RTBAgent: A LLM-based Agent System for Real-Time Bidding
On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Financial trading and forecasting agents
Abstract (arXiv)
Real-Time Bidding (RTB) enables advertisers to place competitive bids on impression opportunities instantaneously, striving for cost-effectiveness in a highly competitive landscape. Although RTB has widely benefited from the utilization of technologies such as deep learning and reinforcement learning, the reliability of related methods often encounters challenges due to the discrepancies between online and offline environments and the rapid fluctuations of online bidding. To handle these challenges, RTBAgent is proposed as the first RTB agent system based on large language models (LLMs), which synchronizes real competitive advertising bidding environments and obtains bidding prices through an integrated decision-making process. Specifically, obtaining reasoning ability through LLMs, RTBAgent is further tailored to be more professional for RTB via involved auxiliary modules, i.e., click-through rate estimation model, expert strategy knowledge, and daily reflection. In addition, we propose a two-step decision-making process and multi-memory retrieval mechanism, which enables RTBAgent to review historical decisions and transaction records and subsequently make decisions more adaptive to market changes in real-time bidding. Empirical testing with real advertising datasets demonstrates that RTBAgent significantly enhances profitability. The RTBAgent code will be publicly accessible at: https://github.com/CaiLeng/RTBAgent.
Key facts. Cited by 14 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Financial trading and forecasting agents, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 15 of its 40 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 2 Feb 2025.
Builds on
15 of 40 references.
References · 15
- 2023Generative Agents: Interactive Simulacra of Human Behaviorcited by 3,568
- 2023MetaGPT: Meta Programming for A Multi-Agent Collaborative Frameworkcited by 1,808
- 2024Self-Rewarding Language Modelscited by 681
- 2023Auto-GPT for Online Decision Making: Benchmarks and Additional Opinionscited by 255
- 2024Agent Hospital: A Simulacrum of Hospital with Evolvable Medical Agentscited by 218
- 2023HuatuoGPT, towards Taming Language Model to Be a Doctorcited by 214
- 2024A Multimodal Foundation Agent for Financial Trading: Tool-Augmented, Diversified, and Generalistcited by 137
- 2023SoulChat: Improving LLMs' Empathy, Listening, and Comfort Abilities through Fine-tuning with Multi-turn Empathy Conversationscited by 110
- 2017Online Convex Optimization with Stochastic Constraintscited by 95
- 2017Real-Time Bidding by Reinforcement Learning in Display Advertisingcited by 91
- 2018Budget Constrained Bidding by Model-free Reinforcement Learning in Display Advertisingcited by 61
- 2016Display Advertising with Real-Time Bidding (RTB) and Behavioural Targetingcited by 42
3 more
- 2024EduAgent: Generative Student Agents in Learningcited by 42
- 2018Deep Reinforcement Learning for Sponsored Search Real-time Biddingcited by 34
- 2016Optimal Real-Time Bidding Frameworks Discussioncited by 5
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 10; 2026: 4.
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- 2025Dynamic Speculative Agent Planningcited by 12
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- 2025Noise, Adaptation, and Strategy: Assessing LLM Fidelity in Decision-Makingcited by 4
- 2025Generative Large-Scale Pre-trained Models for Automated Ad Bidding Optimizationcited by 3
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- 2025Information-Dense Reasoning for Efficient and Auditable Security Alert Triagecited by 0
- 2026Q-Regularized Generative Auto-Bidding: From Suboptimal Trajectories to Optimal Policiescited by 0
- 2025KP-Agent: Keyword Pruning in Sponsored Search Advertising via LLM-Powered Contextual Banditscited by 0
2 more
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- 2026Generative Auto-Bidding with Unified Modeling and Exploration19 May 2026
- 2026Evolving Deception: When Agents Evolve, Deception Wins6 Mar 2026
- 2026Q-Regularized Generative Auto-Bidding: From Suboptimal Trajectories to Optimal Policies6 Jan 2026
- 2025Information-Dense Reasoning for Efficient and Auditable Security Alert Triage9 Dec 2025
- 2025CrowdLLM: Building LLM-Based Digital Populations Augmented with Generative Models2 Dec 2025
- 2025KP-Agent: Keyword Pruning in Sponsored Search Advertising via LLM-Powered Contextual Bandits20 Oct 2025
- 2025EduDial: Constructing a Large-scale Multi-turn Teacher-Student Dialogue Corpus14 Oct 2025
- 2025Dynamic Speculative Agent Planning2 Sep 2025
- 2025Noise, Adaptation, and Strategy: Assessing LLM Fidelity in Decision-Making21 Aug 2025
- 2025MVISU-Bench: Benchmarking Mobile Agents for Real-World Tasks by Multi-App, Vague, Interactive, Single-App and Unethical Instructions12 Aug 2025
- 2025Generative Large-Scale Pre-trained Models for Automated Ad Bidding Optimization4 Aug 2025
- 2025CrowdLLM: Building LLM-Based Digital Populations Augmented with Generative Modelscited by 5
- 2025Noise, Adaptation, and Strategy: Assessing LLM Fidelity in Decision-Makingcited by 4
- 2026Generative Auto-Bidding with Unified Modeling and Explorationcited by 0
- 2026AdCoEvo: A Co-Evolving Multi-Agent Advertising Delivery Systemcited by 0
- 2026AdCoEvo: A Co-Evolving Multi-Agent Advertising Delivery System14 Oct 2026
- 2026Generative Auto-Bidding with Unified Modeling and Exploration19 May 2026
- 2025CrowdLLM: Building LLM-Based Digital Populations Augmented with Generative Models2 Dec 2025
- 2025Noise, Adaptation, and Strategy: Assessing LLM Fidelity in Decision-Making21 Aug 2025
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2026LBM: Hierarchical Large Auto-Bidding Model via Reasoning and Acting
- 2026HOBA: Hierarchical On-Policy Bidding Agents for Adaptive Online Advertising
- 2026AIGB-R1: Self-Evolving Generative Auto-Bidding via Hierarchical Planner-Executor Optimization
- 2024Hierarchical Multi-agent Meta-Reinforcement Learning for Cross-channel Bidding
- 2023Offline Reinforcement Learning for Optimizing Production Bidding Policies
- 2026On the Role of Language Representations in Auto-Bidding: Findings and Implications
- 2024AuctionNet: A Novel Benchmark for Decision-Making in Large-Scale Games
- 2026Strategy-Aware Parameter-Efficient Adaptation for LLM-based Auto-Bidding ↗