mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

SF-Speech: Straightened Flow for Zero-Shot Voice Clone

arXiv 2410.12399 ↗First posted 16 Oct 2024cs.SD eess.AScited by 4

On the map: Diffusion models → Audio, speech and music

Abstract (arXiv)

Recently, neural ordinary differential equations (ODE) models trained with flow matching have achieved impressive performance on the zero-shot voice clone task. Nevertheless, postulating standard Gaussian noise as the initial distribution of ODE gives rise to numerous intersections within the fitted targets of flow matching, which presents challenges to model training and enhances the curvature of the learned generated trajectories. These curved trajectories restrict the capacity of ODE models for generating desirable samples with a few steps. This paper proposes SF-Speech, a novel voice clone model based on ODE and in-context learning. Unlike the previous works, SF-Speech adopts a lightweight multi-stage module to generate a more deterministic initial distribution for ODE. Without introducing any additional loss function, we effectively straighten the curved reverse trajectories of the ODE model by jointly training it with the proposed module. Experiment results on datasets of various scales show that SF-Speech outperforms the state-of-the-art zero-shot TTS methods and requires only a quarter of the solver steps, resulting in a generation speed approximately 3.7 times that of Voicebox and E2 TTS. Audio samples are available at the demo pagefootnote[Online] Available: https://lixuyuan102.github.io/Demo/.

Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Audio, speech and music, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 70 of its 87 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 Oct 2024.

Builds on

70 of 87 references.

Closest ancestors · 11

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2024F5-TTS: A Fairytaler that Fakes Fluent and Faithful Speech with Flow Matching9 Oct
  2. 2024SimpleSpeech 2: Towards Simple and Efficient Text-to-Speech with Flow-based Scalar Latent Transformer Diffusion Models25 Aug
  3. 2024NaturalSpeech 3: Zero-Shot Speech Synthesis with Factorized Codec and Diffusion Models5 Mar
  4. 2023High-Fidelity Speech Synthesis with Minimal Supervision: All Using Diffusion Models27 Sep
  5. 2023VoiceFlow: Efficient Text-to-Speech with Rectified Flow Matching10 Sep
  6. 2023Matcha-TTS: A fast TTS architecture with conditional flow matching6 Sep
  7. 2023U-DiT TTS: U-Diffusion Vision Transformer for Text-to-Speech22 May
  8. 2023NaturalSpeech 2: Latent Diffusion Models are Natural and Zero-Shot Speech and Singing Synthesizers18 Apr
  9. 2022SpecGrad: Diffusion Probabilistic Model based Neural Vocoder with Adaptive Noise Spectral Shaping31 Mar
  10. 2021Grad-TTS: A Diffusion Probabilistic Model for Text-to-Speech13 May
  11. 2020DiffWave: A Versatile Diffusion Model for Audio Synthesis21 Sep

Other references · 59

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
  2. 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 20,851
  3. 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,694
  4. 2023LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Modelscited by 13,958
  5. 2020Score-Based Generative Modeling through Stochastic Differential Equationscited by 8,964
  6. 2022Hierarchical Text-Conditional Image Generation with CLIP Latentscited by 6,539
  7. 2022Scalable Diffusion Models with Transformerscited by 5,931
  8. 2022Classifier-Free Diffusion Guidancecited by 5,717
  9. 2022Flow Matching for Generative Modelingcited by 5,426
  10. 2018Neural Ordinary Differential Equationscited by 3,733
  11. 2022Flow Straight and Fast: Learning to Generate and Transfer Data with Rectified Flowcited by 3,550
  12. 2022DPM-Solver: A Fast ODE Solver for Diffusion Probabilistic Model Sampling in Around 10 Stepscited by 1,961
38 more
  1. 2020Conformer: Convolution-augmented Transformer for Speech Recognitioncited by 1,838
  2. 2021Structured Denoising Diffusion Models in Discrete State-Spacescited by 1,665
  3. 2019Root Mean Square Layer Normalizationcited by 1,425
  4. 2016Instance Normalization: The Missing Ingredient for Fast Stylizationcited by 1,187
  5. 2021Train Short, Test Long: Attention with Linear Biases Enables Input Length Extrapolationcited by 1,085
  6. 2021SoundStream: An End-to-End Neural Audio Codeccited by 756
  7. 2023Neural Codec Language Models are Zero-Shot Text to Speech Synthesizerscited by 737
  8. 2020FastSpeech 2: Fast and High-Quality End-to-End Text to Speechcited by 710
  9. 2022High Fidelity Neural Audio Compressioncited by 673
  10. 2020WaveGrad: Estimating Gradients for Waveform Generationcited by 620
  11. 2020ECAPA-TDNN: Emphasized Channel Attention, Propagation and Aggregation in TDNN Based Speaker Verificationcited by 606
  12. 2021Conditional Variational Autoencoder with Adversarial Learning for End-to-End Text-to-Speechcited by 555
  13. 2022All are Worth Words: A ViT Backbone for Diffusion Modelscited by 498
  14. 2023High-Fidelity Audio Compression with Improved RVQGANcited by 423
  15. 2023Voicebox: Text-Guided Multilingual Universal Speech Generation at Scalecited by 373
  16. 2024CosyVoice: A Scalable Multilingual Zero-shot Text-to-speech Synthesizer based on Supervised Semantic Tokenscited by 323
  17. 2024Seed-TTS: A Family of High-Quality Versatile Speech Generation Modelscited by 293
  18. 2021YourTTS: Towards Zero-Shot Multi-Speaker TTS and Zero-Shot Voice Conversion for everyonecited by 277
  19. 2022BigVGAN: A Universal Neural Vocoder with Large-Scale Trainingcited by 245
  20. 2024Emilia: An Extensive, Multilingual, and Diverse Speech Dataset for Large-Scale Speech Generationcited by 200
  21. 2024XTTS: a Massively Multilingual Zero-Shot Text-to-Speech Modelcited by 174
  22. 2021On Fast Sampling of Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 170
  23. 2021SSAST: Self-Supervised Audio Spectrogram Transformercited by 166
  24. 2021DNSMOS P.835: A Non-Intrusive Perceptual Objective Speech Quality Metric to Evaluate Noise Suppressorscited by 165
  25. 2023Vocos: Closing the gap between time-domain and Fourier-based neural vocoders for high-quality audio synthesiscited by 150
  26. 2024E2 TTS: Embarrassingly Easy Fully Non-Autoregressive Zero-Shot TTScited by 149
  27. 2023UniAudio: An Audio Foundation Model Toward Universal Audio Generationcited by 127
  28. 2024VALL-E 2: Neural Codec Language Models are Human Parity Zero-Shot Text to Speech Synthesizerscited by 119
  29. 2022Accelerating Diffusion Models via Early Stop of the Diffusion Processcited by 100
  30. 2023HiFi-Codec: Group-residual Vector quantization for High Fidelity Audio Codeccited by 95
  31. 2021Meta-StyleSpeech : Multi-Speaker Adaptive Text-to-Speech Generationcited by 93
  32. 2023EXPRESSO: A Benchmark and Analysis of Discrete Expressive Speech Resynthesiscited by 93
  33. 2023Minimizing Trajectory Curvature of ODE-based Generative Modelscited by 87
  34. 2022FreeVC: Towards High-Quality Text-Free One-Shot Voice Conversioncited by 79
  35. 2017Deep Voice 2: Multi-Speaker Neural Text-to-Speechcited by 75
  36. 2024BASE TTS: Lessons from building a billion-parameter Text-to-Speech model on 100K hours of datacited by 74
  37. 2024Autoregressive Speech Synthesis without Vector Quantizationcited by 65
  38. 2023Mega-TTS: Zero-Shot Text-to-Speech at Scale with Intrinsic Inductive Biascited by 51

50 most cited of 59 All 59 (JSON)

Built on by

Cited by year

Citing papers per year: 2025: 4.

4 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025Rhythm Controllable and Efficient Zero-Shot Voice Conversion via Shortcut Flow Matching
  2. 2025Flamed-TTS: Flow Matching Attention-Free Models for Efficient Generating and Dynamic Pacing Zero-shot Text-to-Speech
  3. 2025Shortcut Flow Matching for Speech Enhancement: Step-Invariant flows via single stage training
  4. 2024Zero-shot Voice Conversion with Diffusion Transformers
  5. 2025MeanVC: Lightweight and Streaming Zero-Shot Voice Conversion via Mean Flows
  6. 2025ReFlow-VC: Zero-shot Voice Conversion Based on Rectified Flow and Speaker Feature Optimization
  7. 2025EZ-VC: Easy Zero-shot Any-to-Any Voice Conversion
  8. 2026MeanVoiceFlow: One-step Nonparallel Voice Conversion with Mean Flows