Proximal Policy Distillation
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
We introduce Proximal Policy Distillation (PPD), a novel policy distillation method that integrates student-driven distillation and Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) to increase sample efficiency and to leverage the additional rewards that the student policy collects during distillation. To assess the efficacy of our method, we compare PPD with two common alternatives, student-distill and teacher-distill, over a wide range of reinforcement learning environments that include discrete actions and continuous control (ATARI, Mujoco, and Procgen). For each environment and method, we perform distillation to a set of target student neural networks that are smaller, identical (self-distillation), or larger than the teacher network. Our findings indicate that PPD improves sample efficiency and produces better student policies compared to typical policy distillation approaches. Moreover, PPD demonstrates greater robustness than alternative methods when distilling policies from imperfect demonstrations. The code for the paper is released as part of a new Python library built on top of stable-baselines3 to facilitate policy distillation: `sb3-distill'.
Key facts. Cited by 9 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 27 of its 37 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 21 Jul 2024.
Builds on
27 of 37 references.
References · 27
- 2017Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithmscited by 14,441
- 2015Distilling the Knowledge in a Neural Networkcited by 10,076
- 2024Octo: An Open-Source Generalist Robot Policycited by 1,427
- 2019Dota 2 with Large Scale Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 1,084
- 2018IMPALA: Scalable Distributed Deep-RL with Importance Weighted Actor-Learner Architecturescited by 866
- 2022A Generalist Agentcited by 802
- 2019Solving Rubik's Cube with a Robot Handcited by 699
- 2017Learning Complex Dexterous Manipulation with Deep Reinforcement Learning and Demonstrationscited by 685
- 2018Born Again Neural Networkscited by 539
- 2019Leveraging Procedural Generation to Benchmark Reinforcement Learningcited by 478
- 2015Policy Distillationcited by 414
- 2017Population Based Training of Neural Networkscited by 351
15 more
- 2020Agent57: Outperforming the Atari Human Benchmarkcited by 300
- 2023Robot Parkour Learningcited by 115
- 2023Learning Agile Soccer Skills for a Bipedal Robot with Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 111
- 2018Neural probabilistic motor primitives for humanoid controlcited by 96
- 2021From Motor Control to Team Play in Simulated Humanoid Footballcited by 87
- 2019Distilling Policy Distillationcited by 81
- 2018Kickstarting Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 75
- 2018Reinforcement Learning from Imperfect Demonstrationscited by 74
- 2020Imitating Interactive Intelligencecited by 55
- 2020Behavior Priors for Efficient Reinforcement Learningcited by 40
- 2020Bridging the Imitation Gap by Adaptive Insubordinationcited by 38
- 2022Leveraging Fully Observable Policies for Learning under Partial Observabilitycited by 17
- 2023TGRL: An Algorithm for Teacher Guided Reinforcement Learningcited by 16
- 2021Distilling Motion Planner Augmented Policies into Visual Control Policies for Robot Manipulationcited by 8
- 2019Distillation Strategies for Proximal Policy Optimizationcited by 7
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 1; 2026: 8.
9 papers.
- 2025Refined Policy Distillation: From VLA Generalists to RL Expertscited by 19
- 2026OVD: On-policy Verbal Distillationcited by 9
- 2026TADPO: Reinforcement Learning Goes Off-roadcited by 3
- 2026MAVEN-T: Reinforced Heterogeneous Distillation for Real-Time Multi-Agent Trajectory Predictioncited by 3
- 2026Geometric Self-Distillation for Reasoning Generalizationcited by 2
- 2026Vision-Language-Action Jump-Starting for Reinforcement Learning Robotic Agentscited by 1
- 2026Leveraging Offline Supervision for Efficient and Generalizable Reinforcement Learning in Large-Scale Vision-Language-Action Modelscited by 0
- 2026Improving Online Reinforcement Learning via Bidirectional Behavior Prior Distillationcited by 0
- 2026UOPD: Uncertainty-Aware Intervention for On-Policy Distillation of Multi-Turn Agentscited by 0
- 2026UOPD: Uncertainty-Aware Intervention for On-Policy Distillation of Multi-Turn Agents27 Sep 2026
- 2026Improving Online Reinforcement Learning via Bidirectional Behavior Prior Distillation29 Jul 2026
- 2026Geometric Self-Distillation for Reasoning Generalization7 Jul 2026
- 2026Leveraging Offline Supervision for Efficient and Generalizable Reinforcement Learning in Large-Scale Vision-Language-Action Models6 Jul 2026
- 2026Vision-Language-Action Jump-Starting for Reinforcement Learning Robotic Agents15 Apr 2026
- 2026MAVEN-T: Reinforced Heterogeneous Distillation for Real-Time Multi-Agent Trajectory Prediction11 Apr 2026
- 2026TADPO: Reinforcement Learning Goes Off-road6 Mar 2026
- 2026OVD: On-policy Verbal Distillation29 Jan 2026
- 2025Refined Policy Distillation: From VLA Generalists to RL Experts6 Mar 2025