Episodic Memory for LLM Agentscited by 102
  5. 2025How Memory Management Impacts LLM Agents: An Empirical Study of Experience-Following Behaviorcited by 101
  6. 2023SCM: Enhancing Large Language Model with Self-Controlled Memory Frameworkcited by 98
  7. 2024KG-Agent: An Efficient Autonomous Agent Framework for Complex Reasoning over Knowledge Graphcited by 93
  8. 2025AgentEvolver: Towards Efficient Self-Evolving Agent Systemcited by 85
  9. 2024From Isolated Conversations to Hierarchical Schemas: Dynamic Tree Memory Representation for LLMscited by 79
  10. 2024Beyond Browsing: API-Based Web Agentscited by 78
  11. 2025ACEBench: Who Wins the Match Point in Tool Usage?cited by 71
  12. 2024ToolNet: Connecting Large Language Models with Massive Tools via Tool Graphcited by 60
  13. 2023ControlLLM: Augment Language Models with Tools by Searching on Graphscited by 59
  14. 2025Evaluating LLM-based Agents for Multi-Turn Conversations: A Surveycited by 57
  15. 2024Can LLM Graph Reasoning Generalize beyond Pattern Memorization?cited by 47
  16. 2024Can Graph Learning Improve Planning in LLM-based Agents?cited by 43
  17. 2025Advancing Reasoning in Large Language Models: Promising Methods and Approachescited by 43
  18. 2025SciToolAgent: A Knowledge Graph-Driven Scientific Agent for Multi-Tool Integrationcited by 43
  19. 2025ChemAgent: Self-updating Library in Large Language Models Improves Chemical Reasoningcited by 41
  20. 2025Magnet: Multi-turn Tool-use Data Synthesis and Distillation via Graph Translationcited by 37
  21. 2025MUA-RL: Multi-turn User-interacting Agent Reinforcement Learning for agentic tool usecited by 32
  22. 2024Long Term Memory: The Foundation of AI Self-Evolutioncited by 30
  23. 2024ToolFlow: Boosting LLM Tool-Calling Through Natural and Coherent Dialogue Synthesiscited by 30
  24. 2025MemEngine: A Unified and Modular Library for Developing Advanced Memory of LLM-based Agentscited by 17
  25. 2025Graph-Augmented Large Language Model Agents: Current Progress and Future Prospectscited by 14
  26. 2025Rethinking Stateful Tool Use in Multi-Turn Dialogues: Benchmarks and Challengescited by 12
  27. 2025GTool: Graph Enhanced Tool Planning with Large Language Modelcited by 10

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 6.

6 papers.

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  1. 2025Remember Me, Refine Me: A Dynamic Procedural Memory Framework for Experience-Driven Agent Evolution
  2. 2026CONTRAMEM: Learning Self-Evolving Procedural Memory from Contrasting Multi-Model Trajectories
  3. 2026SEARL: Joint Optimization of Policy and Tool Graph Memory for Self-Evolving Agents
  4. 2025Memento 2: Learning by Stateful Reflective Memory
  5. 2025Unifying Dynamic Tool Creation and Cross-Task Experience Sharing through Cognitive Memory Architecture
  6. 2026Experience Funnel: A State-Policy Alternating Loop for Self-Evolving Agents
  7. 2026SLEA-RL: Step-Level Experience Augmented Reinforcement Learning for Multi-Turn Agentic Training
  8. 2026BrainMem: Brain-Inspired Evolving Memory for Embodied Agent Task Planning