The INTERSPEECH 2020 Deep Noise Suppression Challenge: Datasets, Subjective Testing Framework, and Challenge Results
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Abstract (arXiv)
The INTERSPEECH 2020 Deep Noise Suppression (DNS) Challenge is intended to promote collaborative research in real-time single-channel Speech Enhancement aimed to maximize the subjective (perceptual) quality of the enhanced speech. A typical approach to evaluate the noise suppression methods is to use objective metrics on the test set obtained by splitting the original dataset. While the performance is good on the synthetic test set, often the model performance degrades significantly on real recordings. Also, most of the conventional objective metrics do not correlate well with subjective tests and lab subjective tests are not scalable for a large test set. In this challenge, we open-sourced a large clean speech and noise corpus for training the noise suppression models and a representative test set to real-world scenarios consisting of both synthetic and real recordings. We also open-sourced an online subjective test framework based on ITU-T P.808 for researchers to reliably test their developments. We evaluated the results using P.808 on a blind test set. The results and the key learnings from the challenge are discussed. The datasets and scripts can be found here for quick access https://github.com/microsoft/DNS-Challenge.
Key facts. Cited by 128 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 16 May 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 11; 2022: 22; 2023: 24; 2024: 16; 2025: 27; 2026: 28.
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- 2021SpeechBrain: A General-Purpose Speech Toolkitcited by 404
- 2022Speech Enhancement and Dereverberation with Diffusion-based Generative Modelscited by 195
- 2021NISQA: A Deep CNN-Self-Attention Model for Multidimensional Speech Quality Prediction with Crowdsourced Datasetscited by 189
- 2022Universal Speech Enhancement with Score-based Diffusioncited by 75
- 2023Generative Pre-training for Speech with Flow Matchingcited by 55
- 2021Interspeech 2021 Deep Noise Suppression Challengecited by 43
- 2024MaskSR: Masked Language Model for Full-band Speech Restorationcited by 24
- 2025AnyEnhance: A Unified Generative Model with Prompt-Guidance and Self-Critic for Voice Enhancementcited by 23
- 2022RemixIT: Continual self-training of speech enhancement models via bootstrapped remixingcited by 20
- 2024Speech Robust Bench: A Robustness Benchmark For Speech Recognitioncited by 20
- 2021Transformers with Competitive Ensembles of Independent Mechanismscited by 19
- 2022SpeechLMScore: Evaluating speech generation using speech language modelcited by 19
38 more
- 2025LLaSE-G1: Incentivizing Generalization Capability for LLaMA-based Speech Enhancementcited by 19
- 2024NOTSOFAR-1 Challenge: New Datasets, Baseline, and Tasks for Distant Meeting Transcriptioncited by 18
- 2025FlowSE: Efficient and High-Quality Speech Enhancement via Flow Matchingcited by 17
- 2025Ming-UniAudio: Speech LLM for Joint Understanding, Generation and Editing with Unified Representationcited by 15
- 2022Speech Denoising in the Waveform Domain with Self-Attentioncited by 13
- 2022Efficient Transformer-based Speech Enhancement Using Long Frames and STFT Magnitudescited by 10
- 2022Self-Supervised Learning for Speech Enhancement through Synthesiscited by 10
- 2022ESPnet-SE++: Speech Enhancement for Robust Speech Recognition, Translation, and Understandingcited by 8
- 2022LA-VocE: Low-SNR Audio-visual Speech Enhancement using Neural Vocoderscited by 8
- 2023Joint Prediction and Denoising for Large-scale Multilingual Self-supervised Learningcited by 8
- 2021InQSS: a speech intelligibility and quality assessment model using a multi-task learning networkcited by 7
- 2023Ultra Low Complexity Deep Learning Based Noise Suppressioncited by 7
- 2024Self-Supervised Speech Quality Estimation and Enhancement Using Only Clean Speechcited by 7
- 2025Speech Enhancement Using Continuous Embeddings of Neural Audio Codeccited by 7
- 2025Multi-Metric Preference Alignment for Generative Speech Restorationcited by 7
- 2021Training Speech Enhancement Systems with Noisy Speech Datasetscited by 6
- 2021Continual self-training with bootstrapped remixing for speech enhancementcited by 6
- 2022Multi-View Attention Transfer for Efficient Speech Enhancementcited by 6
- 2023Rethinking complex-valued deep neural networks for monaural speech enhancementcited by 6
- 2023Dynamic nsNet2: Efficient Deep Noise Suppression with Early Exitingcited by 6
- 2021Monaural Speech Enhancement with Complex Convolutional Block Attention Module and Joint Time Frequency Lossescited by 5
- 2022Phase-Aware Deep Speech Enhancement: It's All About The Frame Lengthcited by 5
- 2022Improving Speech Enhancement through Fine-Grained Speech Characteristicscited by 5
- 2022Speech separation with large-scale self-supervised learningcited by 5
- 2022SceneFake: An Initial Dataset and Benchmarks for Scene Fake Audio Detectioncited by 5
- 2024A Variance-Preserving Interpolation Approach for Diffusion Models with Applications to Single Channel Speech Enhancement and Recognitioncited by 5
- 2024Dynamic Gated Recurrent Neural Network for Compute-efficient Speech Enhancementcited by 5
- 2024Joint Semantic Knowledge Distillation and Masked Acoustic Modeling for Full-band Speech Restoration with Improved Intelligibilitycited by 5
- 2025PASE: Leveraging the Phonological Prior of WavLM for Low-Hallucination Generative Speech Enhancementcited by 5
- 2026FlowSE-GRPO: Training Flow Matching Speech Enhancement via Online Reinforcement Learningcited by 5
- 2022Integrating Statistical Uncertainty into Neural Network-Based Speech Enhancementcited by 4
- 2023Unsupervised Data Selection for TTS: Using Arabic Broadcast News as a Case Studycited by 4
- 2023Interpretations of Domain Adaptations via Layer Variational Analysiscited by 4
- 2024RT-LA-VocE: Real-Time Low-SNR Audio-Visual Speech Enhancementcited by 4
- 2024SonicSim: A customizable simulation platform for speech processing in moving sound source scenarioscited by 4
- 2025Robust One-step Speech Enhancement via Consistency Distillationcited by 4
- 2025UniSE: A Unified Framework for Decoder-Only Autoregressive LM-Based Speech Enhancementcited by 4
- 2021Toward Degradation-Robust Voice Conversioncited by 3
50 most cited of 128 All 128 (JSON)
- 2026OP-CAD: On-Policy Clean-Audio Distillation for Robust Audio-Visual Reasoning30 Sep 2026
- 2026Audio LLMs Know When They Can't Hear You24 Sep 2026
- 2026A Harness for Synthesizing Diverse Naturalistic Full-Duplex Conversations23 Sep 2026
- 2026SG-Mamba: Sparse Graph-Guided Mamba for Audio-Visual Speech Enhancement16 Sep 2026
- 2026DriftSE: Speech Enhancement with Generative Drifting10 Sep 2026
- 2026AuK Technical Report: An Open-Source Foundational Model for Speech Generation and Editing8 Sep 2026
- 2026Discriminative Flow Matching: Beyond Time-Conditioning in Generative Restoration via Flow-State Representations3 Sep 2026
- 2026StrixAE: An Intelligent Agent for Audio Enhancement under Complex Distortion Coupling in Real-World Scenarios3 Sep 2026
- 2026Parallel Time-Band Mixing with Learned Observation-Adding for Robust ASR Front-Ends31 Aug 2026
- 2026SlimDiffuSE: Towards Efficient Diffusion-Based Speech Enhancement using Slimmable Networks21 Aug 2026
- 2026DAMOS: Learning Distortion-Aware Speech Quality Assessment through Explicit Distortion Localization21 Aug 2026
- 2026Cloud-Boosted Low-Compute Multi-Channel Speech Enhancement7 Aug 2026
38 more
- 2026VAD to the Bone: Ultra-Tiny Speech Activity Detection for Edge Deployment28 Jul 2026
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- 2026Post-Training Speech Enhancement Language Models with Perceptual Rewards19 Jun 2026
- 2026Time-Unconditional Generative Speech Enhancement via Autonomous Rectified Flow18 Jun 2026
- 2026PhASE-Flow: Phonetic-Conditioned Acoustic Flow Matching in SSL Representation Domain for Speech Enhancement16 Jun 2026
- 2026DBHN-Net: Dual-Branch Hybrid Neural Network For Low-Complexity Monaural Speech Enhancement4 Jun 2026
- 2026Mega-ASR: Towards In-the-wild^2 Speech Recognition via Scaling up Real-world Acoustic Simulation19 May 2026
- 2026Speech Enhancement Based on Drifting Models27 Apr 2026
- 2026UniPASE: A Generative Model for Universal Speech Enhancement with High Fidelity and Low Hallucinations16 Apr 2026
- 2026StuPASE: Towards Low-Hallucination Studio-Quality Generative Speech Enhancement10 Mar 2026
- 2026Towards Lightweight Adaptation of Speech Enhancement Models in Real-World Environments8 Mar 2026
- 2026An Interpretable, Controllable Time-Varying IIR Denoiser for On-Device Assistive Hearing3 Mar 2026
- 2026Routing the Lottery: Adaptive Subnetworks for Heterogeneous Data29 Jan 2026
- 2026RIR-Mega-Speech: A Reverberant Speech Corpus with Comprehensive Acoustic Metadata and Reproducible Evaluation25 Jan 2026
- 2026FlowSE-GRPO: Training Flow Matching Speech Enhancement via Online Reinforcement Learning23 Jan 2026
- 2026Fast-ULCNet: A fast and ultra low complexity network for single-channel speech enhancement21 Jan 2026
- 2025PASE: Leveraging the Phonological Prior of WavLM for Low-Hallucination Generative Speech Enhancement17 Nov 2025
- 2025Ming-UniAudio: Speech LLM for Joint Understanding, Generation and Editing with Unified Representation26 Oct 2025
- 2025UniSE: A Unified Framework for Decoder-Only Autoregressive LM-Based Speech Enhancement23 Oct 2025
- 2025Schr"odinger Bridge Mamba for One-Step Speech Enhancement19 Oct 2025
- 2025Exploring Resolution-Wise Shared Attention in Hybrid Mamba-U-Nets for Improved Cross-Corpus Speech Enhancement2 Oct 2025
- 2025SenSE: Semantic-Aware High-Fidelity Universal Speech Enhancement29 Sep 2025
- 2025Leveraging Multiple Speech Enhancers for Non-Intrusive Intelligibility Prediction for Hearing-Impaired Listeners21 Sep 2025
- 2025Leveraging Discriminative Latent Representations for Conditioning GAN-Based Speech Enhancement28 Aug 2025
- 2025The Sound of Risk: A Multimodal Physics-Informed Acoustic Model for Forecasting Market Volatility and Enhancing Market Interpretability26 Aug 2025
- 2025Multi-Metric Preference Alignment for Generative Speech Restoration24 Aug 2025
- 2025A Small-footprint Acoustic Echo Cancellation Solution for Mobile Full-Duplex Speech Interactions11 Aug 2025
- 2025Test-Time Training for Speech Enhancement3 Aug 2025
- 2025Aligning Generative Speech Enhancement with Perceptual Feedback14 Jul 2025
- 2025Knowing When to Quit: Probabilistic Early Exits for Speech Separation13 Jul 2025
- 2025Robust One-step Speech Enhancement via Consistency Distillation8 Jul 2025
- 2025MambAttention: Mamba with Multi-Head Attention for Generalizable Single-Channel Speech Enhancement1 Jul 2025
- 2025Model as Loss: A Self-Consistent Training Paradigm27 May 2025
- 2025Training-Free Multi-Step Audio Source Separation26 May 2025
- 2025FlowSE: Efficient and High-Quality Speech Enhancement via Flow Matching26 May 2025
- 2025LLaSE-G1: Incentivizing Generalization Capability for LLaMA-based Speech Enhancement1 Mar 2025
- 2025CleanMel: Mel-Spectrogram Enhancement for Improving Both Speech Quality and ASR27 Feb 2025
- 2025Speech Enhancement Using Continuous Embeddings of Neural Audio Codec22 Feb 2025
50 newest of 128 All 128 (JSON)
- 2022Speech Enhancement and Dereverberation with Diffusion-based Generative Modelscited by 195
- 2023Generative Pre-training for Speech with Flow Matchingcited by 55
- 2025FlowSE: Efficient and High-Quality Speech Enhancement via Flow Matchingcited by 17
- 2024A Variance-Preserving Interpolation Approach for Diffusion Models with Applications to Single Channel Speech Enhancement and Recognitioncited by 5
- 2026FlowSE-GRPO: Training Flow Matching Speech Enhancement via Online Reinforcement Learningcited by 5
- 2025Robust One-step Speech Enhancement via Consistency Distillationcited by 4
- 2025Conditional Latent Diffusion-Based Speech Enhancement Via Dual Context Learningcited by 3
- 2025SenSE: Semantic-Aware High-Fidelity Universal Speech Enhancementcited by 3
- 2025Leveraging Discriminative Latent Representations for Conditioning GAN-Based Speech Enhancementcited by 1
- 2026Time-Unconditional Generative Speech Enhancement via Autonomous Rectified Flowcited by 1
- 2026PhASE-Flow: Phonetic-Conditioned Acoustic Flow Matching in SSL Representation Domain for Speech Enhancementcited by 0
- 2026SlimDiffuSE: Towards Efficient Diffusion-Based Speech Enhancement using Slimmable Networkscited by 0
12 most cited of 13 All 13 (JSON)
- 2026Discriminative Flow Matching: Beyond Time-Conditioning in Generative Restoration via Flow-State Representations3 Sep 2026
- 2026SlimDiffuSE: Towards Efficient Diffusion-Based Speech Enhancement using Slimmable Networks21 Aug 2026
- 2026Time-Unconditional Generative Speech Enhancement via Autonomous Rectified Flow18 Jun 2026
- 2026PhASE-Flow: Phonetic-Conditioned Acoustic Flow Matching in SSL Representation Domain for Speech Enhancement16 Jun 2026
- 2026FlowSE-GRPO: Training Flow Matching Speech Enhancement via Online Reinforcement Learning23 Jan 2026
- 2025SenSE: Semantic-Aware High-Fidelity Universal Speech Enhancement29 Sep 2025
- 2025Leveraging Discriminative Latent Representations for Conditioning GAN-Based Speech Enhancement28 Aug 2025
- 2025Robust One-step Speech Enhancement via Consistency Distillation8 Jul 2025
- 2025FlowSE: Efficient and High-Quality Speech Enhancement via Flow Matching26 May 2025
- 2025Conditional Latent Diffusion-Based Speech Enhancement Via Dual Context Learning17 Jan 2025
- 2024A Variance-Preserving Interpolation Approach for Diffusion Models with Applications to Single Channel Speech Enhancement and Recognition27 May 2024
- 2023Generative Pre-training for Speech with Flow Matching25 Oct 2023
12 newest of 13 All 13 (JSON)
- 2025MambAttention: Mamba with Multi-Head Attention for Generalizable Single-Channel Speech Enhancementcited by 2
- 2025Schr"odinger Bridge Mamba for One-Step Speech Enhancementcited by 2
- 2025Exploring Resolution-Wise Shared Attention in Hybrid Mamba-U-Nets for Improved Cross-Corpus Speech Enhancementcited by 0
- 2026SG-Mamba: Sparse Graph-Guided Mamba for Audio-Visual Speech Enhancementcited by 0
- 2026SG-Mamba: Sparse Graph-Guided Mamba for Audio-Visual Speech Enhancement16 Sep 2026
- 2025Schr"odinger Bridge Mamba for One-Step Speech Enhancement19 Oct 2025
- 2025Exploring Resolution-Wise Shared Attention in Hybrid Mamba-U-Nets for Improved Cross-Corpus Speech Enhancement2 Oct 2025
- 2025MambAttention: Mamba with Multi-Head Attention for Generalizable Single-Channel Speech Enhancement1 Jul 2025
- 2021SpeechBrain: A General-Purpose Speech Toolkitcited by 404
- 2021NISQA: A Deep CNN-Self-Attention Model for Multidimensional Speech Quality Prediction with Crowdsourced Datasetscited by 189
- 2022Universal Speech Enhancement with Score-based Diffusioncited by 75
- 2021Interspeech 2021 Deep Noise Suppression Challengecited by 43
- 2024MaskSR: Masked Language Model for Full-band Speech Restorationcited by 24
- 2025AnyEnhance: A Unified Generative Model with Prompt-Guidance and Self-Critic for Voice Enhancementcited by 23
- 2022RemixIT: Continual self-training of speech enhancement models via bootstrapped remixingcited by 20
- 2024Speech Robust Bench: A Robustness Benchmark For Speech Recognitioncited by 20
- 2021Transformers with Competitive Ensembles of Independent Mechanismscited by 19
- 2022SpeechLMScore: Evaluating speech generation using speech language modelcited by 19
- 2025LLaSE-G1: Incentivizing Generalization Capability for LLaMA-based Speech Enhancementcited by 19
- 2024NOTSOFAR-1 Challenge: New Datasets, Baseline, and Tasks for Distant Meeting Transcriptioncited by 18
12 most cited of 106 All 106 (JSON)
- 2026Audio LLMs Know When They Can't Hear You24 Sep 2026
- 2026A Harness for Synthesizing Diverse Naturalistic Full-Duplex Conversations23 Sep 2026
- 2026DriftSE: Speech Enhancement with Generative Drifting10 Sep 2026
- 2026AuK Technical Report: An Open-Source Foundational Model for Speech Generation and Editing8 Sep 2026
- 2026StrixAE: An Intelligent Agent for Audio Enhancement under Complex Distortion Coupling in Real-World Scenarios3 Sep 2026
- 2026Parallel Time-Band Mixing with Learned Observation-Adding for Robust ASR Front-Ends31 Aug 2026
- 2026DAMOS: Learning Distortion-Aware Speech Quality Assessment through Explicit Distortion Localization21 Aug 2026
- 2026Cloud-Boosted Low-Compute Multi-Channel Speech Enhancement7 Aug 2026
- 2026VAD to the Bone: Ultra-Tiny Speech Activity Detection for Edge Deployment28 Jul 2026
- 2026SelectTSL: Prompt-Guided Selective Target Sound Localization in Complex Scenarios2 Jul 2026
- 2026DBHN-Net: Dual-Branch Hybrid Neural Network For Low-Complexity Monaural Speech Enhancement4 Jun 2026
- 2026Mega-ASR: Towards In-the-wild^2 Speech Recognition via Scaling up Real-world Acoustic Simulation19 May 2026
12 newest of 106 All 106 (JSON)