mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

VisualWebInstruct: Scaling up Multimodal Instruction Data through Web Search

arXiv 2503.10582 ↗First posted 13 Mar 2025cs.CV cs.AI cs.CLcited by 35

On the map: Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models → MLLM training and visual instruction tuning

Abstract (arXiv)

Vision-Language Models have made significant progress on many perception-focused tasks. However, their progress on reasoning-focused tasks remains limited due to the lack of high-quality and diverse training data. In this work, we aim to address the scarcity of reasoning-focused multimodal datasets. We propose VisualWebInstruct, a novel approach that leverages search engines to create a diverse and high-quality dataset spanning multiple disciplines, including mathematics, physics, finance, and chemistry, etc. Starting with a meticulously selected set of 30,000 seed images, we employ Google Image Search to identify websites containing similar images. We collect and process HTML data from over 700K unique URLs. Through a pipeline of content extraction, filtering, and synthesis, we construct a dataset of approximately 900K question-answer (QA) pairs, with 40% consisting of visual QA pairs and the remaining comprising text-based QA pairs. Models fine-tuned on VisualWebInstruct demonstrate significant performance improvements: (1) fine-tuning on Llava-OV results in 10-20 absolute points improvement across benchmarks, and (2) fine-tuning from MAmmoTH-VL yields a 5 absolute points gain across benchmarks. Our best model, MAmmoTH-VL2, achieves state-of-the-art performance within the 10B parameter class on MMMU-Pro (40.7), MathVerse (42.6), and DynaMath (55.7). These results highlight the effectiveness of our dataset in enhancing the reasoning capabilities of vision-language models for complex multimodal tasks.

Key facts. Cited by 35 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in MLLM training and visual instruction tuning, one of 16 directions in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models. Builds on 57 of its 68 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 13 Mar 2025.

Builds on

57 of 68 references.

Closest ancestors · 13

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2025Phi-4-Mini Technical Report: Compact yet Powerful Multimodal Language Models via Mixture-of-LoRAs3 Mar
  2. 2024DeepSeek-VL2: Mixture-of-Experts Vision-Language Models for Advanced Multimodal Understanding13 Dec
  3. 2024Expanding Performance Boundaries of Open-Source Multimodal Models with Model, Data, and Test-Time Scaling6 Dec
  4. 2024MAmmoTH-VL: Eliciting Multimodal Reasoning with Instruction Tuning at Scale6 Dec
  5. 2024Qwen2-VL: Enhancing Vision-Language Model's Perception of the World at Any Resolution18 Sep
  6. 2024LLaVA-OneVision: Easy Visual Task Transfer6 Aug
  7. 2024LMMs-Eval: Reality Check on the Evaluation of Large Multimodal Models17 Jul
  8. 2024Cambrian-1: A Fully Open, Vision-Centric Exploration of Multimodal LLMs24 Jun
  9. 2024A Survey of Multimodal Large Language Model from A Data-centric Perspective26 May
  10. 2024TextCoT: Zoom In for Enhanced Multimodal Text-Rich Image Understanding15 Apr
  11. 2024Vision-Flan: Scaling Human-Labeled Tasks in Visual Instruction Tuning18 Feb
  12. 2023Aligning Large Multimodal Models with Factually Augmented RLHF25 Sep
1 more
  1. 2023MM-Vet: Evaluating Large Multimodal Models for Integrated Capabilities4 Aug

Other references · 44

  1. 2024The Llama 3 Herd of Modelscited by 14,715
  2. 2022Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 12,459
  3. 2023Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 7,869
  4. 2023BLIP-2: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training with Frozen Image Encoders and Large Language Modelscited by 6,137
  5. 2024Qwen2.5 Technical Reportcited by 4,942
  6. 2024GPT-4o System Cardcited by 4,588
  7. 2024Gemini 1.5: Unlocking multimodal understanding across millions of tokens of contextcited by 3,224
  8. 2023Sigmoid Loss for Language Image Pre-Trainingcited by 3,109
  9. 2023MiniGPT-4: Enhancing Vision-Language Understanding with Advanced Large Language Modelscited by 2,711
  10. 2015VQA: Visual Question Answeringcited by 2,506
  11. 2023MMMU: A Massive Multi-discipline Multimodal Understanding and Reasoning Benchmark for Expert AGIcited by 2,080
  12. 2023MathVista: Evaluating Mathematical Reasoning of Foundation Models in Visual Contextscited by 1,614
32 more
  1. 2022ChartQA: A Benchmark for Question Answering about Charts with Visual and Logical Reasoningcited by 1,479
  2. 2016CLEVR: A Diagnostic Dataset for Compositional Language and Elementary Visual Reasoningcited by 1,457
  3. 2020DocVQA: A Dataset for VQA on Document Imagescited by 1,317
  4. 2018VizWiz Grand Challenge: Answering Visual Questions from Blind Peoplecited by 858
  5. 2016A Diagram Is Worth A Dozen Imagescited by 804
  6. 2021Did Aristotle Use a Laptop? A Question Answering Benchmark with Implicit Reasoning Strategiescited by 743
  7. 2024MathVerse: Does Your Multi-modal LLM Truly See the Diagrams in Visual Math Problems?cited by 586
  8. 2024MMMU-Pro: A More Robust Multi-discipline Multimodal Understanding Benchmarkcited by 512
  9. 2024LLaVA-CoT: Let Vision Language Models Reason Step-by-Stepcited by 454
  10. 2021Inter-GPS: Interpretable Geometry Problem Solving with Formal Language and Symbolic Reasoningcited by 383
  11. 2023Chat-UniVi: Unified Visual Representation Empowers Large Language Models with Image and Video Understandingcited by 371
  12. 2017FigureQA: An Annotated Figure Dataset for Visual Reasoningcited by 319
  13. 2025MM-Eureka: Exploring the Frontiers of Multimodal Reasoning with Rule-based Reinforcement Learningcited by 303
  14. 2023Towards Revealing the Mystery behind Chain of Thought: A Theoretical Perspectivecited by 294
  15. 2021IconQA: A New Benchmark for Abstract Diagram Understanding and Visual Language Reasoningcited by 267
  16. 2021GeoQA: A Geometric Question Answering Benchmark Towards Multimodal Numerical Reasoningcited by 228
  17. 2023G-LLaVA: Solving Geometric Problem with Multi-Modal Large Language Modelcited by 210
  18. 2023Navigate through Enigmatic Labyrinth A Survey of Chain of Thought Reasoning: Advances, Frontiers and Futurecited by 184
  19. 2024TokenPacker: Efficient Visual Projector for Multimodal LLMcited by 172
  20. 2023Compositional Chain-of-Thought Prompting for Large Multimodal Modelscited by 164
  21. 2025LlamaV-o1: Rethinking Step-by-step Visual Reasoning in LLMscited by 147
  22. 2024DynaMath: A Dynamic Visual Benchmark for Evaluating Mathematical Reasoning Robustness of Vision Language Modelscited by 146
  23. 2024MAmmoTH2: Scaling Instructions from the Webcited by 145
  24. 2024Insight-V: Exploring Long-Chain Visual Reasoning with Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 116
  25. 2022MapQA: A Dataset for Question Answering on Choropleth Mapscited by 85
  26. 2024MEGA-Bench: Scaling Multimodal Evaluation to over 500 Real-World Taskscited by 41
  27. 2020Neuro-Symbolic Visual Reasoning: Disentangling "Visual" from "Reasoning"cited by 35
  28. 2024Prism: A Framework for Decoupling and Assessing the Capabilities of VLMscited by 32
  29. 2022Toward 3D Spatial Reasoning for Human-like Text-based Visual Question Answeringcited by 25
  30. 2023TEILP: Time Prediction over Knowledge Graphs via Logical Reasoningcited by 23
  31. 2024Fine-tuning Large Language Models with Sequential Instructionscited by 20
  32. 2024Multimodal Structured Generation: CVPR's 2nd MMFM Challenge Technical Reportcited by 7

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 18; 2026: 17.

35 papers.

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  1. 2025VL-Rethinker: Incentivizing Self-Reflection of Vision-Language Models with Reinforcement Learningcited by 323
  2. 2025MiniCPM-V 4.5: Cooking Efficient MLLMs via Architecture, Data, and Training Recipecited by 186
  3. 2025LLaDA-V: Large Language Diffusion Models with Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 148
  4. 2025FineVision: Open Data Is All You Needcited by 53
  5. 2025X-Reasoner: Towards Generalizable Reasoning Across Modalities and Domainscited by 31
  6. 2025NVIDIA Nemotron Nano V2 VLcited by 17
  7. 2025Lavida-O: Elastic Large Masked Diffusion Models for Unified Multimodal Understanding and Generationcited by 15
  8. 2025SAIL-VL2 Technical Reportcited by 14
  9. 2025HoneyBee: Data Recipes for Vision-Language Reasonerscited by 13
  10. 2025SDAR-VL: Stable and Efficient Block-wise Diffusion for Vision-Language Understandingcited by 13
  11. 2026Phi-4-reasoning-vision-15B Technical Reportcited by 10
  12. 2026Demo-ICL: In-Context Learning for Procedural Video Knowledge Acquisitioncited by 8
23 more
  1. 2025ElasticMM: Efficient Multimodal LLMs Serving with Elastic Multimodal Parallelismcited by 7
  2. 2026LaViDa-R1: Advancing Reasoning for Unified Multimodal Diffusion Language Modelscited by 7
  3. 2026Bad Seeing or Bad Thinking? Rewarding Perception for Multimodal Reasoningcited by 7
  4. 2025Sparse-LaViDa: Sparse Multimodal Discrete Diffusion Language Modelscited by 6
  5. 2025Is Extending Modality The Right Path Towards Omni-Modality?cited by 5
  6. 2025A Survey of Deep Learning for Geometry Problem Solvingcited by 4
  7. 2025ARM2: Adaptive Reasoning Model with Vision Understanding and Executable Codecited by 4
  8. 2025AndesVL Technical Report: An Efficient Mobile-side Multimodal Large Language Modelcited by 4
  9. 2026Towards GUI Agents: Vision-Language Diffusion Models for GUI Groundingcited by 3
  10. 2026Zone of Proximal Policy Optimization: Teacher in Prompts, Not Gradientscited by 3
  11. 2025SAIL-RL: Guiding MLLMs in When and How to Think via Dual-Reward RL Tuningcited by 2
  12. 2026Beyond Global Similarity: Towards Fine-Grained, Multi-Condition Multimodal Retrievalcited by 2
  13. 2026K12-KGraph: A Curriculum-Aligned Knowledge Graph for Benchmarking and Training Educational LLMscited by 2
  14. 2025jina-vlm: Small Multilingual Vision Language Modelcited by 1
  15. 2026MaD-Mix: Multi-Modal Data Mixtures via Latent Space Coupling for Vision-Language Model Trainingcited by 1
  16. 2026POINTS-Seeker: An Open Recipe for Multimodal Search Agents with Visual Memory Managementcited by 1
  17. 2026EPD-Serve: A Flexible Multimodal EPD Disaggregation Inference Serving System On Ascendcited by 0
  18. 2026Xuanwu: Evolving General Multimodal Models into an Industrial-Grade Foundation for Content Ecosystemscited by 0
  19. 2026SALLIE: Generation-Free Hidden-State Detection of Jailbreaks and Prompt Injections Across Text and Visioncited by 0
  20. 2026POINTS-Long: Adaptive Dual-Mode Visual Reasoning in MLLMscited by 0
  21. 2026Mitigating Mask Prior Drift and Positional Attention Collapse in Large Diffusion Vision-Language Modelscited by 0
  22. 2026VeriEvol: Scaling Multimodal Mathematical Reasoning via Verifiable Evol-Instructcited by 0
  23. 2026IMPRINT: Image-Conditioned Query Enrichment for Long-Tail Object Goal Navigationcited by 0

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  1. 2025Closing the Gap: Data-Centric Fine-Tuning of Vision Language Models for the Standardized Exam Questions
  2. 2024EXAMS-V: A Multi-Discipline Multilingual Multimodal Exam Benchmark for Evaluating Vision Language Models
  3. 2026WorldBench: A Challenging and Visually Diverse Multimodal Reasoning Benchmark
  4. 2023SVIT: Scaling up Visual Instruction Tuning
  5. 2025Evaluating Multimodal Large Language Models on Educational Textbook Question Answering
  6. 2024ProVision: Programmatically Scaling Vision-centric Instruction Data for Multimodal Language Models
  7. 2025SCI-Reason: A Dataset with Chain-of-Thought Rationales for Complex Multimodal Reasoning in Academic Areas
  8. 2025LENS: Multi-level Evaluation of Multimodal Reasoning with Large Language Models