Piecing It All Together: Verifying Multi-Hop Multimodal Claims
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Existing claim verification datasets often do not require systems to perform complex reasoning or effectively interpret multimodal evidence. To address this, we introduce a new task: multi-hop multimodal claim verification. This task challenges models to reason over multiple pieces of evidence from diverse sources, including text, images, and tables, and determine whether the combined multimodal evidence supports or refutes a given claim. To study this task, we construct MMCV, a large-scale dataset comprising 15k multi-hop claims paired with multimodal evidence, generated and refined using large language models, with additional input from human feedback. We show that MMCV is challenging even for the latest state-of-the-art multimodal large language models, especially as the number of reasoning hops increases. Additionally, we establish a human performance benchmark on a subset of MMCV. We hope this dataset and its evaluation task will encourage future research in multimodal multi-hop claim verification.
Key facts. Cited by 12 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 35 of its 53 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 14 Nov 2024.
Builds on
35 of 53 references.
References · 35
- 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,132
- 2020Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Taskscited by 9,160
- 2021Zero-Shot Text-to-Image Generationcited by 4,276
- 2018HotpotQA: A Dataset for Diverse, Explainable Multi-hop Question Answeringcited by 3,686
- 2018FEVER: a large-scale dataset for Fact Extraction and VERificationcited by 1,362
- 2021Fantastically Ordered Prompts and Where to Find Them: Overcoming Few-Shot Prompt Order Sensitivitycited by 1,122
- 2022Measuring and Narrowing the Compositionality Gap in Language Modelscited by 1,054
- 2023Quantifying Language Models' Sensitivity to Spurious Features in Prompt Design or: How I learned to start worrying about prompt formattingcited by 778
- 2022A Survey on In-context Learningcited by 717
- 2022Visual Programming: Compositional visual reasoning without trainingcited by 507
- 2024Sora: A Review on Background, Technology, Limitations, and Opportunities of Large Vision Modelscited by 467
- 2018The Web as a Knowledge-base for Answering Complex Questionscited by 409
23 more
- 2021A Survey on Automated Fact-Checkingcited by 376
- 2017"Liar, Liar Pants on Fire": A New Benchmark Dataset for Fake News Detectioncited by 361
- 2018FakeNewsNet: A Data Repository with News Content, Social Context and Spatialtemporal Information for Studying Fake News on Social Mediacited by 281
- 2023Automatically Correcting Large Language Models: Surveying the landscape of diverse self-correction strategiescited by 236
- 2020HoVer: A Dataset for Many-Hop Fact Extraction And Claim Verificationcited by 199
- 2017Constructing Datasets for Multi-hop Reading Comprehension Across Documentscited by 190
- 2021MultiModalQA: Complex Question Answering over Text, Tables and Imagescited by 177
- 2023Fact-Checking Complex Claims with Program-Guided Reasoningcited by 146
- 2021NewsCLIPpings: Automatic Generation of Out-of-Context Multimodal Mediacited by 106
- 2022End-to-End Multimodal Fact-Checking and Explanation Generation: A Challenging Dataset and Modelscited by 105
- 2018Automated Fact Checking: Task formulations, methods and future directionscited by 96
- 2019Fact-Checking Meets Fauxtography: Verifying Claims About Imagescited by 52
- 2023Multimodal Automated Fact-Checking: A Surveycited by 51
- 2024LLM-as-a-Coauthor: Can Mixed Human-Written and Machine-Generated Text Be Detected?cited by 47
- 2024Authorship Attribution in the Era of LLMs: Problems, Methodologies, and Challengescited by 46
- 2024Can Large Language Models Identify Authorship?cited by 40
- 2023Explainable Claim Verification via Knowledge-Grounded Reasoning with Large Language Modelscited by 37
- 2023Let's Synthesize Step by Step: Iterative Dataset Synthesis with Large Language Models by Extrapolating Errors from Small Modelscited by 30
- 2023Trojan Activation Attack: Red-Teaming Large Language Models using Activation Steering for Safety-Alignmentcited by 27
- 2024Social Science Meets LLMs: How Reliable Are Large Language Models in Social Simulations?cited by 26
- 2024AutoBench-V: Can Large Vision-Language Models Benchmark Themselves?cited by 19
- 2024Multimodal Large Language Models to Support Real-World Fact-Checkingcited by 13
- 2018SMART: An Open Source Data Labeling Platform for Supervised Learningcited by 4
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 1; 2025: 2; 2026: 9.
12 papers.
- 2025Can Multimodal LLMs Perform Time Series Anomaly Detection?cited by 11
- 2024FCMR: Robust Evaluation of Financial Cross-Modal Multi-Hop Reasoningcited by 7
- 2026VeriTaS: The First Dynamic Benchmark for Multimodal Automated Fact-Checkingcited by 5
- 2026SMMBench: A Benchmark for Source-Distributed Multimodal Agent Memorycited by 5
- 2025Domain Specific Benchmarks for Evaluating Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 2
- 2026CRIT: Graph-Based Automatic Data Synthesis to Enhance Cross-Modal Multi-Hop Reasoningcited by 2
- 2026LiveFact: A Dynamic, Time-Aware Benchmark for LLM-Driven Fake News Detectioncited by 2
- 2026M2-Verify: A Large-Scale Multidomain Benchmark for Checking Multimodal Claim Consistencycited by 1
- 2026Multimodal Claim Extraction for Fact-Checkingcited by 1
- 2026MEVER: Multi-Modal and Explainable Claim Verification with Graph-based Evidence Retrievalcited by 0
- 2026ToolSciVer: Multimodal Scientific Claim Verification with Visual Tool Augmented Reinforcement Learningcited by 0
- 2026ASTRA - Agentic System for Ticket Resolution and Analysiscited by 0
- 2026ASTRA - Agentic System for Ticket Resolution and Analysis28 Aug 2026
- 2026ToolSciVer: Multimodal Scientific Claim Verification with Visual Tool Augmented Reinforcement Learning17 Jul 2026
- 2026SMMBench: A Benchmark for Source-Distributed Multimodal Agent Memory15 May 2026
- 2026LiveFact: A Dynamic, Time-Aware Benchmark for LLM-Driven Fake News Detection6 Apr 2026
- 2026CRIT: Graph-Based Automatic Data Synthesis to Enhance Cross-Modal Multi-Hop Reasoning2 Apr 2026
- 2026M2-Verify: A Large-Scale Multidomain Benchmark for Checking Multimodal Claim Consistency1 Apr 2026
- 2026MEVER: Multi-Modal and Explainable Claim Verification with Graph-based Evidence Retrieval10 Feb 2026
- 2026Multimodal Claim Extraction for Fact-Checking1 Feb 2026
- 2026VeriTaS: The First Dynamic Benchmark for Multimodal Automated Fact-Checking13 Jan 2026
- 2025Domain Specific Benchmarks for Evaluating Multimodal Large Language Models15 Jun 2025
- 2025Can Multimodal LLMs Perform Time Series Anomaly Detection?25 Feb 2025
- 2024FCMR: Robust Evaluation of Financial Cross-Modal Multi-Hop Reasoning17 Dec 2024
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2025MuSciClaims: Multimodal Scientific Claim Verification
- 2026Is a Picture Worth a Thousand Words? Adaptive Multimodal Fact-Checking with Visual Evidence Necessity
- 2025HintsOfTruth: A Multimodal Checkworthiness Detection Dataset with Real and Synthetic Claims
- 2024MFC-Bench: Benchmarking Multimodal Fact-Checking with Large Vision-Language Models
- 2025SciVer: Evaluating Foundation Models for Multimodal Scientific Claim Verification
- 2025Beyond Retrieval: Improving Evidence Quality for LLM-based Multimodal Fact-Checking
- 2026MIC: Explaining Image-Claim Inconsistencies in AI-Generated Multimodal Misinformation
- 2026MultiHaystack: Benchmarking Multimodal Retrieval and Reasoning over 40K Images, Videos, and Documents