VisualWebInstruct: Scaling up Multimodal Instruction Data through Web Search
On the map: Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models → MLLM training and visual instruction tuning
Abstract (arXiv)
Vision-Language Models have made significant progress on many perception-focused tasks. However, their progress on reasoning-focused tasks remains limited due to the lack of high-quality and diverse training data. In this work, we aim to address the scarcity of reasoning-focused multimodal datasets. We propose VisualWebInstruct, a novel approach that leverages search engines to create a diverse and high-quality dataset spanning multiple disciplines, including mathematics, physics, finance, and chemistry, etc. Starting with a meticulously selected set of 30,000 seed images, we employ Google Image Search to identify websites containing similar images. We collect and process HTML data from over 700K unique URLs. Through a pipeline of content extraction, filtering, and synthesis, we construct a dataset of approximately 900K question-answer (QA) pairs, with 40% consisting of visual QA pairs and the remaining comprising text-based QA pairs. Models fine-tuned on VisualWebInstruct demonstrate significant performance improvements: (1) fine-tuning on Llava-OV results in 10-20 absolute points improvement across benchmarks, and (2) fine-tuning from MAmmoTH-VL yields a 5 absolute points gain across benchmarks. Our best model, MAmmoTH-VL2, achieves state-of-the-art performance within the 10B parameter class on MMMU-Pro (40.7), MathVerse (42.6), and DynaMath (55.7). These results highlight the effectiveness of our dataset in enhancing the reasoning capabilities of vision-language models for complex multimodal tasks.
Key facts. Cited by 35 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in MLLM training and visual instruction tuning, one of 16 directions in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models. Builds on 57 of its 68 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 13 Mar 2025.
Builds on
57 of 68 references.
Closest ancestors · 13
Same direction, newest first
- 2025Phi-4-Mini Technical Report: Compact yet Powerful Multimodal Language Models via Mixture-of-LoRAs3 Mar
- 2024DeepSeek-VL2: Mixture-of-Experts Vision-Language Models for Advanced Multimodal Understanding13 Dec
- 2024Expanding Performance Boundaries of Open-Source Multimodal Models with Model, Data, and Test-Time Scaling6 Dec
- 2024MAmmoTH-VL: Eliciting Multimodal Reasoning with Instruction Tuning at Scale6 Dec
- 2024Qwen2-VL: Enhancing Vision-Language Model's Perception of the World at Any Resolution18 Sep
- 2024LLaVA-OneVision: Easy Visual Task Transfer6 Aug
- 2024LMMs-Eval: Reality Check on the Evaluation of Large Multimodal Models17 Jul
- 2024Cambrian-1: A Fully Open, Vision-Centric Exploration of Multimodal LLMs24 Jun
- 2024A Survey of Multimodal Large Language Model from A Data-centric Perspective26 May
- 2024TextCoT: Zoom In for Enhanced Multimodal Text-Rich Image Understanding15 Apr
- 2024Vision-Flan: Scaling Human-Labeled Tasks in Visual Instruction Tuning18 Feb
- 2023Aligning Large Multimodal Models with Factually Augmented RLHF25 Sep
Other references · 44
- 2024The Llama 3 Herd of Modelscited by 14,715
- 2022Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 12,459
- 2023Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 7,869
- 2023BLIP-2: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training with Frozen Image Encoders and Large Language Modelscited by 6,137
- 2024Qwen2.5 Technical Reportcited by 4,942
- 2024GPT-4o System Cardcited by 4,588
- 2024Gemini 1.5: Unlocking multimodal understanding across millions of tokens of contextcited by 3,224
- 2023Sigmoid Loss for Language Image Pre-Trainingcited by 3,109
- 2023MiniGPT-4: Enhancing Vision-Language Understanding with Advanced Large Language Modelscited by 2,711
- 2015VQA: Visual Question Answeringcited by 2,506
- 2023MMMU: A Massive Multi-discipline Multimodal Understanding and Reasoning Benchmark for Expert AGIcited by 2,080
- 2023MathVista: Evaluating Mathematical Reasoning of Foundation Models in Visual Contextscited by 1,614
32 more
- 2022ChartQA: A Benchmark for Question Answering about Charts with Visual and Logical Reasoningcited by 1,479
- 2016CLEVR: A Diagnostic Dataset for Compositional Language and Elementary Visual Reasoningcited by 1,457
- 2020DocVQA: A Dataset for VQA on Document Imagescited by 1,317
- 2018VizWiz Grand Challenge: Answering Visual Questions from Blind Peoplecited by 858
- 2016A Diagram Is Worth A Dozen Imagescited by 804
- 2021Did Aristotle Use a Laptop? A Question Answering Benchmark with Implicit Reasoning Strategiescited by 743
- 2024MathVerse: Does Your Multi-modal LLM Truly See the Diagrams in Visual Math Problems?cited by 586
- 2024MMMU-Pro: A More Robust Multi-discipline Multimodal Understanding Benchmarkcited by 512
- 2024LLaVA-CoT: Let Vision Language Models Reason Step-by-Stepcited by 454
- 2021Inter-GPS: Interpretable Geometry Problem Solving with Formal Language and Symbolic Reasoningcited by 383
- 2023Chat-UniVi: Unified Visual Representation Empowers Large Language Models with Image and Video Understandingcited by 371
- 2017FigureQA: An Annotated Figure Dataset for Visual Reasoningcited by 319
- 2025MM-Eureka: Exploring the Frontiers of Multimodal Reasoning with Rule-based Reinforcement Learningcited by 303
- 2023Towards Revealing the Mystery behind Chain of Thought: A Theoretical Perspectivecited by 294
- 2021IconQA: A New Benchmark for Abstract Diagram Understanding and Visual Language Reasoningcited by 267
- 2021GeoQA: A Geometric Question Answering Benchmark Towards Multimodal Numerical Reasoningcited by 228
- 2023G-LLaVA: Solving Geometric Problem with Multi-Modal Large Language Modelcited by 210
- 2023Navigate through Enigmatic Labyrinth A Survey of Chain of Thought Reasoning: Advances, Frontiers and Futurecited by 184
- 2024TokenPacker: Efficient Visual Projector for Multimodal LLMcited by 172
- 2023Compositional Chain-of-Thought Prompting for Large Multimodal Modelscited by 164
- 2025LlamaV-o1: Rethinking Step-by-step Visual Reasoning in LLMscited by 147
- 2024DynaMath: A Dynamic Visual Benchmark for Evaluating Mathematical Reasoning Robustness of Vision Language Modelscited by 146
- 2024MAmmoTH2: Scaling Instructions from the Webcited by 145
- 2024Insight-V: Exploring Long-Chain Visual Reasoning with Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 116
- 2022MapQA: A Dataset for Question Answering on Choropleth Mapscited by 85
- 2024MEGA-Bench: Scaling Multimodal Evaluation to over 500 Real-World Taskscited by 41
- 2020Neuro-Symbolic Visual Reasoning: Disentangling "Visual" from "Reasoning"cited by 35
- 2024Prism: A Framework for Decoupling and Assessing the Capabilities of VLMscited by 32
- 2022Toward 3D Spatial Reasoning for Human-like Text-based Visual Question Answeringcited by 25
- 2023TEILP: Time Prediction over Knowledge Graphs via Logical Reasoningcited by 23
- 2024Fine-tuning Large Language Models with Sequential Instructionscited by 20
- 2024Multimodal Structured Generation: CVPR's 2nd MMFM Challenge Technical Reportcited by 7
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 18; 2026: 17.
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