mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Leveraging Online Olympiad-Level Math Problems for LLMs Training and Contamination-Resistant Evaluation

arXiv 2501.14275 ↗First posted 24 Jan 2025cs.CL cs.AI cs.LGcited by 29

On the map: LLM reasoning → Mathematical reasoning

Abstract (arXiv)

Advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have sparked interest in their ability to solve Olympiad-level math problems. However, the training and evaluation of these models are constrained by the limited size and quality of available datasets, as creating large-scale data for such advanced problems requires extensive effort from human experts. In addition, current benchmarks are prone to contamination, leading to unreliable evaluations. In this paper, we present an automated pipeline that leverages the rich resources of the Art of Problem Solving (AoPS) forum, which predominantly features Olympiad-level problems and community-driven solutions. Using open-source LLMs, we develop a method to extract question-answer pairs from the forum, resulting in AoPS-Instruct, a dataset of more than 600,000 high-quality QA pairs. Our experiments demonstrate that fine-tuning LLMs on AoPS-Instruct improves their reasoning abilities across various benchmarks. Moreover, we build an automatic pipeline that introduces LiveAoPSBench, an evolving evaluation set with timestamps, derived from the latest forum data, providing a contamination-resistant benchmark for assessing LLM performance. Notably, we observe a significant decline in LLM performance over time, suggesting their success on older examples may stem from pre-training exposure rather than true reasoning ability. Our work presents a scalable approach to creating and maintaining large-scale, high-quality datasets for advanced math reasoning, offering valuable insights into the capabilities and limitations of LLMs in this domain. Our benchmark and code is available at https://github.com/DSL-Lab/aops

Key facts. Cited by 29 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Mathematical reasoning, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 34 of its 42 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 24 Jan 2025.

Builds on

34 of 42 references.

Closest ancestors · 11

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2024Omni-MATH: A Universal Olympiad Level Mathematic Benchmark For Large Language Models10 Oct
  2. 2024AI-Assisted Generation of Difficult Math Questions30 Jul
  3. 2024DART-Math: Difficulty-Aware Rejection Tuning for Mathematical Problem-Solving18 Jun
  4. 2024Orca-Math: Unlocking the potential of SLMs in Grade School Math16 Feb
  5. 2024OpenMathInstruct-1: A 1.8 Million Math Instruction Tuning Dataset15 Feb
  6. 2024InternLM-Math: Open Math Large Language Models Toward Verifiable Reasoning9 Feb
  7. 2024DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Models5 Feb
  8. 2023Llemma: An Open Language Model For Mathematics16 Oct
  9. 2023OpenWebMath: An Open Dataset of High-Quality Mathematical Web Text10 Oct
  10. 2023Evaluating and Improving Tool-Augmented Computation-Intensive Math Reasoning4 Jun
  11. 2022Solving Quantitative Reasoning Problems with Language Models29 Jun

Other references · 23

  1. 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,396
  2. 2024The Llama 3 Herd of Modelscited by 14,715
  3. 2021Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problemscited by 10,109
  4. 2020Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understandingcited by 7,963
  5. 2025DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learningcited by 6,330
  6. 2021Measuring Mathematical Problem Solving With the MATH Datasetcited by 5,371
  7. 2019HellaSwag: Can a Machine Really Finish Your Sentence?cited by 4,100
  8. 2023Mistral 7Bcited by 3,164
  9. 2023Sparks of Artificial General Intelligence: Early experiments with GPT-4cited by 2,592
  10. 2024Qwen2 Technical Reportcited by 2,120
  11. 2024LiveCodeBench: Holistic and Contamination Free Evaluation of Large Language Models for Codecited by 2,004
  12. 2024Gemma 2: Improving Open Language Models at a Practical Sizecited by 1,998
11 more
  1. 2022Competition-Level Code Generation with AlphaCodecited by 1,462
  2. 2024OlympiadBench: A Challenging Benchmark for Promoting AGI with Olympiad-Level Bilingual Multimodal Scientific Problemscited by 1,136
  3. 2024Qwen2.5-Math Technical Report: Toward Mathematical Expert Model via Self-Improvementcited by 1,090
  4. 2021Are NLP Models really able to Solve Simple Math Word Problems?cited by 878
  5. 2023MetaMath: Bootstrap Your Own Mathematical Questions for Large Language Modelscited by 735
  6. 2024BigCodeBench: Benchmarking Code Generation with Diverse Function Calls and Complex Instructionscited by 546
  7. 2024DeepSeek-Coder-V2: Breaking the Barrier of Closed-Source Models in Code Intelligencecited by 331
  8. 2021A Diverse Corpus for Evaluating and Developing English Math Word Problem Solverscited by 318
  9. 2023Rethinking Benchmark and Contamination for Language Models with Rephrased Samplescited by 195
  10. 2023Evaluating the Performance of Large Language Models on GAOKAO Benchmarkcited by 186
  11. 2024MAmmoTH2: Scaling Instructions from the Webcited by 145

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 18; 2026: 11.

29 papers.

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  1. 2025Towards Reasoning Era: A Survey of Long Chain-of-Thought for Reasoning Large Language Modelscited by 384
  2. 2025MathArena: Evaluating LLMs on Uncontaminated Math Competitionscited by 297
  3. 2025AIMO-2 Winning Solution: Building State-of-the-Art Mathematical Reasoning Models with OpenMathReasoning datasetcited by 174
  4. 2025An Empirical Study on Eliciting and Improving R1-like Reasoning Modelscited by 78
  5. 2025Think Only When You Need with Large Hybrid-Reasoning Modelscited by 66
  6. 2025Recent Advances in Large Langauge Model Benchmarks against Data Contamination: From Static to Dynamic Evaluationcited by 38
  7. 2025ThinkSwitcher: When to Think Hard, When to Think Fastcited by 37
  8. 2025OJBench: A Competition Level Code Benchmark For Large Language Modelscited by 26
  9. 2025Towards Concise and Adaptive Thinking in Large Reasoning Models: A Surveycited by 18
  10. 2025CriticLean: Critic-Guided Reinforcement Learning for Mathematical Formalizationcited by 16
  11. 2025MPS-Prover: Advancing Stepwise Theorem Proving by Multi-Perspective Search and Data Curationcited by 10
  12. 2026Golden Goose: A Simple Trick to Synthesize Unlimited RLVR Tasks from Unverifiable Internet Textcited by 10
17 more
  1. 2025Uni-DPO: A Unified Paradigm for Dynamic Preference Optimization of LLMscited by 9
  2. 2025An Investigation of Robustness of LLMs in Mathematical Reasoning: Benchmarking with Mathematically-Equivalent Transformation of Advanced Mathematical Problemscited by 8
  3. 2026MathNet: a Global Multimodal Benchmark for Mathematical Reasoning and Retrievalcited by 6
  4. 2025OPV: Outcome-based Process Verifier for Efficient Long Chain-of-Thought Verificationcited by 4
  5. 2025Improving Autoformalization Using Direct Dependency Retrievalcited by 2
  6. 2026Detecting RLVR Training Data via Structural Convergence of Reasoningcited by 2
  7. 2026ResearchMath-14K: Scaling Research-Level Mathematics via Agentscited by 2
  8. 2025Investigating Advanced Reasoning of Large Language Models via Black-Box Environment Interactioncited by 1
  9. 2026MathDuels: A Self-Play Benchmark That Growscited by 1
  10. 2026More Correct Mass, Worse Answers: Why Power Sampling Can Fail and How to Fix Itcited by 1
  11. 2025Towards Contamination Resistant Benchmarkscited by 0
  12. 2025Data Trajectory Alignment for LLM Domain Adaptation: A Two-Phase Synthesis Framework for Telecommunications Mathematicscited by 0
  13. 2026The CompMath-MCQ Dataset: Are LLMs Ready for Higher-Level Math?cited by 0
  14. 2026Re2Math: Benchmarking Theorem Retrieval in Research-Level Mathematicscited by 0
  15. 2026Boosting Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards via Randomly Selected Few-Shot Guidancecited by 0
  16. 2026To Reason or to Fabricate: Reasoning Without Shortcuts via Hint-Anchored Pairwise Aggregationcited by 0
  17. 2026Mo' Models, Mo' Problems: How to best select model pools when designing Multi-Agent Systemscited by 0

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