ShoppingBench: A Real-World Intent-Grounded Shopping Benchmark for LLM-based Agents
On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Social simulation and multi-agent debate
Abstract (arXiv)
Existing benchmarks in e-commerce primarily focus on basic user intents, such as finding or purchasing products. However, real-world users often pursue more complex goals, such as applying vouchers, managing budgets, and finding multi-products seller. To bridge this gap, we propose ShoppingBench, a novel end-to-end shopping benchmark designed to encompass increasingly challenging levels of grounded intent. Specifically, we propose a scalable framework to simulate user instructions based on various intents derived from sampled real-world products. To facilitate consistent and reliable evaluations, we provide a large-scale shopping sandbox that serves as an interactive simulated environment, incorporating over 2.5 million real-world products. Experimental results demonstrate that even state-of-the-art language agents (such as GPT-4.1) achieve absolute success rates under 50% on our benchmark tasks, highlighting the significant challenges posed by our ShoppingBench. In addition, we propose a trajectory distillation strategy and leverage supervised fine-tuning, along with reinforcement learning on synthetic trajectories, to distill the capabilities of a large language agent into a smaller one. As a result, our trained agent achieves competitive performance compared to GPT-4.1.
Key facts. Cited by 28 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Social simulation and multi-agent debate, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 13 of its 16 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 6 Aug 2025.
Builds on
13 of 16 references.
References · 13
- 2024DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Modelscited by 9,379
- 2022ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Modelscited by 8,695
- 2021Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Codecited by 8,320
- 2023Toolformer: Language Models Can Teach Themselves to Use Toolscited by 4,182
- 2023WebArena: A Realistic Web Environment for Building Autonomous Agentscited by 2,006
- 2024τ-bench: A Benchmark for Tool-Agent-User Interaction in Real-World Domainscited by 1,402
- 2022WebShop: Towards Scalable Real-World Web Interaction with Grounded Language Agentscited by 1,251
- 2023GAIA: a benchmark for General AI Assistantscited by 1,128
- 2023MetaTool Benchmark for Large Language Models: Deciding Whether to Use Tools and Which to Usecited by 217
- 2023EcomGPT: Instruction-tuning Large Language Models with Chain-of-Task Tasks for E-commercecited by 49
- 2024Shopping MMLU: A Massive Multi-Task Online Shopping Benchmark for Large Language Modelscited by 20
- 2023U-NEED: A Fine-grained Dataset for User Needs-Centric E-commerce Conversational Recommendationcited by 12
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 4; 2026: 24.
28 papers.
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- 2025WebMall -- A Multi-Shop Benchmark for Evaluating Web Agentscited by 17
- 2025ShoppingComp: Are LLMs Really Ready for Your Shopping Cart?cited by 9
- 2026AgenticShop: Benchmarking Agentic Product Curation for Personalized Web Shoppingcited by 7
- 2025MCP vs RAG vs NLWeb vs HTML: A Comparison of the Effectiveness and Efficiency of Different Agent Interfaces to the Web (Technical Report)cited by 6
- 2026RetailBench: Benchmarking long horizon reasoning and coherent decision making of LLM agents in realistic retail environmentscited by 6
- 2026MerchantBench: Benchmarking LLM Agents for Long-Term Coherence in E-Commerce Operationscited by 6
- 2026Shopping Companion: Benchmarking and Training LLM Agents for Long-Horizon Preference-Grounded E-Commerce Taskscited by 5
- 2026ShopGym: An Integrated Framework for Realistic Simulation and Scalable Benchmarking of E-Commerce Web Agentscited by 5
- 2026EComAgentBench: Benchmarking Shopping Agents on Long-Horizon Tasks with Distributed Hidden Intentcited by 5
- 2026SimGym: Traffic-Grounded Browser Agents for Offline A/B Testing in E-Commercecited by 4
- 2026ProductResearch: Training E-Commerce Deep Research Agents via Multi-Agent Synthetic Trajectory Distillationcited by 3
- 2026JADE: Expert-Grounded Dynamic Evaluation for Open-Ended Professional Taskscited by 2
16 more
- 2026What Makes a Sale? Simulating End-to-End Seller--Buyer Retail Dynamics with LLM Agentscited by 2
- 2026Shopping Reasoning Bench: An Expert-Authored Benchmark for Multi-Turn Conversational Shopping Assistantscited by 2
- 2026Who Pays the Price? Stakeholder-Centric Prompt Injection Benchmarking for Real-world Web Agentscited by 2
- 2026Business Arena: Benchmarking LLM Agents in a Realistic Marketplacecited by 2
- 2026Monitoring and Discovering Reward Hacking with Internal Representations during LLM Evaluationscited by 2
- 2025Performance Trade-offs of Optimizing Small Language Models for E-Commercecited by 1
- 2026RetailBench: Evaluating Long-Horizon Autonomous Decision-Making and Strategy Stability of LLM Agents in Realistic Retail Environmentscited by 1
- 2026Valley3: Scaling Omni Foundation Models for E-commercecited by 1
- 2026SimGym: A Framework for A/B Test Simulation in E-Commerce with Traffic-Grounded VLM Agentscited by 1
- 2026Agentic Commerce World: An Auditable and Verifiable Environment for Vibe Commercecited by 1
- 2026RecoAtlas: From Semantic Plausibility to Set-Level Utility in LLM Recommendation Agentscited by 0
- 2026MMShopBench: A Real-Log Benchmark for Multimodal, Multi-Turn Shopping Agentscited by 0
- 2026Evaluating Open-Weight E-Commerce Agents with Environment-Grounded Verificationcited by 0
- 2026CAVEAT: Towards Robust Computer-Use Agents in Incentive-Misaligned Environmentscited by 0
- 2026Phantom Merge: When Your Large Language Model Agents Pick One but Tell You About Anothercited by 0
- 2026Get In, Decide, Prove: A Merchant-Side Readiness Benchmark for Agentic Commercecited by 0
- 2026Get In, Decide, Prove: A Merchant-Side Readiness Benchmark for Agentic Commerce12 Oct 2026
- 2026Phantom Merge: When Your Large Language Model Agents Pick One but Tell You About Another12 Oct 2026
- 2026CAVEAT: Towards Robust Computer-Use Agents in Incentive-Misaligned Environments23 Sep 2026
- 2026Monitoring and Discovering Reward Hacking with Internal Representations during LLM Evaluations16 Sep 2026
- 2026Evaluating Open-Weight E-Commerce Agents with Environment-Grounded Verification14 Sep 2026
- 2026Business Arena: Benchmarking LLM Agents in a Realistic Marketplace9 Aug 2026
- 2026Agentic Commerce World: An Auditable and Verifiable Environment for Vibe Commerce3 Aug 2026
- 2026MMShopBench: A Real-Log Benchmark for Multimodal, Multi-Turn Shopping Agents31 Jul 2026
- 2026MerchantBench: Benchmarking LLM Agents for Long-Term Coherence in E-Commerce Operations31 Jul 2026
- 2026EComAgentBench: Benchmarking Shopping Agents on Long-Horizon Tasks with Distributed Hidden Intent16 Jun 2026
- 2026RetailBench: Benchmarking long horizon reasoning and coherent decision making of LLM agents in realistic retail environments14 Jun 2026
- 2026Who Pays the Price? Stakeholder-Centric Prompt Injection Benchmarking for Real-world Web Agents11 Jun 2026
16 more
- 2026Shopping Reasoning Bench: An Expert-Authored Benchmark for Multi-Turn Conversational Shopping Assistants10 Jun 2026
- 2026SimGym: A Framework for A/B Test Simulation in E-Commerce with Traffic-Grounded VLM Agents19 May 2026
- 2026ShopGym: An Integrated Framework for Realistic Simulation and Scalable Benchmarking of E-Commerce Web Agents15 May 2026
- 2026RecoAtlas: From Semantic Plausibility to Set-Level Utility in LLM Recommendation Agents11 May 2026
- 2026Valley3: Scaling Omni Foundation Models for E-commerce2 May 2026
- 2026What Makes a Sale? Simulating End-to-End Seller--Buyer Retail Dynamics with LLM Agents6 Apr 2026
- 2026RetailBench: Evaluating Long-Horizon Autonomous Decision-Making and Strategy Stability of LLM Agents in Realistic Retail Environments17 Mar 2026
- 2026Shopping Companion: Benchmarking and Training LLM Agents for Long-Horizon Preference-Grounded E-Commerce Tasks16 Mar 2026
- 2026ProductResearch: Training E-Commerce Deep Research Agents via Multi-Agent Synthetic Trajectory Distillation27 Feb 2026
- 2026AgenticShop: Benchmarking Agentic Product Curation for Personalized Web Shopping12 Feb 2026
- 2026JADE: Expert-Grounded Dynamic Evaluation for Open-Ended Professional Tasks6 Feb 2026
- 2026SimGym: Traffic-Grounded Browser Agents for Offline A/B Testing in E-Commerce1 Feb 2026
- 2025MCP vs RAG vs NLWeb vs HTML: A Comparison of the Effectiveness and Efficiency of Different Agent Interfaces to the Web (Technical Report)28 Nov 2025
- 2025ShoppingComp: Are LLMs Really Ready for Your Shopping Cart?28 Nov 2025
- 2025Performance Trade-offs of Optimizing Small Language Models for E-Commerce24 Oct 2025
- 2025WebMall -- A Multi-Shop Benchmark for Evaluating Web Agents18 Aug 2025
- 2025WebMall -- A Multi-Shop Benchmark for Evaluating Web Agentscited by 17
- 2026AgenticShop: Benchmarking Agentic Product Curation for Personalized Web Shoppingcited by 7
- 2025MCP vs RAG vs NLWeb vs HTML: A Comparison of the Effectiveness and Efficiency of Different Agent Interfaces to the Web (Technical Report)cited by 6
- 2026MerchantBench: Benchmarking LLM Agents for Long-Term Coherence in E-Commerce Operationscited by 6
- 2026Shopping Companion: Benchmarking and Training LLM Agents for Long-Horizon Preference-Grounded E-Commerce Taskscited by 5
- 2026ShopGym: An Integrated Framework for Realistic Simulation and Scalable Benchmarking of E-Commerce Web Agentscited by 5
- 2026EComAgentBench: Benchmarking Shopping Agents on Long-Horizon Tasks with Distributed Hidden Intentcited by 5
- 2026SimGym: Traffic-Grounded Browser Agents for Offline A/B Testing in E-Commercecited by 4
- 2026ProductResearch: Training E-Commerce Deep Research Agents via Multi-Agent Synthetic Trajectory Distillationcited by 3
- 2026JADE: Expert-Grounded Dynamic Evaluation for Open-Ended Professional Taskscited by 2
- 2026Who Pays the Price? Stakeholder-Centric Prompt Injection Benchmarking for Real-world Web Agentscited by 2
- 2026Business Arena: Benchmarking LLM Agents in a Realistic Marketplacecited by 2
12 most cited of 19 All 19 (JSON)
- 2026Get In, Decide, Prove: A Merchant-Side Readiness Benchmark for Agentic Commerce12 Oct 2026
- 2026Phantom Merge: When Your Large Language Model Agents Pick One but Tell You About Another12 Oct 2026
- 2026CAVEAT: Towards Robust Computer-Use Agents in Incentive-Misaligned Environments23 Sep 2026
- 2026Business Arena: Benchmarking LLM Agents in a Realistic Marketplace9 Aug 2026
- 2026Agentic Commerce World: An Auditable and Verifiable Environment for Vibe Commerce3 Aug 2026
- 2026MerchantBench: Benchmarking LLM Agents for Long-Term Coherence in E-Commerce Operations31 Jul 2026
- 2026EComAgentBench: Benchmarking Shopping Agents on Long-Horizon Tasks with Distributed Hidden Intent16 Jun 2026
- 2026Who Pays the Price? Stakeholder-Centric Prompt Injection Benchmarking for Real-world Web Agents11 Jun 2026
- 2026SimGym: A Framework for A/B Test Simulation in E-Commerce with Traffic-Grounded VLM Agents19 May 2026
- 2026ShopGym: An Integrated Framework for Realistic Simulation and Scalable Benchmarking of E-Commerce Web Agents15 May 2026
- 2026RecoAtlas: From Semantic Plausibility to Set-Level Utility in LLM Recommendation Agents11 May 2026
- 2026RetailBench: Evaluating Long-Horizon Autonomous Decision-Making and Strategy Stability of LLM Agents in Realistic Retail Environments17 Mar 2026
12 newest of 19 All 19 (JSON)
- 2026RetailBench: Benchmarking long horizon reasoning and coherent decision making of LLM agents in realistic retail environmentscited by 6
- 2026Shopping Reasoning Bench: An Expert-Authored Benchmark for Multi-Turn Conversational Shopping Assistantscited by 2
- 2026Valley3: Scaling Omni Foundation Models for E-commercecited by 1
- 2026RetailBench: Benchmarking long horizon reasoning and coherent decision making of LLM agents in realistic retail environments14 Jun 2026
- 2026Shopping Reasoning Bench: An Expert-Authored Benchmark for Multi-Turn Conversational Shopping Assistants10 Jun 2026
- 2026Valley3: Scaling Omni Foundation Models for E-commerce2 May 2026
- 2025ShoppingComp: Are LLMs Really Ready for Your Shopping Cart?cited by 9
- 2026What Makes a Sale? Simulating End-to-End Seller--Buyer Retail Dynamics with LLM Agentscited by 2
- 2025Performance Trade-offs of Optimizing Small Language Models for E-Commercecited by 1
- 2026MMShopBench: A Real-Log Benchmark for Multimodal, Multi-Turn Shopping Agentscited by 0
- 2026Evaluating Open-Weight E-Commerce Agents with Environment-Grounded Verificationcited by 0
- 2026Evaluating Open-Weight E-Commerce Agents with Environment-Grounded Verification14 Sep 2026
- 2026MMShopBench: A Real-Log Benchmark for Multimodal, Multi-Turn Shopping Agents31 Jul 2026
- 2026What Makes a Sale? Simulating End-to-End Seller--Buyer Retail Dynamics with LLM Agents6 Apr 2026
- 2025ShoppingComp: Are LLMs Really Ready for Your Shopping Cart?28 Nov 2025
- 2025Performance Trade-offs of Optimizing Small Language Models for E-Commerce24 Oct 2025
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2026ShopSimulator: Evaluating and Exploring RL-Driven LLM Agent for Shopping Assistants
- 2026RealWorldShop: Benchmarking and Improving Conversational Shopping Agents in Real-World E-commerce
- 2026Customer-Agent: Overcoming Context Limitations in Ultra-Long Shopping Trajectories via Tool-Augmented Agents and RLVR
- 2025DeepShop: A Benchmark for Deep Research Shopping Agents
- 2026E-Commerce Bench: Evaluating LLM Agents on Long-Horizon Autonomous Business Operation
- 2026ChatShopBuddy: Towards Reliable Conversational Shopping Agents via Reinforcement Learning
- 2026EComStage: Stage-wise and Orientation-specific Benchmarking for Large Language Models in E-commerce
- 2025Shop-R1: Rewarding LLMs to Simulate Human Behavior in Online Shopping via Reinforcement Learning