FOCUS: Unified Vision-Language Modeling for Interactive Editing Driven by Referential Segmentation
On the map: Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models → Image editing and quality assessment
Abstract (arXiv)
Recent Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) demonstrate promising capabilities in unifying visual understanding and generative modeling, enabling both accurate content understanding and flexible editing. However, current approaches treat "what to see" and "how to edit" separately: they either perform isolated object segmentation or utilize segmentation masks merely as conditional prompts for local edit generation tasks, often relying on multiple disjointed models. To bridge these gaps, we introduce FOCUS, a unified LVLM that integrates segmentation-aware perception and controllable object-centric generation within an end-to-end framework. FOCUS employs a dual-branch visual encoder to simultaneously capture global semantic context and fine-grained spatial details. In addition, we leverage a MoVQGAN-based visual tokenizer to produce discrete visual tokens that enhance generation quality. To enable accurate and controllable image editing, we propose a progressive multi-stage training pipeline, where segmentation masks are jointly optimized and used as spatial condition prompts to guide the diffusion decoder. This strategy aligns visual encoding, segmentation, and generation modules, effectively bridging segmentation-aware perception with fine-grained visual synthesis. Extensive experiments across three core tasks, including multimodal understanding, referring segmentation accuracy, and controllable image generation, demonstrate that FOCUS achieves strong performance by jointly optimizing visual perception and generative capabilities.
Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Image editing and quality assessment, one of 16 directions in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models. Builds on 59 of its 76 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 20 Jun 2025.
Builds on
59 of 76 references.
References · 59
- 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,863
- 2023Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 7,869
- 2023BLIP-2: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training with Frozen Image Encoders and Large Language Modelscited by 6,137
- 2022Scalable Diffusion Models with Transformerscited by 6,054
- 2024Qwen2.5 Technical Reportcited by 4,942
- 2023Improved Baselines with Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 4,418
- 2022Flamingo: a Visual Language Model for Few-Shot Learningcited by 4,386
- 2022A ConvNet for the 2020scited by 3,579
- 2023InstructBLIP: Towards General-purpose Vision-Language Models with Instruction Tuningcited by 2,876
- 2023MiniGPT-4: Enhancing Vision-Language Understanding with Advanced Large Language Modelscited by 2,711
- 2022InstructPix2Pix: Learning to Follow Image Editing Instructionscited by 2,611
- 2021Masked-attention Mask Transformer for Universal Image Segmentationcited by 2,351
38 more
- 2023Qwen-VL: A Versatile Vision-Language Model for Understanding, Localization, Text Reading, and Beyondcited by 2,224
- 2023MMBench: Is Your Multi-modal Model an All-around Player?cited by 2,141
- 2023Video-LLaVA: Learning United Visual Representation by Alignment Before Projectioncited by 1,402
- 2023MM-Vet: Evaluating Large Multimodal Models for Integrated Capabilitiescited by 1,239
- 2016Modeling Context in Referring Expressionscited by 1,063
- 2023ShareGPT4V: Improving Large Multi-Modal Models with Better Captionscited by 1,005
- 2023SEED-Bench: Benchmarking Multimodal LLMs with Generative Comprehensioncited by 940
- 2015Generation and Comprehension of Unambiguous Object Descriptionscited by 904
- 2023PixArt-α: Fast Training of Diffusion Transformer for Photorealistic Text-to-Image Synthesiscited by 864
- 2023LISA: Reasoning Segmentation via Large Language Modelcited by 776
- 2024Show-o: One Single Transformer to Unify Multimodal Understanding and Generationcited by 752
- 2023CogVLM: Visual Expert for Pretrained Language Modelscited by 708
- 2024Open-Sora: Democratizing Efficient Video Production for Allcited by 652
- 2022DiffEdit: Diffusion-based semantic image editing with mask guidancecited by 647
- 2023MagicBrush: A Manually Annotated Dataset for Instruction-Guided Image Editingcited by 624
- 2018From Recognition to Cognition: Visual Commonsense Reasoningcited by 556
- 2023Ferret: Refer and Ground Anything Anywhere at Any Granularitycited by 509
- 2023Generative Multimodal Models are In-Context Learnerscited by 446
- 2022Unified-IO: A Unified Model for Vision, Language, and Multi-Modal Taskscited by 421
- 2019Video Instance Segmentationcited by 393
- 2021LAVT: Language-Aware Vision Transformer for Referring Image Segmentationcited by 348
- 2024Magpie: Alignment Data Synthesis from Scratch by Prompting Aligned LLMs with Nothingcited by 346
- 2023ToRA: A Tool-Integrated Reasoning Agent for Mathematical Problem Solvingcited by 282
- 2023GRES: Generalized Referring Expression Segmentationcited by 254
- 2024AnyEdit: Mastering Unified High-Quality Image Editing for Any Ideacited by 241
- 2014Detect What You Can: Detecting and Representing Objects using Holistic Models and Body Partscited by 232
- 2019Connecting Vision and Language with Localized Narrativescited by 226
- 2023PixelLM: Pixel Reasoning with Large Multimodal Modelcited by 222
- 2024World Model on Million-Length Video And Language With Blockwise RingAttentioncited by 198
- 2023PolyFormer: Referring Image Segmentation as Sequential Polygon Generationcited by 148
- 2023PACO: Parts and Attributes of Common Objectscited by 146
- 2024VISA: Reasoning Video Object Segmentation via Large Language Modelscited by 127
- 2022MoVQ: Modulating Quantized Vectors for High-Fidelity Image Generationcited by 125
- 2021PartImageNet: A Large, High-Quality Dataset of Partscited by 107
- 2024PSALM: Pixelwise SegmentAtion with Large Multi-Modal Modelcited by 101
- 2025Describe Anything: Detailed Localized Image and Video Captioningcited by 84
- 2023LISA++: An Improved Baseline for Reasoning Segmentation with Large Language Modelcited by 71
- 2023InstructEdit: Improving Automatic Masks for Diffusion-based Image Editing With User Instructionscited by 64
50 most cited of 59 All 59 (JSON)
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 1; 2026: 3.
4 papers.
- 2025UniBYD: A Unified Framework for Learning Robotic Manipulation Across Embodiments Beyond Imitation of Human Demonstrationscited by 1
- 2026Feed-Forward Gaussian Splatting from Sparse Aerial Viewscited by 1
- 2026GAP3D: Generative Alignment of VLM Latents to Patch-Level Embeddings for 3D Generationcited by 0
- 2026Genesis: Visual Augmentation Primitives for Multimodal Chain-of-Thought Reasoningcited by 0
- 2026Genesis: Visual Augmentation Primitives for Multimodal Chain-of-Thought Reasoning11 Oct 2026
- 2026GAP3D: Generative Alignment of VLM Latents to Patch-Level Embeddings for 3D Generation27 May 2026
- 2026Feed-Forward Gaussian Splatting from Sparse Aerial Views19 May 2026
- 2025UniBYD: A Unified Framework for Learning Robotic Manipulation Across Embodiments Beyond Imitation of Human Demonstrations12 Dec 2025
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2025UniEdit-I: Training-free Image Editing for Unified VLM via Iterative Understanding, Editing and Verifying
- 2024Click2Mask: Local Editing with Dynamic Mask Generation
- 2024EVLM: Self-Reflective Multimodal Reasoning for Cross-Dimensional Visual Editing
- 2025FireEdit: Fine-grained Instruction-based Image Editing via Region-aware Vision Language Model
- 2025InstructX: Towards Unified Visual Editing with MLLM Guidance
- 2025MIND-Edit: MLLM Insight-Driven Editing via Language-Vision Projection
- 2026Instruction-based Image Editing with Planning, Reasoning, and Generation
- 2025UniFusion: Vision-Language Model as Unified Encoder in Image Generation