Free Argumentative Exchanges for Explaining Image Classifiers
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Abstract (arXiv)
Deep learning models are powerful image classifiers but their opacity hinders their trustworthiness. Explanation methods for capturing the reasoning process within these classifiers faithfully and in a clear manner are scarce, due to their sheer complexity and size. We provide a solution for this problem by defining a novel method for explaining the outputs of image classifiers with debates between two agents, each arguing for a particular class. We obtain these debates as concrete instances of Free Argumentative eXchanges (FAXs), a novel argumentation-based multi-agent framework allowing agents to internalise opinions by other agents differently than originally stated. We define two metrics (consensus and persuasion rate) to assess the usefulness of FAXs as argumentative explanations for image classifiers. We then conduct a number of empirical experiments showing that FAXs perform well along these metrics as well as being more faithful to the image classifiers than conventional, non-argumentative explanation methods. All our implementations can be found at https://github.com/koriavinash1/FAX.
Key facts. Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 27 of its 47 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 18 Feb 2025.
Builds on
27 of 47 references.
References · 27
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15 more
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Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 2; 2026: 1.
3 papers.
- 2025Object-Centric Case-Based Reasoning via Argumentationcited by 1
- 2025Transparent Visual Reasoning via Object-Centric Agent Collaborationcited by 0
- 2026A Theory of Post-hoc Debate Judgementcited by 0
- 2026A Theory of Post-hoc Debate Judgement19 Aug 2026
- 2025Object-Centric Case-Based Reasoning via Argumentation30 Sep 2025
- 2025Transparent Visual Reasoning via Object-Centric Agent Collaboration28 Sep 2025
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- 2023SpArX: Sparse Argumentative Explanations for Neural Networks [Technical Report]
- 2022REX: Reasoning-aware and Grounded Explanation
- 2022Foiling Explanations in Deep Neural Networks
- 2024Explaining in Diffusion: Explaining a Classifier Through Hierarchical Semantics with Text-to-Image Diffusion Models
- 2025The Argument is the Explanation: Structured Argumentation for Trust in Agents
- 2026MEA: A Reward-Driven Multi-Agent System for Faithful Model Explanations
- 2026From Argument Components to Graphs: A Multi-Agent Debate with Confidence Gating for Argument Relations