Emilia: A Large-Scale, Extensive, Multilingual, and Diverse Dataset for Speech Generation
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Abstract (arXiv)
Recent advancements in speech generation have been driven by large-scale training datasets. However, current models struggle to capture the spontaneity and variability inherent in real-world human speech, as they are primarily trained on audio-book datasets limited to formal, read-aloud speaking styles. To address this limitation, we introduce Emilia-Pipe, an open-source preprocessing pipeline designed to extract high-quality training data from valuable yet under-explored in-the-wild sources that capture spontaneous human speech in real-world contexts. Using Emilia-Pipe, we construct Emilia, which comprises over 101k hours of speech across six languages: English, Chinese, German, French, Japanese, and Korean. Furthermore, we expand Emilia to Emilia-Large, a dataset exceeding 216k hours, making it one of the largest open-source speech generation resources available. Extensive experiments show that Emilia-trained models produce markedly more spontaneous, human-like speech than those trained on traditional audio-book datasets, while matching their intelligibility. These models better capture diverse speaker timbres and the full spectrum of real-world conversational styles. Our work also highlights the importance of scaling dataset size for advancing speech generation performance and validates the effectiveness of Emilia for both multilingual and crosslingual speech generation tasks.
Key facts. Cited by 19 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 38 of its 49 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 27 Jan 2025.
Builds on
38 of 49 references.
References · 38
- 2019Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networkscited by 9,049
- 2022Robust Speech Recognition via Large-Scale Weak Supervisioncited by 3,972
- 2021WavLM: Large-Scale Self-Supervised Pre-Training for Full Stack Speech Processingcited by 1,609
- 2019Common Voice: A Massively-Multilingual Speech Corpuscited by 1,358
- 2023Neural Codec Language Models are Zero-Shot Text to Speech Synthesizerscited by 737
- 2020FastSpeech 2: Fast and High-Quality End-to-End Text to Speechcited by 710
- 2019LibriTTS: A Corpus Derived from LibriSpeech for Text-to-Speechcited by 639
- 2017Tacotron: Towards End-to-End Speech Synthesiscited by 487
- 2020MLS: A Large-Scale Multilingual Dataset for Speech Researchcited by 467
- 2019Libri-Light: A Benchmark for ASR with Limited or No Supervisioncited by 462
- 2021GigaSpeech: An Evolving, Multi-domain ASR Corpus with 10,000 Hours of Transcribed Audiocited by 391
- 2023Voicebox: Text-Guided Multilingual Universal Speech Generation at Scalecited by 373
26 more
- 2024F5-TTS: A Fairytaler that Fakes Fluent and Faithful Speech with Flow Matchingcited by 353
- 2023WhisperX: Time-Accurate Speech Transcription of Long-Form Audiocited by 320
- 2024Seed-TTS: A Family of High-Quality Versatile Speech Generation Modelscited by 293
- 2024NaturalSpeech 3: Zero-Shot Speech Synthesis with Factorized Codec and Diffusion Modelscited by 222
- 2024Emilia: An Extensive, Multilingual, and Diverse Speech Dataset for Large-Scale Speech Generationcited by 200
- 2023emotion2vec: Self-Supervised Pre-Training for Speech Emotion Representationcited by 196
- 2021WenetSpeech: A 10000+ Hours Multi-domain Mandarin Corpus for Speech Recognitioncited by 189
- 2021A Survey on Neural Speech Synthesiscited by 182
- 2021DNSMOS P.835: A Non-Intrusive Perceptual Objective Speech Quality Metric to Evaluate Noise Suppressorscited by 165
- 2024MaskGCT: Zero-Shot Text-to-Speech with Masked Generative Codec Transformercited by 159
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- 2023SeamlessM4T: Massively Multilingual & Multimodal Machine Translationcited by 124
- 2023SoundStorm: Efficient Parallel Audio Generationcited by 111
- 2023Powerset multi-class cross entropy loss for neural speaker diarizationcited by 109
- 2023Libriheavy: a 50,000 hours ASR corpus with punctuation casing and contextcited by 84
- 2024BASE TTS: Lessons from building a billion-parameter Text-to-Speech model on 100K hours of datacited by 74
- 2024YODAS: Youtube-Oriented Dataset for Audio and Speechcited by 56
- 2024WenetSpeech4TTS: A 12,800-hour Mandarin TTS Corpus for Large Speech Generation Model Benchmarkcited by 39
- 2023Amphion: An Open-Source Audio, Music and Speech Generation Toolkitcited by 25
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- 2023AutoPrep: An Automatic Preprocessing Framework for In-the-Wild Speech Datacited by 16
- 2020How Far Are We from Robust Voice Conversion: A Surveycited by 14
- 2023Benchmarks and leaderboards for sound demixing taskscited by 6
- 2024SF-Speech: Straightened Flow for Zero-Shot Voice Clonecited by 4
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- 2024Debatts: Zero-Shot Debating Text-to-Speech Synthesiscited by 1
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 8; 2026: 11.
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- 2025Kimi-Audio Technical Reportcited by 210
- 2026OmniVoice: Towards Omnilingual Zero-Shot Text-to-Speech with Diffusion Language Modelscited by 22
- 2025WavReward: Spoken Dialogue Models With Generalist Reward Evaluatorscited by 15
- 2025SpeechJudge: Towards Human-Level Judgment for Speech Naturalnesscited by 15
- 2025NVSpeech: An Integrated and Scalable Pipeline for Human-Like Speech Modeling with Paralinguistic Vocalizationscited by 14
- 2025Easy Turn: Integrating Acoustic and Linguistic Modalities for Robust Turn-Taking in Full-Duplex Spoken Dialogue Systemscited by 11
- 2026VoxPrivacy: A Benchmark for Evaluating Interactional Privacy of Speech Language Modelscited by 3
- 2025MoE-TTS: Enhancing Out-of-Domain Text Understanding for Description-based TTS via Mixture-of-Expertscited by 2
- 2025Speech Language Models for Under-Represented Languages: Insights from Wolofcited by 2
- 2026Ex-Omni: Enabling 3D Facial Animation Generation for Omni-modal Large Language Modelscited by 2
- 2026HoliTok: A Continuous Holistic Tokenization with Robust Dual Capabilities of Speech Generation and Understandingcited by 2
- 2026Transcription Policy as a Latent Variable: Activating Controllable Verbatim ASR with Word-Level Timingcited by 2
7 more
- 2026CrossAccent-TTS: Cross-Lingual Accent-Intensity Controllable Text-to-Speech via Disentangled Speaker and Accent Representationscited by 1
- 2025Balalaika: Data-Centric, Prosody-Aware Annotation Pipeline for Russian Speechcited by 0
- 2026Eureka-Audio: Triggering Audio Intelligence in Compact Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026How Should LLMs Listen While Speaking? A Study of User-Stream Routing in Full-Duplex Spoken Dialoguecited by 0
- 2026Taming Audio VAEs via Target-KL Regularizationcited by 0
- 2026CleanCodec: Efficient and Robust Speech Tokenization via Perceptually Guided Encodingcited by 0
- 2026Speaker-Disentangled Chunk-Wise Regression for Syllabic Tokenizationcited by 0
- 2026Transcription Policy as a Latent Variable: Activating Controllable Verbatim ASR with Word-Level Timing21 Jul 2026
- 2026Speaker-Disentangled Chunk-Wise Regression for Syllabic Tokenization5 Jul 2026
- 2026CrossAccent-TTS: Cross-Lingual Accent-Intensity Controllable Text-to-Speech via Disentangled Speaker and Accent Representations24 Jun 2026
- 2026CleanCodec: Efficient and Robust Speech Tokenization via Perceptually Guided Encoding3 Jun 2026
- 2026HoliTok: A Continuous Holistic Tokenization with Robust Dual Capabilities of Speech Generation and Understanding28 May 2026
- 2026Taming Audio VAEs via Target-KL Regularization16 May 2026
- 2026How Should LLMs Listen While Speaking? A Study of User-Stream Routing in Full-Duplex Spoken Dialogue11 May 2026
- 2026OmniVoice: Towards Omnilingual Zero-Shot Text-to-Speech with Diffusion Language Models1 Apr 2026
- 2026Eureka-Audio: Triggering Audio Intelligence in Compact Language Models15 Feb 2026
- 2026Ex-Omni: Enabling 3D Facial Animation Generation for Omni-modal Large Language Models6 Feb 2026
- 2026VoxPrivacy: A Benchmark for Evaluating Interactional Privacy of Speech Language Models27 Jan 2026
- 2025SpeechJudge: Towards Human-Level Judgment for Speech Naturalness11 Nov 2025
7 more
- 2025Easy Turn: Integrating Acoustic and Linguistic Modalities for Robust Turn-Taking in Full-Duplex Spoken Dialogue Systems28 Sep 2025
- 2025Speech Language Models for Under-Represented Languages: Insights from Wolof18 Sep 2025
- 2025MoE-TTS: Enhancing Out-of-Domain Text Understanding for Description-based TTS via Mixture-of-Experts15 Aug 2025
- 2025NVSpeech: An Integrated and Scalable Pipeline for Human-Like Speech Modeling with Paralinguistic Vocalizations6 Aug 2025
- 2025Balalaika: Data-Centric, Prosody-Aware Annotation Pipeline for Russian Speech17 Jul 2025
- 2025WavReward: Spoken Dialogue Models With Generalist Reward Evaluators14 May 2025
- 2025Kimi-Audio Technical Report25 Apr 2025
- 2025Kimi-Audio Technical Reportcited by 210
- 2025NVSpeech: An Integrated and Scalable Pipeline for Human-Like Speech Modeling with Paralinguistic Vocalizationscited by 14
- 2025Easy Turn: Integrating Acoustic and Linguistic Modalities for Robust Turn-Taking in Full-Duplex Spoken Dialogue Systemscited by 11
- 2026VoxPrivacy: A Benchmark for Evaluating Interactional Privacy of Speech Language Modelscited by 3
- 2025Speech Language Models for Under-Represented Languages: Insights from Wolofcited by 2
- 2026Ex-Omni: Enabling 3D Facial Animation Generation for Omni-modal Large Language Modelscited by 2
- 2026HoliTok: A Continuous Holistic Tokenization with Robust Dual Capabilities of Speech Generation and Understandingcited by 2
- 2026Transcription Policy as a Latent Variable: Activating Controllable Verbatim ASR with Word-Level Timingcited by 2
- 2026CrossAccent-TTS: Cross-Lingual Accent-Intensity Controllable Text-to-Speech via Disentangled Speaker and Accent Representationscited by 1
- 2025Balalaika: Data-Centric, Prosody-Aware Annotation Pipeline for Russian Speechcited by 0
- 2026How Should LLMs Listen While Speaking? A Study of User-Stream Routing in Full-Duplex Spoken Dialoguecited by 0
- 2026CleanCodec: Efficient and Robust Speech Tokenization via Perceptually Guided Encodingcited by 0
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- 2026Transcription Policy as a Latent Variable: Activating Controllable Verbatim ASR with Word-Level Timing21 Jul 2026
- 2026Speaker-Disentangled Chunk-Wise Regression for Syllabic Tokenization5 Jul 2026
- 2026CrossAccent-TTS: Cross-Lingual Accent-Intensity Controllable Text-to-Speech via Disentangled Speaker and Accent Representations24 Jun 2026
- 2026CleanCodec: Efficient and Robust Speech Tokenization via Perceptually Guided Encoding3 Jun 2026
- 2026HoliTok: A Continuous Holistic Tokenization with Robust Dual Capabilities of Speech Generation and Understanding28 May 2026
- 2026How Should LLMs Listen While Speaking? A Study of User-Stream Routing in Full-Duplex Spoken Dialogue11 May 2026
- 2026Ex-Omni: Enabling 3D Facial Animation Generation for Omni-modal Large Language Models6 Feb 2026
- 2026VoxPrivacy: A Benchmark for Evaluating Interactional Privacy of Speech Language Models27 Jan 2026
- 2025Easy Turn: Integrating Acoustic and Linguistic Modalities for Robust Turn-Taking in Full-Duplex Spoken Dialogue Systems28 Sep 2025
- 2025Speech Language Models for Under-Represented Languages: Insights from Wolof18 Sep 2025
- 2025NVSpeech: An Integrated and Scalable Pipeline for Human-Like Speech Modeling with Paralinguistic Vocalizations6 Aug 2025
- 2025Balalaika: Data-Centric, Prosody-Aware Annotation Pipeline for Russian Speech17 Jul 2025
12 newest of 13 All 13 (JSON)