From Panels to Prose: Generating Literary Narratives from Comics
On the map: Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models → MLLM training and visual instruction tuning
Abstract (arXiv)
Comics have long been a popular form of storytelling, offering visually engaging narratives that captivate audiences worldwide. However, the visual nature of comics presents a significant barrier for visually impaired readers, limiting their access to these engaging stories. In this work, we provide a pragmatic solution to this accessibility challenge by developing an automated system that generates text-based literary narratives from manga comics. Our approach aims to create an evocative and immersive prose that not only conveys the original narrative but also captures the depth and complexity of characters, their interactions, and the vivid settings in which they reside. To this end we make the following contributions: (1) We present a unified model, Magiv3, that excels at various functional tasks pertaining to comic understanding, such as localising panels, characters, texts, and speech-bubble tails, performing OCR, grounding characters etc. (2) We release human-annotated captions for over 3300 Japanese comic panels, along with character grounding annotations, and benchmark large vision-language models in their ability to understand comic images. (3) Finally, we demonstrate how integrating large vision-language models with Magiv3, can generate seamless literary narratives that allows visually impaired audiences to engage with the depth and richness of comic storytelling.
Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in MLLM training and visual instruction tuning, one of 16 directions in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models. Builds on 27 of its 49 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 30 Mar 2025.
Builds on
27 of 49 references.
Closest ancestors · 1
Same direction, newest first
Other references · 26
- 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 60,361
- 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,396
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- 2023Florence-2: Advancing a Unified Representation for a Variety of Vision Taskscited by 410
- 2021Pix2seq: A Language Modeling Framework for Object Detectioncited by 349
- 2024mPLUG-Owl3: Towards Long Image-Sequence Understanding in Multi-Modal Large Language Modelscited by 291
- 2018Cross-Domain Weakly-Supervised Object Detection through Progressive Domain Adaptationcited by 218
- 2022A Unified Sequence Interface for Vision Taskscited by 152
- 2023CLAIR: Evaluating Image Captions with Large Language Modelscited by 43
14 more
- 2016The Amazing Mysteries of the Gutter: Drawing Inferences Between Panels in Comic Book Narrativescited by 42
- 2020Building a Manga Dataset "Manga109" with Annotations for Multimedia Applicationscited by 38
- 2021Decoupled Adaptation for Cross-Domain Object Detectioncited by 37
- 2024The Manga Whisperer: Automatically Generating Transcriptions for Comicscited by 21
- 2024CoMix: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Multi-Task Comic Understandingcited by 16
- 2018Object Detection for Comics using Manga109 Annotationscited by 14
- 2023Manga109Dialog: A Large-scale Dialogue Dataset for Comics Speaker Detectioncited by 14
- 2022COO: Comic Onomatopoeia Dataset for Recognizing Arbitrary or Truncated Textscited by 13
- 2024Tails Tell Tales: Chapter-Wide Manga Transcriptions with Character Namescited by 11
- 2022Unsupervised Manga Character Re-identification via Face-body and Spatial-temporal Associated Clusteringcited by 9
- 2024Zero-Shot Character Identification and Speaker Prediction in Comics via Iterative Multimodal Fusioncited by 9
- 2023Identity-Aware Semi-Supervised Learning for Comic Character Re-Identificationcited by 8
- 2024Comics Datasets Framework: Mix of Comics datasets for detection benchmarkingcited by 7
- 2024ComiCap: A VLMs pipeline for dense captioning of Comic Panelscited by 3
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 2; 2026: 3.
5 papers.
- 2025MangaVQA and MangaLMM: A Benchmark and Specialized Model for Multimodal Manga Understandingcited by 7
- 2026Gaze Heads: How VLMs Look at What They Describecited by 5
- 2025Re:Verse -- Can Your VLM Read a Manga?cited by 3
- 2026Manga109-v2026: Revisiting Manga109 Annotations for Modern Manga Understandingcited by 1
- 2026Towards High-Level Semantic Intelligencecited by 0
- 2026Towards High-Level Semantic Intelligence27 Jul 2026
- 2026Gaze Heads: How VLMs Look at What They Describe12 Jun 2026
- 2026Manga109-v2026: Revisiting Manga109 Annotations for Modern Manga Understanding20 May 2026
- 2025Re:Verse -- Can Your VLM Read a Manga?11 Aug 2025
- 2025MangaVQA and MangaLMM: A Benchmark and Specialized Model for Multimodal Manga Understanding26 May 2025
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2023Comics for Everyone: Generating Accessible Text Descriptions for Comic Strips
- 2024One missing piece in Vision and Language: A Survey on Comics Understanding
- 2025Zooming into Comics: Region-Aware RL Improves Fine-Grained Comic Understanding in Vision-Language Models
- 2026Semantic Similarity is a Spurious Measure of Comic Understanding: Lessons Learned from Hallucinations in a Benchmarking Experiment
- 2025CoSMo: A Multimodal Transformer for Page Stream Segmentation in Comic Books
- 2024DiffSensei: Bridging Multi-Modal LLMs and Diffusion Models for Customized Manga Generation
- 2024Multimodal Transformer for Comics Text-Cloze
- 2025Hierarchical Knowledge Graphs for Story Understanding in Visual Narratives