mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

ControlThinker: Unveiling Latent Semantics for Controllable Image Generation through Visual Reasoning

arXiv 2506.03596 ↗First posted 4 Jun 2025cs.CVcited by 8

On the map: LLM reasoning → Multimodal reasoning

Abstract (arXiv)

The field of controllable image generation has seen significant advancements, with various architectures improving generation layout consistency with control signals. However, contemporary methods still face challenges in bridging the semantic gap between input text prompts with sparse semantics and the target images, often over-relying on low-level control signals to infer regional details. To address this challenge, we propose ControlThinker, a novel framework that employs a "comprehend-then-generate" paradigm. Firstly, by incentivizing the visual reasoning capability of a MLLM, latent semantics from control images are mined to enrich text prompts. This enriched semantic understanding then seamlessly aids in image generation without the need for additional complex modifications. To further tackle the uncertainty arising from the ambiguity of control images, we encourage broader exploration of reasoning trajectories and select the optimal one using a metric-based output reward model (ORM). Extensive experimental results demonstrate that ControlThinker effectively mitigates the semantic gap between raw text prompts and target images, resulting in improved visual quality and semantic consistency across a wide range of benchmarks. The code and models are available at https://github.com/Maplebb/ControlThinker.

Key facts. Cited by 8 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Multimodal reasoning, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 34 of its 38 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 4 Jun 2025.

Builds on

34 of 38 references.

Closest ancestors · 9

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2025T2I-R1: Reinforcing Image Generation with Collaborative Semantic-level and Token-level CoT1 May
  2. 2025VLM-R1: A Stable and Generalizable R1-style Large Vision-Language Model10 Apr
  3. 2025ImageGen-CoT: Enhancing Text-to-Image In-context Learning with Chain-of-Thought Reasoning25 Mar
  4. 2025GoT: Unleashing Reasoning Capability of Multimodal Large Language Model for Visual Generation and Editing13 Mar
  5. 2025R1-Onevision: Advancing Generalized Multimodal Reasoning through Cross-Modal Formalization13 Mar
  6. 2025MM-Eureka: Exploring the Frontiers of Multimodal Reasoning with Rule-based Reinforcement Learning10 Mar
  7. 2025Boosting the Generalization and Reasoning of Vision Language Models with Curriculum Reinforcement Learning10 Mar
  8. 2025Visual-RFT: Visual Reinforcement Fine-Tuning3 Mar
  9. 2025Can We Generate Images with CoT? Let's Verify and Reinforce Image Generation Step by Step23 Jan

Other references · 25

  1. 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 20,851
  2. 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,694
  3. 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,132
  4. 2018The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Deep Features as a Perceptual Metriccited by 11,029
  5. 2021Diffusion Models Beat GANs on Image Synthesiscited by 8,185
  6. 2025DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learningcited by 6,146
  7. 2022Scalable Diffusion Models with Transformerscited by 5,931
  8. 2023Adding Conditional Control to Text-to-Image Diffusion Modelscited by 5,466
  9. 2024LLaVA-OneVision: Easy Visual Task Transfercited by 2,669
  10. 2023T2I-Adapter: Learning Adapters to Dig out More Controllable Ability for Text-to-Image Diffusion Modelscited by 1,339
  11. 2023Pick-a-Pic: An Open Dataset of User Preferences for Text-to-Image Generationcited by 950
  12. 2025Janus-Pro: Unified Multimodal Understanding and Generation with Data and Model Scalingcited by 787
13 more
  1. 2023GLIGEN: Open-Set Grounded Text-to-Image Generationcited by 774
  2. 2024Autoregressive Model Beats Diffusion: Llama for Scalable Image Generationcited by 760
  3. 2023Uni-ControlNet: All-in-One Control to Text-to-Image Diffusion Modelscited by 358
  4. 2025R1-VL: Learning to Reason with Multimodal Large Language Models via Step-wise Group Relative Policy Optimizationcited by 296
  5. 2023UniControl: A Unified Diffusion Model for Controllable Visual Generation In the Wildcited by 197
  6. 2024InstanceDiffusion: Instance-level Control for Image Generationcited by 175
  7. 2024ControlNet++: Improving Conditional Controls with Efficient Consistency Feedbackcited by 153
  8. 2024MIGC: Multi-Instance Generation Controller for Text-to-Image Synthesiscited by 123
  9. 2024ControlVAR: Exploring Controllable Visual Autoregressive Modelingcited by 58
  10. 2025UniToken: Harmonizing Multimodal Understanding and Generation through Unified Visual Encodingcited by 49
  11. 2024ControlAR: Controllable Image Generation with Autoregressive Modelscited by 48
  12. 2024LLaVA-MoD: Making LLaVA Tiny via MoE Knowledge Distillationcited by 43
  13. 2024AnyControl: Create Your Artwork with Versatile Control on Text-to-Image Generationcited by 20

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 3; 2026: 5.

8 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025CRAFT: Continuous Reasoning and Agentic Feedback Tuning for Multimodal Text-to-Image Generation
  2. 2026StruVis: Enhancing Reasoning-based Text-to-Image Generation via Thinking with Structured Vision
  3. 2026Large Language Models are Universal Reasoners for Visual Generation
  4. 2024Prompt-Consistency Image Generation (PCIG): A Unified Framework Integrating LLMs, Knowledge Graphs, and Controllable Diffusion Models
  5. 2025GoT-R1: Unleashing Reasoning Capability of MLLM for Visual Generation with Reinforcement Learning
  6. 2025Thinking-while-Generating: Interleaving Textual Reasoning throughout Visual Generation
  7. 2025Automated Prompt Generation for Creative and Counterfactual Text-to-image Synthesis
  8. 2026Think in Strokes, Not Pixels: Process-Driven Image Generation via Interleaved Reasoning