mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Purrception: Variational Flow Matching for Vector-Quantized Image Generation

arXiv 2510.01478 ↗First posted 1 Oct 2025cs.CV cs.AI cs.LGcited by 4

On the map: Diffusion models → Flow matching, time series and science

Abstract (arXiv)

We introduce Purrception, a variational flow matching approach for vector-quantized image generation that provides explicit categorical supervision while maintaining continuous transport dynamics. Our method adapts Variational Flow Matching to vector-quantized latents by learning categorical posteriors over codebook indices while computing velocity fields in the continuous embedding space. This combines the geometric awareness of continuous methods with the discrete supervision of categorical approaches, enabling uncertainty quantification over plausible codes and temperature-controlled generation. We evaluate Purrception on ImageNet-1k 256x256 generation. Training converges faster than both continuous flow matching and discrete flow matching baselines while achieving competitive FID scores with state-of-the-art models. This demonstrates that Variational Flow Matching can effectively bridge continuous transport and discrete supervision for improved training efficiency in image generation.

Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Flow matching, time series and science, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 45 of its 54 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 1 Oct 2025.

Builds on

45 of 54 references.

Closest ancestors · 12

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2025Controlled Generation with Equivariant Variational Flow Matching23 Jun
  2. 2025Exponential Family Variational Flow Matching for Tabular Data Generation6 Jun
  3. 2024Discrete Flow Matching22 Jul
  4. 2024Variational Flow Matching for Graph Generation7 Jun
  5. 2024Fisher Flow Matching for Generative Modeling over Discrete Data23 May
  6. 2024Dirichlet Flow Matching with Applications to DNA Sequence Design8 Feb
  7. 2023Flow Matching in Latent Space17 Jul
  8. 2023Flow Matching for Scalable Simulation-Based Inference26 May
  9. 2023Flow Matching on General Geometries7 Feb
  10. 2022Flow Matching for Generative Modeling6 Oct
  11. 2022Flow Straight and Fast: Learning to Generate and Transfer Data with Rectified Flow7 Sep
  12. 2022Flow-matching -- efficient coarse-graining of molecular dynamics without forces21 Mar

Other references · 33

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  2. 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 20,851
  3. 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,694
  4. 2020Score-Based Generative Modeling through Stochastic Differential Equationscited by 8,964
  5. 2021Diffusion Models Beat GANs on Image Synthesiscited by 8,185
  6. 2015Deep Unsupervised Learning using Nonequilibrium Thermodynamicscited by 7,005
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  10. 2017Neural Discrete Representation Learningcited by 4,650
  11. 2021Zero-Shot Text-to-Image Generationcited by 4,276
  12. 2024Scaling Rectified Flow Transformers for High-Resolution Image Synthesiscited by 4,094
21 more
  1. 2020Taming Transformers for High-Resolution Image Synthesiscited by 3,229
  2. 2017Decoupled Weight Decay Regularizationcited by 1,722
  3. 2021Structured Denoising Diffusion Models in Discrete State-Spacescited by 1,665
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  5. 2021Cascaded Diffusion Models for High Fidelity Image Generationcited by 1,155
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  8. 2023Stochastic Interpolants: A Unifying Framework for Flows and Diffusionscited by 897
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  10. 2024Autoregressive Model Beats Diffusion: Llama for Scalable Image Generationcited by 760
  11. 2024SiT: Exploring Flow and Diffusion-based Generative Models with Scalable Interpolant Transformerscited by 707
  12. 2022Autoregressive Image Generation using Residual Quantizationcited by 706
  13. 2021Vector-quantized Image Modeling with Improved VQGANcited by 656
  14. 2021Score-based Generative Modeling in Latent Spacecited by 634
  15. 2021Argmax Flows and Multinomial Diffusion: Learning Categorical Distributionscited by 566
  16. 2021Autoregressive Diffusion Modelscited by 208
  17. 2023Small-scale proxies for large-scale Transformer training instabilitiescited by 182
  18. 2024Open-MAGVIT2: An Open-Source Project Toward Democratizing Auto-regressive Visual Generationcited by 153
  19. 2022Improved Vector Quantized Diffusion Modelscited by 62
  20. 2023Latent Space Editing in Transformer-Based Flow Matchingcited by 32
  21. 2024[MASK] is All You Needcited by 11

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 1; 2026: 3.

4 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2026Posterior Augmented Flow Matching
  2. 2025Low-Bit, High-Fidelity: Optimal Transport Quantization for Flow Matching
  3. 2025Graph Flow Matching: Enhancing Image Generation with Neighbor-Aware Flow Fields
  4. 2025Learning Straight Flows: Variational Flow Matching for Efficient Generation
  5. 2026Stable Velocity: A Variance Perspective on Flow Matching
  6. 2026Flow Matching with Uncertainty Quantification and Guidance
  7. 2026Laplacian Multi-scale Flow Matching for Generative Modeling
  8. 2026Temporal Pair Consistency for Variance-Reduced Flow Matching