Falcon: Fast Visuomotor Policies via Partial Denoising
On the map: Diffusion models → Diffusion and flow policies for robotics
Abstract (arXiv)
Diffusion policies are widely adopted in complex visuomotor tasks for their ability to capture multimodal action distributions. However, the multiple sampling steps required for action generation significantly harm real-time inference efficiency, which limits their applicability in real-time decision-making scenarios. Existing acceleration techniques either require retraining or degrade performance under low sampling steps. Here we propose Falcon, which mitigates this speed-performance trade-off and achieves further acceleration. The core insight is that visuomotor tasks exhibit sequential dependencies between actions. Falcon leverages this by reusing partially denoised actions from historical information rather than sampling from Gaussian noise at each step. By integrating current observations, Falcon reduces sampling steps while preserving performance. Importantly, Falcon is a training-free algorithm that can be applied as a plug-in to further improve decision efficiency on top of existing acceleration techniques. We validated Falcon in 48 simulated environments and 2 real-world robot experiments. demonstrating a 2-7x speedup with negligible performance degradation, offering a promising direction for efficient visuomotor policy design.
Key facts. Cited by 14 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Diffusion and flow policies for robotics, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 39 of its 44 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 1 Mar 2025.
Builds on
39 of 44 references.
Closest ancestors · 16
Same direction, newest first
- 2024One-Step Diffusion Policy: Fast Visuomotor Policies via Diffusion Distillation28 Oct
- 2024RDT-1B: a Diffusion Foundation Model for Bimanual Manipulation10 Oct
- 2024Combining Planning and Diffusion for Mobility with Unknown Dynamics9 Oct
- 2024EquiBot: SIM(3)-Equivariant Diffusion Policy for Generalizable and Data Efficient Learning1 Jul
- 2024Streaming Diffusion Policy: Fast Policy Synthesis with Variable Noise Diffusion Models7 Jun
- 2024ManiCM: Real-time 3D Diffusion Policy via Consistency Model for Robotic Manipulation3 Jun
- 2024Consistency Policy: Accelerated Visuomotor Policies via Consistency Distillation13 May
- 20243D Diffusion Policy: Generalizable Visuomotor Policy Learning via Simple 3D Representations6 Mar
- 20243D Diffuser Actor: Policy Diffusion with 3D Scene Representations16 Feb
- 2023Score Regularized Policy Optimization through Diffusion Behavior11 Oct
- 2023Policy Representation via Diffusion Probability Model for Reinforcement Learning22 May
- 2023IDQL: Implicit Q-Learning as an Actor-Critic Method with Diffusion Policies20 Apr
4 more
- 2023Goal-Conditioned Imitation Learning using Score-based Diffusion Policies5 Apr
- 2023Diffusion Policy: Visuomotor Policy Learning via Action Diffusion7 Mar
- 2023Diffusion Model-Augmented Behavioral Cloning26 Feb
- 2022Diffusion Policies as an Expressive Policy Class for Offline Reinforcement Learning12 Aug
Other references · 23
- 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 20,851
- 2020Denoising Diffusion Implicit Modelscited by 9,655
- 2020Score-Based Generative Modeling through Stochastic Differential Equationscited by 8,964
- 2022Elucidating the Design Space of Diffusion-Based Generative Modelscited by 2,994
- 2022DPM-Solver: A Fast ODE Solver for Diffusion Probabilistic Model Sampling in Around 10 Stepscited by 1,961
- 2023Consistency Modelscited by 1,778
- 2024Octo: An Open-Source Generalist Robot Policycited by 1,427
- 2022Diffusion Posterior Sampling for General Noisy Inverse Problemscited by 1,375
- 2019Meta-World: A Benchmark and Evaluation for Multi-Task and Meta Reinforcement Learningcited by 1,168
- 2022Planning with Diffusion for Flexible Behavior Synthesiscited by 1,023
- 2021What Matters in Learning from Offline Human Demonstrations for Robot Manipulationcited by 699
- 2022Fast Sampling of Diffusion Models with Exponential Integratorcited by 526
11 more
- 2023Consistency Trajectory Models: Learning Probability Flow ODE Trajectory of Diffusioncited by 448
- 2021Implicit Behavioral Cloningcited by 442
- 2023UniPC: A Unified Predictor-Corrector Framework for Fast Sampling of Diffusion Modelscited by 441
- 2019Relay Policy Learning: Solving Long-Horizon Tasks via Imitation and Reinforcement Learningcited by 380
- 2023ManiSkill2: A Unified Benchmark for Generalizable Manipulation Skillscited by 313
- 2022Behavior Transformers: Cloning k modes with one stonecited by 299
- 2021ManiSkill: Generalizable Manipulation Skill Benchmark with Large-Scale Demonstrationscited by 193
- 2023Parallel Sampling of Diffusion Modelscited by 112
- 2021Noise2Score: Tweedie's Approach to Self-Supervised Image Denoising without Clean Imagescited by 110
- 2024Score and Distribution Matching Policy: Advanced Accelerated Visuomotor Policies via Matched Distillationcited by 12
- 2024PFDiff: Training-Free Acceleration of Diffusion Models Combining Past and Future Scorescited by 7
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 2; 2026: 12.
14 papers.
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- 2026FASTER: Rethinking Real-Time Flow VLAscited by 20
- 2025FreqPolicy: Efficient Flow-based Visuomotor Policy via Frequency Consistencycited by 13
- 2025D3P: Dynamic Denoising Diffusion Policy via Reinforcement Learningcited by 10
- 2026STEP: Warm-Started Visuomotor Policies with Spatiotemporal Consistency Predictioncited by 7
- 2026Sparse ActionGen: Accelerating Diffusion Policy with Real-time Pruningcited by 5
- 2026ActionCache: Training-Free Acceleration for Vision-Language-Action Models with Action Caching and Refinementcited by 2
- 2026DriftingVLA: Native One-Step Vision-Language-Action Generation via Per-Dimension Temporal Driftingcited by 2
- 2026PRISM: Performer RS-IMLE for Single-pass Multisensory Imitation Learningcited by 1
- 2026Implicit Drifting Policy: One-Step Action Generation via Conditional Expert Geometrycited by 1
- 2026Test-time Sparsity for Extreme Fast Action Diffusioncited by 0
- 2026PredActor: Predictive Action Diffusion for Steerable Onboard Humanoid Controlcited by 0
- 2026Median Temporal Ensembling: Training-Free Robust Aggregation for Action-Chunked Visuomotor Policiescited by 0
- 2026Urgent Actions Go First: Urgency-Aware Denoising for Real-Time VLA Control29 Sep 2026
- 2026RAVEL: Asynchronous Rolling Inference for Flow-Based Vision-Language-Action Models28 Sep 2026
- 2026Median Temporal Ensembling: Training-Free Robust Aggregation for Action-Chunked Visuomotor Policies22 Sep 2026
- 2026PredActor: Predictive Action Diffusion for Steerable Onboard Humanoid Control21 Sep 2026
- 2026DriftingVLA: Native One-Step Vision-Language-Action Generation via Per-Dimension Temporal Drifting30 Aug 2026
- 2026ActionCache: Training-Free Acceleration for Vision-Language-Action Models with Action Caching and Refinement7 Jul 2026
- 2026Implicit Drifting Policy: One-Step Action Generation via Conditional Expert Geometry31 May 2026
- 2026Test-time Sparsity for Extreme Fast Action Diffusion13 May 2026
- 2026FASTER: Rethinking Real-Time Flow VLAs19 Mar 2026
- 2026STEP: Warm-Started Visuomotor Policies with Spatiotemporal Consistency Prediction9 Feb 2026
- 2026PRISM: Performer RS-IMLE for Single-pass Multisensory Imitation Learning2 Feb 2026
- 2026Sparse ActionGen: Accelerating Diffusion Policy with Real-time Pruning19 Jan 2026
- 2025D3P: Dynamic Denoising Diffusion Policy via Reinforcement Learningcited by 10
- 2026STEP: Warm-Started Visuomotor Policies with Spatiotemporal Consistency Predictioncited by 7
- 2026Sparse ActionGen: Accelerating Diffusion Policy with Real-time Pruningcited by 5
- 2026PRISM: Performer RS-IMLE for Single-pass Multisensory Imitation Learningcited by 1
- 2026Implicit Drifting Policy: One-Step Action Generation via Conditional Expert Geometrycited by 1
- 2026Test-time Sparsity for Extreme Fast Action Diffusioncited by 0
- 2026PredActor: Predictive Action Diffusion for Steerable Onboard Humanoid Controlcited by 0
- 2026PredActor: Predictive Action Diffusion for Steerable Onboard Humanoid Control21 Sep 2026
- 2026Implicit Drifting Policy: One-Step Action Generation via Conditional Expert Geometry31 May 2026
- 2026Test-time Sparsity for Extreme Fast Action Diffusion13 May 2026
- 2026STEP: Warm-Started Visuomotor Policies with Spatiotemporal Consistency Prediction9 Feb 2026
- 2026PRISM: Performer RS-IMLE for Single-pass Multisensory Imitation Learning2 Feb 2026
- 2026Sparse ActionGen: Accelerating Diffusion Policy with Real-time Pruning19 Jan 2026
- 2025D3P: Dynamic Denoising Diffusion Policy via Reinforcement Learning9 Aug 2025
- 2026FASTER: Rethinking Real-Time Flow VLAscited by 20
- 2026ActionCache: Training-Free Acceleration for Vision-Language-Action Models with Action Caching and Refinementcited by 2
- 2026DriftingVLA: Native One-Step Vision-Language-Action Generation via Per-Dimension Temporal Driftingcited by 2
- 2026RAVEL: Asynchronous Rolling Inference for Flow-Based Vision-Language-Action Modelscited by 0
- 2026Urgent Actions Go First: Urgency-Aware Denoising for Real-Time VLA Controlcited by 0
- 2026Urgent Actions Go First: Urgency-Aware Denoising for Real-Time VLA Control29 Sep 2026
- 2026RAVEL: Asynchronous Rolling Inference for Flow-Based Vision-Language-Action Models28 Sep 2026
- 2026DriftingVLA: Native One-Step Vision-Language-Action Generation via Per-Dimension Temporal Drifting30 Aug 2026
- 2026ActionCache: Training-Free Acceleration for Vision-Language-Action Models with Action Caching and Refinement7 Jul 2026
- 2026FASTER: Rethinking Real-Time Flow VLAs19 Mar 2026
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2026FLASH: Efficient Visuomotor Policy via Sparse Sampling
- 2025FALCON: Actively Decoupled Visuomotor Policies for Loco-Manipulation with Foundation-Model-Based Coordination
- 2025DemoSpeedup: Accelerating Visuomotor Policies via Entropy-Guided Demonstration Acceleration
- 2026Hyper-DP3: Frequency-Aware Right-Sizing of 3D Diffusion Policies for Visuomotor Control
- 2025CDP: Towards Robust Autoregressive Visuomotor Policy Learning via Causal Diffusion
- 2026Scaling Short-Term Memory of Visuomotor Policies for Long-Horizon Tasks
- 2026FocalPolicy: Frequency-Optimized Chunking and Locally Anchored Flow Matching for Coherent Visuomotor Policy
- 2026Action-to-Action Flow Matching