mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Sensecape: Enabling Multilevel Exploration and Sensemaking with Large Language Models

arXiv 2305.11483 ↗First posted 19 May 2023cs.HC cs.AIcited by 48

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Abstract (arXiv)

People are increasingly turning to large language models (LLMs) for complex information tasks like academic research or planning a move to another city. However, while they often require working in a nonlinear manner -- e.g., to arrange information spatially to organize and make sense of it, current interfaces for interacting with LLMs are generally linear to support conversational interaction. To address this limitation and explore how we can support LLM-powered exploration and sensemaking, we developed Sensecape, an interactive system designed to support complex information tasks with an LLM by enabling users to (1) manage the complexity of information through multilevel abstraction and (2) seamlessly switch between foraging and sensemaking. Our within-subject user study reveals that Sensecape empowers users to explore more topics and structure their knowledge hierarchically, thanks to the externalization of levels of abstraction. We contribute implications for LLM-based workflows and interfaces for information tasks.

Key facts. Cited by 48 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 3 of its 75 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 19 May 2023.

Builds on

3 of 75 references.

References · 3

  1. 2023Sparks of Artificial General Intelligence: Early experiments with GPT-4cited by 2,592
  2. 2022CodeToon: Story Ideation, Auto Comic Generation, and Structure Mapping for Code-Driven Storytellingcited by 14
  3. 2022Fuse: In-Situ Sensemaking Support in the Browsercited by 6

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 7; 2024: 13; 2025: 21; 2026: 7.

48 papers.

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  1. 2023OpenAgents: An Open Platform for Language Agents in the Wildcited by 137
  2. 2023ChainForge: A Visual Toolkit for Prompt Engineering and LLM Hypothesis Testingcited by 88
  3. 2024Concept Induction: Analyzing Unstructured Text with High-Level Concepts Using LLooMcited by 78
  4. 2023Luminate: Structured Generation and Exploration of Design Space with Large Language Models for Human-AI Co-Creationcited by 64
  5. 2025Creating General User Models from Computer Usecited by 44
  6. 2024WaitGPT: Monitoring and Steering Conversational LLM Agent in Data Analysis with On-the-Fly Code Visualizationcited by 39
  7. 2024Improving Steering and Verification in AI-Assisted Data Analysis with Interactive Task Decompositioncited by 29
  8. 2023RELIC: Investigating Large Language Model Responses using Self-Consistencycited by 23
  9. 2024Patchview: LLM-Powered Worldbuilding with Generative Dust and Magnet Visualizationcited by 23
  10. 2023ChoiceMates: Supporting Unfamiliar Online Decision-Making with Multi-Agent Conversational Interactionscited by 22
  11. 2025VeriPlan: Integrating Formal Verification and LLMs into End-User Planningcited by 20
  12. 2023Beyond ChatBots: ExploreLLM for Structured Thoughts and Personalized Model Responsescited by 18
36 more
  1. 2024Not Just Novelty: A Longitudinal Study on Utility and Customization of an AI Workflowcited by 14
  2. 2024One vs. Many: Comprehending Accurate Information from Multiple Erroneous and Inconsistent AI Generationscited by 13
  3. 2025Generative AI in Knowledge Work: Design Implications for Data Navigation and Decision-Makingcited by 9
  4. 2024SituationAdapt: Contextual UI Optimization in Mixed Reality with Situation Awareness via LLM Reasoningcited by 8
  5. 2025AI-Instruments: Embodying Prompts as Instruments to Abstract & Reflect Graphical Interface Commands as General-Purpose Toolscited by 8
  6. 2024JailbreakLens: Visual Analysis of Jailbreak Attacks Against Large Language Modelscited by 7
  7. 2025ScholarMate: A Mixed-Initiative Tool for Qualitative Knowledge Work and Information Sensemakingcited by 7
  8. 2025OnGoal: Tracking and Visualizing Conversational Goals in Multi-Turn Dialogue with Large Language Modelscited by 7
  9. 2024Data Analysis in the Era of Generative AIcited by 6
  10. 2025Intent Tagging: Exploring Micro-Prompting Interactions for Supporting Granular Human-GenAI Co-Creation Workflowscited by 6
  11. 2025Surfacing Variations to Calibrate Perceived Reliability of MLLM-generated Image Descriptionscited by 6
  12. 2023Co-audit: tools to help humans double-check AI-generated contentcited by 5
  13. 2025Generative AI Uses and Risks for Knowledge Workers in a Science Organizationcited by 5
  14. 2025TableTalk: Scaffolding Spreadsheet Development with a Language Agentcited by 5
  15. 2025Orca: Browsing at Scale Through User-Driven and AI-Facilitated Orchestration Across Malleable Webpagescited by 5
  16. 2024Large Language Models Meet User Interfaces: The Case of Provisioning Feedbackcited by 4
  17. 2024Survey of User Interface Design and Interaction Techniques in Generative AI Applicationscited by 4
  18. 2024Navigating the Unknown: A Chat-Based Collaborative Interface for Personalized Exploratory Taskscited by 4
  19. 2024PARSE-Ego4D: Personal Action Recommendation Suggestions for Egocentric Videoscited by 3
  20. 2025Composable Prompting Workspaces for Creative Writing: Exploration and Iteration Using Dynamic Widgetscited by 3
  21. 2025NeuroSync: Intent-Aware Code-Based Problem Solving via Direct LLM Understanding Modificationcited by 3
  22. 2025Evalet: Evaluating Large Language Models through Functional Fragmentationcited by 3
  23. 2025ReSpark: Leveraging Previous Data Reports as References to Generate New Reports with LLMscited by 2
  24. 2025A Framework for Situating Innovations, Opportunities, and Challenges in Advancing Vertical Systems with Large AI Modelscited by 2
  25. 2025XGraphRAG: Interactive Visual Analysis for Graph-based Retrieval-Augmented Generationcited by 2
  26. 2025StoryEnsemble: Enabling Dynamic Exploration & Iteration in the Design Process with AI and Forward-Backward Propagationcited by 2
  27. 2026Vidmento: Creating Video Stories Through Context-Aware Expansion With Generative Videocited by 2
  28. 2026Texterial: A Text-as-Material Interaction Paradigm for LLM-Mediated Writingcited by 2
  29. 2025TreeReader: A Hierarchical Academic Paper Reader Powered by Language Modelscited by 1
  30. 2026TimeCapsule: Generative Hallucination as a Method for Historical Sensemakingcited by 1
  31. 2025VIDEE: Visual and Interactive Decomposition, Execution, and Evaluation of Text Analytics with Intelligent Agentscited by 0
  32. 2025Agentic Reasoning and Refinement through Semantic Interactioncited by 0
  33. 2026Within the MDT Room: Situated in Multidisciplinary Team-Grounded Agent Debate for Clinical Diagnosiscited by 0
  34. 2026Alignment has a Fantasia Problemcited by 0
  35. 2026MindTrellis: Co-Creating Knowledge Structures with AI through Interactive Visual Explorationcited by 0
  36. 2026AdaLens: Interactive Storyline for Monitoring and Steering Long-Running Agentic Data Analysiscited by 0