RoleEval: A Bilingual Role Evaluation Benchmark for Large Language Models
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Abstract (arXiv)
The rapid evolution of large language models necessitates effective benchmarks for evaluating their role knowledge, which is essential for establishing connections with the real world and providing more immersive interactions. This paper introduces RoleEval, a bilingual benchmark designed to assess the memorization, utilization, and reasoning capabilities of role knowledge. RoleEval comprises RoleEval-Global (including internationally recognized characters) and RoleEval-Chinese (including characters popular in China), with 6,000 Chinese-English parallel multiple-choice questions focusing on 300 influential people and fictional characters drawn from a variety of domains including celebrities, anime, comics, movies, TV series, games, and fictions. These questions cover basic knowledge and multi-hop reasoning abilities, aiming to systematically probe various aspects such as personal information, relationships, abilities, and experiences of the characters. To maintain high standards, we perform a hybrid quality check process combining both automatic and human verification, ensuring that the questions are diverse, challenging, and discriminative. Our extensive evaluations with RoleEval across various open-source and proprietary large language models, under both the zero- and few-shot settings, reveal insightful findings. Notably, while GPT-4 outperforms other models on RoleEval-Global, Chinese large language models excel on RoleEval-Chinese, highlighting significant knowledge distribution differences. We expect that RoleEval would highlight the significance of assessing role knowledge for large language models across various languages and cultural settings.
Key facts. Cited by 21 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 26 of its 33 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 26 Dec 2023.
Builds on
26 of 33 references.
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 10; 2025: 5; 2026: 6.
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- 2025SpeechRole: A Large-Scale Dataset and Benchmark for Evaluating Speech Role-Playing Agents4 Aug 2025
- 2025HAMLET: A Hierarchical and Adaptive Multi-Agent Framework for Live Embodied Theatrics21 Jul 2025
- 2024From Individual to Society: A Survey on Social Simulation Driven by Large Language Model-based Agents4 Dec 2024
- 2024Star-Agents: Automatic Data Optimization with LLM Agents for Instruction Tuning21 Nov 2024
- 2024Exploring Prosocial Irrationality for LLM Agents: A Social Cognition View23 May 2024
- 2024From Persona to Personalization: A Survey on Role-Playing Language Agents28 Apr 2024
- 2024Sibyl: Simple yet Effective Agent Framework for Complex Real-world Reasoningcited by 18
- 2024Beyond Math: Stories as a Testbed for Memorization-Constrained Reasoning in LLMscited by 12
- 2026HER: Human-like Reasoning and Reinforcement Learning for LLM Role-playingcited by 10
- 2025Guess What I am Thinking: A Benchmark for Inner Thought Reasoning of Role-Playing Language Agentscited by 5
- 2026HER: Human-like Reasoning and Reinforcement Learning for LLM Role-playing29 Jan 2026
- 2025Guess What I am Thinking: A Benchmark for Inner Thought Reasoning of Role-Playing Language Agents11 Mar 2025
- 2024Beyond Math: Stories as a Testbed for Memorization-Constrained Reasoning in LLMs18 Dec 2024
- 2024Sibyl: Simple yet Effective Agent Framework for Complex Real-world Reasoning15 Jul 2024
- 2025CoSER: A Comprehensive Literary Dataset and Framework for Training and Evaluating LLM Role-Playing and Persona Simulationcited by 26
- 2024MMRole: A Comprehensive Framework for Developing and Evaluating Multimodal Role-Playing Agentscited by 21
- 2025TwinVoice: A Multi-dimensional Benchmark Towards Digital Twins via LLM Persona Simulationcited by 15
- 2024SimulBench: Evaluating Language Models with Creative Simulation Taskscited by 8
- 2024CharacterBench: Benchmarking Character Customization of Large Language Modelscited by 1
- 2026BOOKMARKS: Efficient Active Storyline Memory for Role-playingcited by 0
- 2026Beyond Borrowed Histories: Person-Aligned User Simulation for Interactive Role-Playing Evaluationcited by 0
- 2026Beyond Borrowed Histories: Person-Aligned User Simulation for Interactive Role-Playing Evaluation30 Jul 2026
- 2026BOOKMARKS: Efficient Active Storyline Memory for Role-playing13 May 2026
- 2025TwinVoice: A Multi-dimensional Benchmark Towards Digital Twins via LLM Persona Simulation29 Oct 2025
- 2025CoSER: A Comprehensive Literary Dataset and Framework for Training and Evaluating LLM Role-Playing and Persona Simulation13 Feb 2025
- 2024CharacterBench: Benchmarking Character Customization of Large Language Models16 Dec 2024
- 2024SimulBench: Evaluating Language Models with Creative Simulation Tasks11 Sep 2024
- 2024MMRole: A Comprehensive Framework for Developing and Evaluating Multimodal Role-Playing Agents8 Aug 2024
Similar, not cited
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- 2026Character Beyond Speech: Leveraging Role-Playing Evaluation in Audio Large Language Models via Reinforcement Learning