mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Guess What I am Thinking: A Benchmark for Inner Thought Reasoning of Role-Playing Language Agents

arXiv 2503.08193 ↗First posted 11 Mar 2025cs.AIcited by 5

On the map: LLM reasoning → Reasoning benchmarks and evaluation

also in 1 more
Abstract (arXiv)

Recent advances in LLM-based role-playing language agents (RPLAs) have attracted broad attention in various applications. While chain-of-thought reasoning has shown importance in many tasks for LLMs, the internal thinking processes of RPLAs remain unexplored. Understanding characters' inner thoughts is crucial for developing advanced RPLAs. In this paper, we introduce ROLETHINK, a novel benchmark constructed from literature for evaluating character thought generation. We propose the task of inner thought reasoning, which includes two sets: the gold set that compares generated thoughts with original character monologues, and the silver set that uses expert synthesized character analyses as references. To address this challenge, we propose MIRROR, a chain-of-thought approach that generates character thoughts by retrieving memories, predicting character reactions, and synthesizing motivations. Through extensive experiments, we demonstrate the importance of inner thought reasoning for RPLAs, and MIRROR consistently outperforms existing methods. Resources are available at https://github.com/airaer1998/RPA_Thought.

Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Reasoning benchmarks and evaluation, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 28 of its 38 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 11 Mar 2025.

Builds on

28 of 38 references.

References · 28

  1. 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,396
  2. 2024The Llama 3 Herd of Modelscited by 14,715
  3. 2022Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 12,459
  4. 2025DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learningcited by 6,330
  5. 2024Qwen2.5 Technical Reportcited by 4,942
  6. 2020DeBERTa: Decoding-enhanced BERT with Disentangled Attentioncited by 2,181
  7. 2023Gemini: A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal Modelscited by 872
  8. 2023SOTOPIA: Interactive Evaluation for Social Intelligence in Language Agentscited by 367
  9. 2022Text and Code Embeddings by Contrastive Pre-Trainingcited by 361
  10. 2024From Persona to Personalization: A Survey on Role-Playing Language Agentscited by 212
  11. 2023Navigate through Enigmatic Labyrinth A Survey of Chain of Thought Reasoning: Advances, Frontiers and Futurecited by 184
  12. 2023InCharacter: Evaluating Personality Fidelity in Role-Playing Agents through Psychological Interviewscited by 179
16 more
  1. 2023RoleLLM: Benchmarking, Eliciting, and Enhancing Role-Playing Abilities of Large Language Modelscited by 175
  2. 2024CharacterEval: A Chinese Benchmark for Role-Playing Conversational Agent Evaluationcited by 143
  3. 2025Towards System 2 Reasoning in LLMs: Learning How to Think With Meta Chain-of-Thoughtcited by 109
  4. 2024LLMs achieve adult human performance on higher-order theory of mind taskscited by 61
  5. 2023ChatHaruhi: Reviving Anime Character in Reality via Large Language Modelcited by 59
  6. 2021"Let Your Characters Tell Their Story": A Dataset for Character-Centric Narrative Understandingcited by 48
  7. 2024Evaluating Character Understanding of Large Language Models via Character Profiling from Fictional Workscited by 38
  8. 2023CharacterGLM: Customizing Chinese Conversational AI Characters with Large Language Modelscited by 34
  9. 2024Character is Destiny: Can Role-Playing Language Agents Make Persona-Driven Decisions?cited by 34
  10. 2025CoSER: A Comprehensive Literary Dataset and Framework for Training and Evaluating LLM Role-Playing and Persona Simulationcited by 26
  11. 2023RoleEval: A Bilingual Role Evaluation Benchmark for Large Language Modelscited by 21
  12. 2023Personality Understanding of Fictional Characters during Book Readingcited by 20
  13. 2022Few-Shot Character Understanding in Movies as an Assessment to Meta-Learning of Theory-of-Mindcited by 19
  14. 2022TVShowGuess: Character Comprehension in Stories as Speaker Guessingcited by 17
  15. 2024Capturing Minds, Not Just Words: Enhancing Role-Playing Language Models with Personality-Indicative Datacited by 17
  16. 2024MINDECHO: Role-Playing Language Agents for Key Opinion Leaderscited by 10

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 3; 2026: 2.

5 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2024Thinking Before Speaking: A Role-playing Model with Mindset
  2. 2024OpenToM: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Evaluating Theory-of-Mind Reasoning Capabilities of Large Language Models
  3. 2026Role-Playing Agents Driven by Large Language Models: Current Status, Challenges, and Future Trends
  4. 2026Improving General Role-Playing Agents via Psychology-Grounded Reasoning and Role-Aware Policy Optimization
  5. 2025Reasoning Does Not Necessarily Improve Role-Playing Ability
  6. 2026Cognitive Enhancement: Rethinking the Necessity of Role-Playing for Large Language Models
  7. 2025Language Models Might Not Understand You: Evaluating Theory of Mind via Story Prompting
  8. 2025Test-Time-Matching: Decouple Personality, Memory, and Linguistic Style in LLM-based Role-Playing Language Agent