FingerTip 20K: A Benchmark for Proactive and Personalized Mobile LLM Agents
On the map: LLM agents and tool use → GUI and mobile agents
Abstract (arXiv)
Mobile GUI agents are becoming critical tools to improve user experience on smart devices, with multimodal large language models (MLLMs) emerging as the dominant paradigms in this domain. Current agents, however, rely on explicit human instructions, overlooking the potential to leverage the contextual information (like location, time, user profile) and historical data for proactive task suggestions. Besides, previous works focus on optimizing the success rate during task execution, but pay less attention to the personalized execution trajectory, thereby neglecting potentially vast differences in user preferences. To address these challenges, we introduce the FingerTip 20K benchmark. We collected 20K unique human demonstrations of multi-step Android device interactions across a variety of everyday apps. These demonstrations are not isolated but are continuously acquired from the users' long-term usage in their real lives, and encompass essential user-related contextual information. The benchmark contains two new tracks: proactive task suggestions by analyzing environment observation and users' previous intents, and personalized task execution by catering to users' action preferences. Our experiments reveal that the tracks we propose pose significant challenges for leveraging user-related information in GUI tasks. We also performed a human study to show that there exists a huge gap between existing agents and humans. The model fine-tuned with the data we collected effectively utilized user information and achieved good results, highlighting the potential of our approach in building more user-oriented mobile LLM agents. Our code is open-source at https://github.com/tsinghua-fib-lab/FingerTip-20K for reproducibility.
Key facts. Cited by 20 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in GUI and mobile agents, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 33 of its 41 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 9 Jun 2025.
Builds on
33 of 41 references.
Closest ancestors · 9
Same direction, newest first
- 2025UI-TARS: Pioneering Automated GUI Interaction with Native Agents21 Jan
- 2024AndroidLab: Training and Systematic Benchmarking of Android Autonomous Agents31 Oct
- 2024SPA-Bench: A Comprehensive Benchmark for SmartPhone Agent Evaluation19 Oct
- 2024AMEX: Android Multi-annotation Expo Dataset for Mobile GUI Agents3 Jul
- 2024On the Effects of Data Scale on UI Control Agents6 Jun
- 2024Benchmarking Mobile Device Control Agents across Diverse Configurations25 Apr
- 2024Understanding the Weakness of Large Language Model Agents within a Complex Android Environment9 Feb
- 2023AppAgent: Multimodal Agents as Smartphone Users21 Dec
- 2023CogAgent: A Visual Language Model for GUI Agents14 Dec
Other references · 24
- 2019Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networkscited by 9,170
- 2025Qwen2.5-VL Technical Reportcited by 5,587
- 2023Mind2Web: Towards a Generalist Agent for the Webcited by 1,242
- 2024DeepSeek-VL2: Mixture-of-Experts Vision-Language Models for Advanced Multimodal Understandingcited by 572
- 2024GPT-4V(ision) is a Generalist Web Agent, if Groundedcited by 563
- 2024AndroidWorld: A Dynamic Benchmarking Environment for Autonomous Agentscited by 468
- 2024WebVoyager: Building an End-to-End Web Agent with Large Multimodal Modelscited by 438
- 2023Language Models can Solve Computer Taskscited by 372
- 2023A Real-World WebAgent with Planning, Long Context Understanding, and Program Synthesiscited by 353
- 2023Android in the Wild: A Large-Scale Dataset for Android Device Controlcited by 319
- 2025Towards Large Reasoning Models: A Survey of Reinforced Reasoning with Large Language Modelscited by 293
- 2024Aguvis: Unified Pure Vision Agents for Autonomous GUI Interactioncited by 278
12 more
- 2023Synapse: Trajectory-as-Exemplar Prompting with Memory for Computer Controlcited by 187
- 2023AutoDroid: LLM-powered Task Automation in Androidcited by 184
- 2024AgentSquare: Automatic LLM Agent Search in Modular Design Spacecited by 155
- 2023GPT-4V in Wonderland: Large Multimodal Models for Zero-Shot Smartphone GUI Navigationcited by 137
- 2024Proactive Agent: Shifting LLM Agents from Reactive Responses to Active Assistancecited by 87
- 2024Tell Me More! Towards Implicit User Intention Understanding of Language Model Driven Agentscited by 74
- 2024Perceive, Reflect, and Plan: Designing LLM Agent for Goal-Directed City Navigation without Instructionscited by 25
- 2025Division-of-Thoughts: Harnessing Hybrid Language Model Synergy for Efficient On-Device Agentscited by 25
- 2025AgentRecBench: Benchmarking LLM Agent-based Personalized Recommender Systemscited by 23
- 2024Large Language Model-driven Meta-structure Discovery in Heterogeneous Information Networkcited by 16
- 2025AgentSociety Challenge: Designing LLM Agents for User Modeling and Recommendation on Web Platformscited by 12
- 2024SmartAgent: Chain-of-User-Thought for Embodied Personalized Agent in Cyber Worldcited by 10
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 2; 2026: 18.
20 papers.
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- 2025A Survey on Agentic Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 23
- 2026KnowU-Bench: Towards Interactive, Proactive, and Personalized Mobile Agent Evaluationcited by 21
- 2026PersonalAlign: Hierarchical Implicit Intent Alignment for Personalized GUI Agent with Long-Term User-Centric Recordscited by 16
- 2026ProAgentBench: Evaluating LLM Agents for Proactive Assistance with Real-World Datacited by 16
- 2025ProAgent: Harnessing On-Demand Sensory Contexts for Proactive LLM Agent Systems in the Wildcited by 10
- 2026Me-Agent: A Personalized Mobile Agent with Two-Level User Habit Learning for Enhanced Interactioncited by 7
- 2026ProactiveMobile: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Boosting Proactive Intelligence on Mobile Devicescited by 6
- 2026Hunt Instead of Wait: Evaluating Deep Data Research on Large Language Modelscited by 5
- 2026PSPA-Bench: A Personalized Benchmark for Smartphone GUI Agentcited by 5
- 2026TriggerBench: Investigating Prospective Memory for Large Language Modelscited by 5
- 2026GUIDE: A Benchmark for Understanding and Assisting Users in Open-Ended GUI Taskscited by 4
- 2026Do Proactive Agents Really Need an LLM to Decide When to Wake and What to Anchor?cited by 2
8 more
- 2026ProEvent: An Event-centric Benchmark for Proactive Agentscited by 2
- 2026TIDE: Proactive Multi-Problem Discovery via Template-Guided Iterationcited by 1
- 2026Beyond Binary: Reframing GUI Critique as Continuous Semantic Alignmentcited by 0
- 2026SocialPersona: Benchmarking Personalized Profiling and Response with Multimodal Social-Media Contextcited by 0
- 2026UserToolBench: A User-Profile-Hidden Benchmark for Personalized Decision Making in Tool-Use LLMscited by 0
- 2026PastForward: Faster On-Device GUI Agents via Computational Experience Reusecited by 0
- 2026Relevance Does Not Imply Applicability: Experience Activation for Personal GUI Agentscited by 0
- 2026Who Is Your Agent Serving? Provider-Side Indirect Prompt Injection in Proactive Agentscited by 0
- 2026Who Is Your Agent Serving? Provider-Side Indirect Prompt Injection in Proactive Agents4 Oct 2026
- 2026Relevance Does Not Imply Applicability: Experience Activation for Personal GUI Agents27 Sep 2026
- 2026PastForward: Faster On-Device GUI Agents via Computational Experience Reuse26 Sep 2026
- 2026UserToolBench: A User-Profile-Hidden Benchmark for Personalized Decision Making in Tool-Use LLMs10 Aug 2026
- 2026ProEvent: An Event-centric Benchmark for Proactive Agents20 Jul 2026
- 2026SocialPersona: Benchmarking Personalized Profiling and Response with Multimodal Social-Media Context25 Jun 2026
- 2026TriggerBench: Investigating Prospective Memory for Large Language Models22 Jun 2026
- 2026TIDE: Proactive Multi-Problem Discovery via Template-Guided Iteration3 Jun 2026
- 2026Do Proactive Agents Really Need an LLM to Decide When to Wake and What to Anchor?28 May 2026
- 2026Beyond Binary: Reframing GUI Critique as Continuous Semantic Alignment14 May 2026
- 2026KnowU-Bench: Towards Interactive, Proactive, and Personalized Mobile Agent Evaluation9 Apr 2026
- 2026PSPA-Bench: A Personalized Benchmark for Smartphone GUI Agent31 Mar 2026
8 more
- 2026GUIDE: A Benchmark for Understanding and Assisting Users in Open-Ended GUI Tasks26 Mar 2026
- 2026ProactiveMobile: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Boosting Proactive Intelligence on Mobile Devices25 Feb 2026
- 2026ProAgentBench: Evaluating LLM Agents for Proactive Assistance with Real-World Data4 Feb 2026
- 2026Hunt Instead of Wait: Evaluating Deep Data Research on Large Language Models2 Feb 2026
- 2026Me-Agent: A Personalized Mobile Agent with Two-Level User Habit Learning for Enhanced Interaction28 Jan 2026
- 2026PersonalAlign: Hierarchical Implicit Intent Alignment for Personalized GUI Agent with Long-Term User-Centric Records14 Jan 2026
- 2025ProAgent: Harnessing On-Demand Sensory Contexts for Proactive LLM Agent Systems in the Wild7 Dec 2025
- 2025A Survey on Agentic Multimodal Large Language Models13 Oct 2025
- 2026KnowU-Bench: Towards Interactive, Proactive, and Personalized Mobile Agent Evaluationcited by 21
- 2026PersonalAlign: Hierarchical Implicit Intent Alignment for Personalized GUI Agent with Long-Term User-Centric Recordscited by 16
- 2026ProAgentBench: Evaluating LLM Agents for Proactive Assistance with Real-World Datacited by 16
- 2025ProAgent: Harnessing On-Demand Sensory Contexts for Proactive LLM Agent Systems in the Wildcited by 10
- 2026Me-Agent: A Personalized Mobile Agent with Two-Level User Habit Learning for Enhanced Interactioncited by 7
- 2026ProactiveMobile: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Boosting Proactive Intelligence on Mobile Devicescited by 6
- 2026Hunt Instead of Wait: Evaluating Deep Data Research on Large Language Modelscited by 5
- 2026PSPA-Bench: A Personalized Benchmark for Smartphone GUI Agentcited by 5
- 2026Do Proactive Agents Really Need an LLM to Decide When to Wake and What to Anchor?cited by 2
- 2026ProEvent: An Event-centric Benchmark for Proactive Agentscited by 2
- 2026UserToolBench: A User-Profile-Hidden Benchmark for Personalized Decision Making in Tool-Use LLMscited by 0
- 2026PastForward: Faster On-Device GUI Agents via Computational Experience Reusecited by 0
12 most cited of 13 All 13 (JSON)
- 2026Relevance Does Not Imply Applicability: Experience Activation for Personal GUI Agents27 Sep 2026
- 2026PastForward: Faster On-Device GUI Agents via Computational Experience Reuse26 Sep 2026
- 2026UserToolBench: A User-Profile-Hidden Benchmark for Personalized Decision Making in Tool-Use LLMs10 Aug 2026
- 2026ProEvent: An Event-centric Benchmark for Proactive Agents20 Jul 2026
- 2026Do Proactive Agents Really Need an LLM to Decide When to Wake and What to Anchor?28 May 2026
- 2026KnowU-Bench: Towards Interactive, Proactive, and Personalized Mobile Agent Evaluation9 Apr 2026
- 2026PSPA-Bench: A Personalized Benchmark for Smartphone GUI Agent31 Mar 2026
- 2026ProactiveMobile: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Boosting Proactive Intelligence on Mobile Devices25 Feb 2026
- 2026ProAgentBench: Evaluating LLM Agents for Proactive Assistance with Real-World Data4 Feb 2026
- 2026Hunt Instead of Wait: Evaluating Deep Data Research on Large Language Models2 Feb 2026
- 2026Me-Agent: A Personalized Mobile Agent with Two-Level User Habit Learning for Enhanced Interaction28 Jan 2026
- 2026PersonalAlign: Hierarchical Implicit Intent Alignment for Personalized GUI Agent with Long-Term User-Centric Records14 Jan 2026
12 newest of 13 All 13 (JSON)
- 2025A Survey on Agentic Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 23
- 2025A Survey on Agentic Multimodal Large Language Models13 Oct 2025
- 2026TriggerBench: Investigating Prospective Memory for Large Language Modelscited by 5
- 2026GUIDE: A Benchmark for Understanding and Assisting Users in Open-Ended GUI Taskscited by 4
- 2026TIDE: Proactive Multi-Problem Discovery via Template-Guided Iterationcited by 1
- 2026SocialPersona: Benchmarking Personalized Profiling and Response with Multimodal Social-Media Contextcited by 0
- 2026SocialPersona: Benchmarking Personalized Profiling and Response with Multimodal Social-Media Context25 Jun 2026
- 2026TriggerBench: Investigating Prospective Memory for Large Language Models22 Jun 2026
- 2026TIDE: Proactive Multi-Problem Discovery via Template-Guided Iteration3 Jun 2026
- 2026GUIDE: A Benchmark for Understanding and Assisting Users in Open-Ended GUI Tasks26 Mar 2026
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