Surfacing Variations to Calibrate Perceived Reliability of MLLM-generated Image Descriptions
On the map: Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models → VLM benchmarks and visual reasoning
Abstract (arXiv)
Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) provide new opportunities for blind and low vision (BLV) people to access visual information in their daily lives. However, these models often produce errors that are difficult to detect without sight, posing safety and social risks in scenarios from medication identification to outfit selection. While BLV MLLM users use creative workarounds such as cross-checking between tools and consulting sighted individuals, these approaches are often time-consuming and impractical. We explore how systematically surfacing variations across multiple MLLM responses can support BLV users to detect unreliable information without visually inspecting the image. We contribute a design space for eliciting and presenting variations in MLLM descriptions, a prototype system implementing three variation presentation styles, and findings from a user study with 15 BLV participants. Our results demonstrate that presenting variations significantly increases users' ability to identify unreliable claims (by 4.9x using our approach compared to single descriptions) and significantly decreases perceived reliability of MLLM responses. 14 of 15 participants preferred seeing variations of MLLM responses over a single description, and all expressed interest in using our system for tasks from understanding a tornado's path to posting an image on social media.
Key facts. Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in VLM benchmarks and visual reasoning, one of 16 directions in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models. Builds on 43 of its 75 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 21 Jul 2025.
Builds on
43 of 75 references.
Closest ancestors · 1
Same direction, newest first
Other references · 42
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30 more
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- 2020Determining Question-Answer Plausibility in Crowdsourced Datasets Using Multi-Task Learningcited by 5
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Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 1; 2026: 5.
6 papers.
- 2025"It's trained by non-disabled people": Evaluating How Image Quality Affects Product Captioning with Vision-Language Modelscited by 3
- 2026How Multimodal Large Language Models Support Access to Visual Information: A Diary Study With Blind and Low Vision Peoplecited by 3
- 2026Say It My Way: Exploring Control in Conversational Visual Question Answering with Blind Userscited by 2
- 2026Finding the Signal in the Noise: An Exploratory Study on Assessing the Effectiveness of AI and Accessibility Forums for Blind Users' Support Needscited by 1
- 2026Cripping AI: Reimagining AI Through Lived Disability Experiencescited by 0
- 2026Chart-Supported or Model-Supplied? Examining MLLM-Generated Claims for Accessible Visualizationcited by 0
- 2026Chart-Supported or Model-Supplied? Examining MLLM-Generated Claims for Accessible Visualization27 Jul 2026
- 2026Cripping AI: Reimagining AI Through Lived Disability Experiences3 May 2026
- 2026Finding the Signal in the Noise: An Exploratory Study on Assessing the Effectiveness of AI and Accessibility Forums for Blind Users' Support Needs20 Feb 2026
- 2026Say It My Way: Exploring Control in Conversational Visual Question Answering with Blind Users18 Feb 2026
- 2026How Multimodal Large Language Models Support Access to Visual Information: A Diary Study With Blind and Low Vision People13 Feb 2026
- 2025"It's trained by non-disabled people": Evaluating How Image Quality Affects Product Captioning with Vision-Language Models12 Nov 2025
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