Shared Latent Space of Font Shapes and Their Noisy Impressions
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Abstract (arXiv)
Styles of typefaces or fonts are often associated with specific impressions, such as heavy, contemporary, or elegant. This indicates that there are certain correlations between font shapes and their impressions. To understand the correlations, this paper realizes a shared latent space where a font and its impressions are embedded nearby. The difficulty is that the impression words attached to a font are often very noisy. This is because impression words are very subjective and diverse. More importantly, some impression words have no direct relevance to the font shapes and will disturb the realization of the shared latent space. We, therefore, use DeepSets for enhancing shape-relevant words and suppressing shape irrelevant words automatically while training the shared latent space. Quantitative and qualitative experimental results with a large-scale font-impression dataset demonstrate that the shared latent space by the proposed method describes the correlation appropriately, especially for the shape-relevant impression words.
Key facts. Cited by 7 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 13 of its 23 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 23 Mar 2021.
Builds on
13 of 23 references.
References · 13
- 2013Distributed Representations of Words and Phrases and their Compositionalitycited by 3,462
- 2017Deep Setscited by 1,394
- 2014Deep Visual-Semantic Alignments for Generating Image Descriptionscited by 966
- 2014Show and Tell: A Neural Image Caption Generatorcited by 877
- 2019Scene Text Visual Question Answeringcited by 327
- 2013Zero-Shot Learning Through Cross-Modal Transfercited by 237
- 2014From Captions to Visual Concepts and Backcited by 109
- 2019Large-scale Tag-based Font Retrieval with Generative Feature Learningcited by 22
- 2021Impressions2Font: Generating Fonts by Specifying Impressionscited by 10
- 2019Modality Conversion of Handwritten Patterns by Cross Variational Autoencoderscited by 8
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1 more
- 2020Effect of Text Color on Word Embeddingscited by 4
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2023: 1; 2024: 3; 2025: 1; 2026: 2.
7 papers.
- 2024Impression-CLIP: Contrastive Shape-Impression Embedding for Fontscited by 3
- 2026VecGlypher: Unified Vector Glyph Generation with Language Modelscited by 3
- 2025Embedding Font Impression Word Tags Based on Co-occurrencecited by 1
- 2023Local Style Awareness of Font Imagescited by 0
- 2024Font Impression Estimation in the Wildcited by 0
- 2024Total Disentanglement of Font Images into Style and Character Class Featurescited by 0
- 2026Hierarchical Co-Embedding of Font Shapes and Impression Tagscited by 0
- 2026Hierarchical Co-Embedding of Font Shapes and Impression Tags5 Apr 2026
- 2026VecGlypher: Unified Vector Glyph Generation with Language Models25 Feb 2026
- 2025Embedding Font Impression Word Tags Based on Co-occurrence26 Aug 2025
- 2024Total Disentanglement of Font Images into Style and Character Class Features19 Mar 2024
- 2024Impression-CLIP: Contrastive Shape-Impression Embedding for Fonts26 Feb 2024
- 2024Font Impression Estimation in the Wild23 Feb 2024
- 2023Local Style Awareness of Font Images10 Oct 2023