mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Video, How Do Your Tokens Merge?

arXiv 2506.03885 ↗First posted 4 Jun 2025cs.CVcited by 2

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

Video transformer models require huge amounts of compute resources due to the spatio-temporal scaling of the input. Tackling this, recent methods have proposed to drop or merge tokens for image models, whether randomly or via learned methods. Merging tokens has many benefits: it can be plugged into any vision transformer, does not require model re-training, and it propagates information that would otherwise be dropped through the model. Before now, video token merging has not been evaluated on temporally complex datasets for video understanding. In this work, we explore training-free token merging for video to provide comprehensive experiments and find best practices across four video transformers on three datasets that exhibit coarse and fine-grained action recognition. Our results showcase the benefits of video token merging with a speedup of around 2.5X while maintaining accuracy (avg. -0.55% for ViViT). Code available at https://github.com/sjpollard/video-how-do-your-tokens-merge.

Key facts. Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 37 of its 40 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 4 Jun 2025.

Builds on

37 of 40 references.

References · 37

  1. 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 30,186
  2. 2017mixup: Beyond Empirical Risk Minimizationcited by 5,183
  3. 2023Mamba: Linear-Time Sequence Modeling with Selective State Spacescited by 4,718
  4. 2020Training data-efficient image transformers & distillation through attentioncited by 4,586
  5. 2022FlashAttention: Fast and Memory-Efficient Exact Attention with IO-Awarenesscited by 3,673
  6. 2017The Kinetics Human Action Video Datasetcited by 1,909
  7. 2021Is Space-Time Attention All You Need for Video Understanding?cited by 1,620
  8. 2021ViViT: A Video Vision Transformercited by 1,620
  9. 2021Ego4D: Around the World in 3,000 Hours of Egocentric Videocited by 1,556
  10. 2020Linformer: Self-Attention with Linear Complexitycited by 1,474
  11. 2022VideoMAE: Masked Autoencoders are Data-Efficient Learners for Self-Supervised Video Pre-Trainingcited by 1,322
  12. 2017The "something something" video database for learning and evaluating visual common sensecited by 1,103
25 more
  1. 2022Token Merging: Your ViT But Fastercited by 1,021
  2. 2021DynamicViT: Efficient Vision Transformers with Dynamic Token Sparsificationcited by 864
  3. 2020Rescaling Egocentric Visioncited by 540
  4. 2022Not All Patches are What You Need: Expediting Vision Transformers via Token Reorganizationscited by 363
  5. 2021AdaViT: Adaptive Tokens for Efficient Vision Transformercited by 362
  6. 2021AdaViT: Adaptive Vision Transformers for Efficient Image Recognitioncited by 228
  7. 2021Keeping Your Eye on the Ball: Trajectory Attention in Video Transformerscited by 224
  8. 2023Token Merging for Fast Stable Diffusioncited by 224
  9. 2024LongVLM: Efficient Long Video Understanding via Large Language Modelscited by 147
  10. 2023Token Fusion: Bridging the Gap between Token Pruning and Token Mergingcited by 125
  11. 2023VidToMe: Video Token Merging for Zero-Shot Video Editingcited by 113
  12. 2021MAD: A Scalable Dataset for Language Grounding in Videos from Movie Audio Descriptionscited by 108
  13. 2022Not All Tokens Are Equal: Human-centric Visual Analysis via Token Clustering Transformercited by 101
  14. 2024Isambard-AI: a leadership class supercomputer optimised specifically for Artificial Intelligencecited by 62
  15. 2023PuMer: Pruning and Merging Tokens for Efficient Vision Language Modelscited by 53
  16. 2023TESTA: Temporal-Spatial Token Aggregation for Long-form Video-Language Understandingcited by 49
  17. 2024AIM: Adaptive Inference of Multi-Modal LLMs via Token Merging and Pruningcited by 43
  18. 2024vid-TLDR: Training Free Token merging for Light-weight Video Transformercited by 41
  19. 2022PatchDropout: Economizing Vision Transformers Using Patch Dropoutcited by 28
  20. 2023How can objects help action recognition?cited by 21
  21. 2023Efficient Video Action Detection with Token Dropout and Context Refinementcited by 20
  22. 2024LookupViT: Compressing visual information to a limited number of tokenscited by 17
  23. 2022Turbo Training with Token Dropoutcited by 14
  24. 2023Learning from One Continuous Video Streamcited by 11
  25. 2024Segformer++: Efficient Token-Merging Strategies for High-Resolution Semantic Segmentationcited by 9

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 1; 2026: 1.

2 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2024Video Token Merging for Long-form Video Understanding
  2. 2023Multi-Scale And Token Mergence: Make Your ViT More Efficient
  3. 2024Learning to Merge Tokens via Decoupled Embedding for Efficient Vision Transformers
  4. 2025Lossless Token Merging Even Without Fine-Tuning in Vision Transformers
  5. 2026Unified Spatio-Temporal Token Scoring for Efficient Video VLMs
  6. 2024Importance-Based Token Merging for Efficient Image and Video Generation
  7. 2023Which Tokens to Use? Investigating Token Reduction in Vision Transformers
  8. 2023Training-Free Acceleration of ViTs with Delayed Spatial Merging