LongFuncEval: Measuring the effectiveness of long context models for function calling
On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Tool learning and function calling
Abstract (arXiv)
Multiple recent studies have documented large language models' (LLMs) performance on calling external tools/functions. Others focused on LLMs' abilities to handle longer context lengths. At the intersection of these areas lies another interesting problem: LLMs' abilities to accurately perform function calls in long context settings. Particularly, when calling tools, LLMs are encumbered by three predominant challenges: (1) a large catalog of tools, (2) long responses from the tool APIs, and (3) long multi-turn conversations. These challenges are particularly relevant to enterprise applications of LLMs which engage in multi-turn conversations with users to complete complex tasks that require a large catalog of complex tools. The literature contains multiple investigations of long context challenges such as lost in the middle or needle in the haystack for natural language tasks. In this paper, we make the first attempt to comprehensively study the long context understanding capabilities of these models in the tool calling setup. We modify existing benchmarks for challenge 1 and 3, and create a new evaluation set for challenge 2 to enable this analysis. We gradually increase the input context length and also vary the position of the answer in the input. When evaluated with several long context models, we observe a performance drop of 7% to 85% as the number of tools increases, a 7% to 91% degradation in answer retrieval as the tool responses length increases, and 13% and 40% degradation for as multi-turn conversations get longer. Our study shows that LLMs still struggle with long context in tool calling settings, motivating future research to drive further LLM improvements.
Key facts. Cited by 18 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Tool learning and function calling, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 22 of its 29 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 30 Apr 2025.
Builds on
22 of 29 references.
Closest ancestors · 9
Same direction, newest first
- 2025Magnet: Multi-turn Tool-use Data Synthesis and Distillation via Graph Translation10 Mar
- 2025ComplexFuncBench: Exploring Multi-Step and Constrained Function Calling under Long-Context Scenario17 Jan
- 2024Toolshed: Scale Tool-Equipped Agents with Advanced RAG-Tool Fusion and Tool Knowledge Bases18 Oct
- 2024TinyAgent: Function Calling at the Edge1 Sep
- 2024APIGen: Automated Pipeline for Generating Verifiable and Diverse Function-Calling Datasets26 Jun
- 2023MINT: Evaluating LLMs in Multi-turn Interaction with Tools and Language Feedback19 Sep
- 2023ToolLLM: Facilitating Large Language Models to Master 16000+ Real-world APIs31 Jul
- 2023Gorilla: Large Language Model Connected with Massive APIs24 May
- 2023API-Bank: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Tool-Augmented LLMs14 Apr
Other references · 13
- 2021RoFormer: Enhanced Transformer with Rotary Position Embeddingcited by 4,703
- 2023Lost in the Middle: How Language Models Use Long Contextscited by 3,455
- 2024RULER: What's the Real Context Size of Your Long-Context Language Models?cited by 1,346
- 2024Evaluating Very Long-Term Conversational Memory of LLM Agentscited by 830
- 2023Identifying the Risks of LM Agents with an LM-Emulated Sandboxcited by 548
- 2024BABILong: Testing the Limits of LLMs with Long Context Reasoning-in-a-Haystackcited by 215
- 2023LooGLE: Can Long-Context Language Models Understand Long Contexts?cited by 202
- 2023ZeroSCROLLS: A Zero-Shot Benchmark for Long Text Understandingcited by 176
- 2023RestGPT: Connecting Large Language Models with Real-World RESTful APIscited by 135
- 2025NoLiMa: Long-Context Evaluation Beyond Literal Matchingcited by 126
- 2023Attention Sorting Combats Recency Bias In Long Context Language Modelscited by 90
- 2024Is It Really Long Context if All You Need Is Retrieval? Towards Genuinely Difficult Long Context NLPcited by 27
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 5; 2026: 13.
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- 2025A Survey of Context Engineering for Large Language Modelscited by 126
- 2026Beyond Static Tools: Test-Time Tool Evolution for Scientific Reasoningcited by 15
- 2025From REST to MCP: An Empirical Study of API Wrapping and Automated Server Generation for LLM Agentscited by 14
- 2025Towards Reliable Benchmarking: A Contamination Free, Controllable Evaluation Framework for Multi-step LLM Function Callingcited by 13
- 2025Routine: A Structural Planning Framework for LLM Agent System in Enterprisecited by 9
- 2026How Many Tools Should an LLM Agent See? A Chance-Corrected Answercited by 7
- 2025Solving Context Window Overflow in AI Agentscited by 4
- 2026FinTrace: Holistic Trajectory-Level Evaluation of LLM Tool Calling for Long-Horizon Financial Taskscited by 4
- 2026FAMA: Failure-Aware Meta-Agentic Framework for Open-Source LLMs in Interactive Tool Use Environmentscited by 4
- 2026Harness Engineering in LLM Tool Use via Agent-Native Reusable Tool Primitivescited by 2
- 2026ReIn: Conversational Error Recovery with Reasoning Inceptioncited by 1
- 2026Gecko: A Simulation Environment with Stateful Feedback for Refining Agent Tool Callscited by 1
6 more
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- 2026Exploring Weaknesses in Function Call Models via Reinforcement Learning: An Adversarial Data Augmentation Approachcited by 0
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- 2026Google Earth AI Geospatial Reasoning Agent: Capabilities and a Systematic Evaluation11 Oct 2026
- 2026Extending FunctionGemma for Practical On-Device Mobile Function Calling21 Sep 2026
- 2026Harness Engineering in LLM Tool Use via Agent-Native Reusable Tool Primitives1 Sep 2026
- 2026Don't Offer What Can't Be Done: Deterministic Executability Gating for LLM Skill Selection at Scale2 Aug 2026
- 2026Neurosymbolics for Data Engineering: Achieving Long Context Token Reduction Without Finetuning30 Jun 2026
- 2026MCP Server Architecture Patterns for LLM-Integrated Applications29 Jun 2026
- 2026How Many Tools Should an LLM Agent See? A Chance-Corrected Answer23 May 2026
- 2026FAMA: Failure-Aware Meta-Agentic Framework for Open-Source LLMs in Interactive Tool Use Environments28 Apr 2026
- 2026FinTrace: Holistic Trajectory-Level Evaluation of LLM Tool Calling for Long-Horizon Financial Tasks11 Apr 2026
- 2026Gecko: A Simulation Environment with Stateful Feedback for Refining Agent Tool Calls22 Feb 2026
- 2026ReIn: Conversational Error Recovery with Reasoning Inception19 Feb 2026
- 2026Exploring Weaknesses in Function Call Models via Reinforcement Learning: An Adversarial Data Augmentation Approach27 Jan 2026
6 more
- 2026Beyond Static Tools: Test-Time Tool Evolution for Scientific Reasoning12 Jan 2026
- 2025Solving Context Window Overflow in AI Agents27 Nov 2025
- 2025Towards Reliable Benchmarking: A Contamination Free, Controllable Evaluation Framework for Multi-step LLM Function Calling30 Sep 2025
- 2025From REST to MCP: An Empirical Study of API Wrapping and Automated Server Generation for LLM Agents21 Jul 2025
- 2025Routine: A Structural Planning Framework for LLM Agent System in Enterprise19 Jul 2025
- 2025A Survey of Context Engineering for Large Language Models17 Jul 2025
- 2025From REST to MCP: An Empirical Study of API Wrapping and Automated Server Generation for LLM Agentscited by 14
- 2025Towards Reliable Benchmarking: A Contamination Free, Controllable Evaluation Framework for Multi-step LLM Function Callingcited by 13
- 2025Routine: A Structural Planning Framework for LLM Agent System in Enterprisecited by 9
- 2026How Many Tools Should an LLM Agent See? A Chance-Corrected Answercited by 7
- 2025Solving Context Window Overflow in AI Agentscited by 4
- 2026FinTrace: Holistic Trajectory-Level Evaluation of LLM Tool Calling for Long-Horizon Financial Taskscited by 4
- 2026FAMA: Failure-Aware Meta-Agentic Framework for Open-Source LLMs in Interactive Tool Use Environmentscited by 4
- 2026Harness Engineering in LLM Tool Use via Agent-Native Reusable Tool Primitivescited by 2
- 2026Gecko: A Simulation Environment with Stateful Feedback for Refining Agent Tool Callscited by 1
- 2026Don't Offer What Can't Be Done: Deterministic Executability Gating for LLM Skill Selection at Scalecited by 1
- 2026MCP Server Architecture Patterns for LLM-Integrated Applicationscited by 0
- 2026Extending FunctionGemma for Practical On-Device Mobile Function Callingcited by 0
12 most cited of 13 All 13 (JSON)
- 2026Google Earth AI Geospatial Reasoning Agent: Capabilities and a Systematic Evaluation11 Oct 2026
- 2026Extending FunctionGemma for Practical On-Device Mobile Function Calling21 Sep 2026
- 2026Harness Engineering in LLM Tool Use via Agent-Native Reusable Tool Primitives1 Sep 2026
- 2026Don't Offer What Can't Be Done: Deterministic Executability Gating for LLM Skill Selection at Scale2 Aug 2026
- 2026MCP Server Architecture Patterns for LLM-Integrated Applications29 Jun 2026
- 2026How Many Tools Should an LLM Agent See? A Chance-Corrected Answer23 May 2026
- 2026FAMA: Failure-Aware Meta-Agentic Framework for Open-Source LLMs in Interactive Tool Use Environments28 Apr 2026
- 2026FinTrace: Holistic Trajectory-Level Evaluation of LLM Tool Calling for Long-Horizon Financial Tasks11 Apr 2026
- 2026Gecko: A Simulation Environment with Stateful Feedback for Refining Agent Tool Calls22 Feb 2026
- 2025Solving Context Window Overflow in AI Agents27 Nov 2025
- 2025Towards Reliable Benchmarking: A Contamination Free, Controllable Evaluation Framework for Multi-step LLM Function Calling30 Sep 2025
- 2025From REST to MCP: An Empirical Study of API Wrapping and Automated Server Generation for LLM Agents21 Jul 2025
12 newest of 13 All 13 (JSON)
- 2025A Survey of Context Engineering for Large Language Modelscited by 126
- 2025A Survey of Context Engineering for Large Language Models17 Jul 2025
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