mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Surfacing Variations to Calibrate Perceived Reliability of MLLM-generated Image Descriptions

arXiv 2507.15692 ↗First posted 21 Jul 2025cs.HC cs.CL cs.CVcited by 6

On the map: Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models → VLM benchmarks and visual reasoning

Abstract (arXiv)

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) provide new opportunities for blind and low vision (BLV) people to access visual information in their daily lives. However, these models often produce errors that are difficult to detect without sight, posing safety and social risks in scenarios from medication identification to outfit selection. While BLV MLLM users use creative workarounds such as cross-checking between tools and consulting sighted individuals, these approaches are often time-consuming and impractical. We explore how systematically surfacing variations across multiple MLLM responses can support BLV users to detect unreliable information without visually inspecting the image. We contribute a design space for eliciting and presenting variations in MLLM descriptions, a prototype system implementing three variation presentation styles, and findings from a user study with 15 BLV participants. Our results demonstrate that presenting variations significantly increases users' ability to identify unreliable claims (by 4.9x using our approach compared to single descriptions) and significantly decreases perceived reliability of MLLM responses. 14 of 15 participants preferred seeing variations of MLLM responses over a single description, and all expressed interest in using our system for tasks from understanding a tornado's path to posting an image on social media.

Key facts. Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in VLM benchmarks and visual reasoning, one of 16 directions in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models. Builds on 43 of its 75 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 21 Jul 2025.

Builds on

43 of 75 references.

Closest ancestors · 1

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2024Long-Form Answers to Visual Questions from Blind and Low Vision People12 Aug

Other references · 42

  1. 2022Self-Consistency Improves Chain of Thought Reasoning in Language Modelscited by 5,708
  2. 2022Language Models (Mostly) Know What They Knowcited by 1,856
  3. 2023Evaluating Object Hallucination in Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 1,729
  4. 2016Concrete Problems in AI Safetycited by 1,642
  5. 2023A Survey on Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 909
  6. 2018VizWiz Grand Challenge: Answering Visual Questions from Blind Peoplecited by 858
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  10. 2024Personalized Language Modeling from Personalized Human Feedbackcited by 132
  11. 2023ChainForge: A Visual Toolkit for Prompt Engineering and LLM Hypothesis Testingcited by 88
  12. 2020Logic-Guided Data Augmentation and Regularization for Consistent Question Answeringcited by 78
30 more
  1. 2023Graphologue: Exploring Large Language Model Responses with Interactive Diagramscited by 66
  2. 2023Luminate: Structured Generation and Exploration of Design Space with Large Language Models for Human-AI Co-Creationcited by 64
  3. 2024Design Principles for Generative AI Applicationscited by 57
  4. 2023Sensecape: Enabling Multilevel Exploration and Sensemaking with Large Language Modelscited by 48
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  6. 2024Supporting Sensemaking of Large Language Model Outputs at Scalecited by 27
  7. 2024WorldScribe: Towards Context-Aware Live Visual Descriptionscited by 27
  8. 2024Investigating Use Cases of AI-Powered Scene Description Applications for Blind and Low Vision Peoplecited by 24
  9. 2023RELIC: Investigating Large Language Model Responses using Self-Consistencycited by 23
  10. 2020Rescribe: Authoring and Automatically Editing Audio Descriptionscited by 21
  11. 2023Generation Probabilities Are Not Enough: Uncertainty Highlighting in AI Code Completionscited by 20
  12. 2023AVscript: Accessible Video Editing with Audio-Visual Scriptscited by 19
  13. 2024Proxona: Supporting Creators' Sensemaking and Ideation with LLM-Powered Audience Personascited by 19
  14. 2023GenAssist: Making Image Generation Accessiblecited by 18
  15. 2019Quality Estimation for Image Captions Based on Large-scale Human Evaluationscited by 17
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  18. 2024One vs. Many: Comprehending Accurate Information from Multiple Erroneous and Inconsistent AI Generationscited by 13
  19. 2024An AI-Resilient Text Rendering Technique for Reading and Skimming Documentscited by 11
  20. 2024Enabling Uniform Computer Interaction Experience for Blind Users through Large Language Modelscited by 9
  21. 2025WanderGuide: Indoor Map-less Robotic Guide for Exploration by Blind Peoplecited by 8
  22. 2024Context-Aware Image Descriptions for Web Accessibilitycited by 7
  23. 2023ImageAssist: Tools for Enhancing Touchscreen-Based Image Exploration Systems for Blind and Low Vision Userscited by 6
  24. 2024EditScribe: Non-Visual Image Editing with Natural Language Verification Loopscited by 6
  25. 2020Determining Question-Answer Plausibility in Crowdsourced Datasets Using Multi-Task Learningcited by 5
  26. 2024SPICA: Interactive Video Content Exploration through Augmented Audio Descriptions for Blind or Low-Vision Viewerscited by 5
  27. 2024Understanding How Blind Users Handle Object Recognition Errors: Strategies and Challengescited by 5
  28. 2023TADA: Making Node-link Diagrams Accessible to Blind and Low-Vision Peoplecited by 4
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  30. 2025Accessibility Considerations in the Development of an AI Action Plancited by 1

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 1; 2026: 5.

6 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025Towards Understanding the Use of MLLM-Enabled Applications for Visual Interpretation by Blind and Low Vision People
  2. 2025How Blind and Low-Vision Individuals Prefer Large Vision-Language Model-Generated Scene Descriptions
  3. 2025Are Large Vision-Language Models Ready to Guide Blind and Low-Vision Individuals?
  4. 2025Guiding Multimodal Large Language Models with Blind and Low Vision People Visual Questions for Proactive Visual Interpretations
  5. 2025Mixed Signals: Decoding VLMs' Reasoning and Underlying Bias in Vision-Language Conflict
  6. 2025Examining Vision Language Models through Multi-dimensional Experiments with Vision and Text Features
  7. 2025The Perceptual Observatory Characterizing Robustness and Grounding in MLLMs
  8. 2024The Instinctive Bias: Spurious Images lead to Illusion in MLLMs